Influence of fixed orthodontic treatment on the menstrual cycle of adult females: A prospective longitudinal study

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the influence of fixed orthodontic treatment on the menstrual cycle, including menstrual cycle length (MCL) and duration of menstrual bleeding (DMB), in adult female patients. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective longitudinal study conducted in Chengdu, China. A total of 164 adult women with normal menstrual cycles were recruited in the study, with 79 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment and 85 serving as controls. Data of MCL, DMB, and accompanying symptoms were collected over six consecutive menstrual cycles in each participant. Student’s t test, Chi-square test, Moses extreme reaction test, and repeated measures analysis of variance were used for statistical analysis. Results: The MCL of the first menstrual cycle (T1) was significantly elongated by 2.1 ± 0.5 days compared with baseline (P = .003, 95% CI [−3.7, −0.5]). Variability of MCL of the orthodontic group at T1 was also significantly greater (range, 15–46 days) than that of the control group (range, 24–36 days) (P < .05). No significant difference in MCL was found in the subsequent five menstrual cycles (T2–T6) compared with baseline, and no significant differences in DMB or other accompanying symptoms were observed throughout the study. Conclusion: Fixed orthodontic treatment may influence the MCL of adult females in the first month after bonding, but showed no effect on DMB or subsequent MCL through the follow-ups.

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A Five Year Longitudinal Study of the Educational Environment in a Newly Integrated Medical Curriculum

Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal [SQUMJ] ◽

10.18295/squmj.2019.19.04.009 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 335

Author(s):

Syed I. Shehnaz

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

United Arab Emirates ◽

Medical Curriculum ◽

Educational Environment ◽

Traditional Curriculum ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Prospective Longitudinal ◽

Course Of Study

Objectives: The College of Medicine at Gulf Medical University (GMU), Ajman, United Arab Emirates, was subjected to a curricular reform, which shifted the institution from a traditional curriculum to a hybrid, studentcentred, integrated curriculum. There are no previous studies analysing the consequences of such a curricular modification on the educational environment (EE). Therefore, this study aimed to analyse the EE of a pioneer cohort of the innovative curriculum over their five-year course of study. Methods: This prospective longitudinal study was conducted between September 2009 and September 2013 at the College of Medicine. The Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure questionnaire was completed by a pioneer cohort of students at the start of each academic session for five consecutive years. The mean overall, subscale and individual statement scores were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon-rank sum tests. Results: A total of 178 responses were collected (response rate: 90.4%). The mean overall score throughout the five years of study was 130/200. A significant difference in the scores (P <0.05) was observed as the students proceeded through the course. The overall and subscale scores were significantly higher in the first and final years of study. Analysis of the statements recognised the medical knowledge of the teachers’ and students’ awareness of empathy and social interactions as persistent strengths of the college over the entire course of study. A curricular overload, a want for support systems for stressed students, students’ waning interest levels and assessment strategies emerged as areas that warranted further attention. Conclusion: The pioneer cohort of the new curriculum rated their EE as positive throughout their five years of study at GMU. An examination of individual statements revealed the programme’s strengths and areas for improvement for the institution.Keywords: Curriculum; Environment; Longitudinal Study; Medical Students; Perception; Undergraduate Medical Education; United Arab Emirates.

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Three-dimensional computed tomographic analysis of changes to the external features of the nose after surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion and orthodontic treatment: A prospective longitudinal study

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics ◽

10.1016/j.ajodo.2013.04.013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 144 (3) ◽

pp. 404-413 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Anders Magnusson ◽

Krister Bjerklin ◽

Hyungmin Kim ◽

Peter Nilsson ◽

Agneta Marcusson

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Rapid Maxillary Expansion ◽

Maxillary Expansion ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Computed Tomographic ◽

Tomographic Analysis ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

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Non-completion of Active Orthodontic Treatment

British Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1179/bjo.21.3.275 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 275-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

E. E. Roberts ◽

J. Y. Kassab ◽

J. S. Sandham ◽

D. R. Willmot

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Active Treatment ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Dental Services ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Complete Treatment ◽

Treatment Plans ◽

Prospective Longitudinal ◽

Hospital General ◽

Over Time

Over a 1-year period, all patients attending a consultant orthodontist's new patient clinics in North Derbyshire and whose treatment plans involved active appliance treatment, were accepted into a prospective longitudinal study. In all 294 patients were included in the study. Subsequent to the consultant's new patient clinic the patients' active treatments were undertaken in the Hospital, General, or Community Dental Services. Four years after the commencement of the study, 207 patients had completed active treatment and 50 had non-completed during active treatment. This gave an overall non-completion rare (NCR) of 19·5 percent for the study. Of the 50 patients who did not complete treatment during active treatment 23 (46 per cent) non-completed during the first 6 months of active treatment. A predictive model of non-completion of active orthodontic treatment (NCT) over time is suggested.

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Microaneurysm Turnover in Mild Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy is Associated with Progression and Development of Vision-Threatening Complications: A 5-Year Longitudinal Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10102142 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 2142

Author(s):

Ana Rita Santos ◽

Luis Mendes ◽

Maria Helena Madeira ◽

Ines P. Marques ◽

Diana Tavares ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Predictive Biomarker ◽

Fundus Photography ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

Background: Analysis of retinal microaneurysm turnover (MAT) has been previously shown to contribute to the identification of eyes at risk of developing clinically significant complications associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR). We propose to further characterize MAT as a predictive biomarker of DR progression and development of vision-threatening complications. Methods: 212 individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D; ETDRS grades 20 and 35) were evaluated annually in a 5-year prospective, longitudinal study, by color fundus photography and optical coherence tomography. Endpoints were diabetic macular edema (DME) or proliferative retinopathy (PDR). MAT analysis included determination of MA formation and disappearance rates, automatically assessed using the RetMarkerDR®. Retinopathy severity progression was evaluated using step increases in ETDRS severity levels. Results: Of the 212 individuals, 172 completed the 5-year follow-up study or developed an endpoint (n = 27). MAT calculated at 1 year showed a significant difference between groups of endpoint developments (p = 0.018), particularly MA disappearance rate (p = 0.007). MAT also showed a significant difference between eyes with different ETDRS severity progression in the 5-year period (p = 0.035). Conclusions: MAT is an indicator of the development of DME and/or PDR as well as of DR severity progression in T2D individuals with mild retinopathy.

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