scholarly journals The Determination of Young's Modulus of Elasticity and Density in Iron-Cobalt and Iron-Nickel Alloys

1942 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 401-404
Author(s):  
Mikio Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Nickel Alloys ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Iron Cobalt ◽  
Young’S Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Iron Nickel ◽  
Iron Nickel Alloys

DIFFUSION OF Ni63 IN IRON, COBALT, NICKEL, AND TWO IRON–NICKEL ALLOYS

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1629-1636 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. MacEwan ◽  
J. U. MacEwan ◽  
L. Yaffe
Keyword(s):  
Surface Activity ◽  
Nickel Alloys ◽  
Nickel Content ◽  
The Self ◽  
Iron Cobalt ◽  
Self Diffusion ◽  
Cobalt Nickel ◽  
Iron Nickel ◽  
Iron Nickel Alloys ◽  
Cobalt And Nickel

The self-diffusion of nickel and the diffusion of Ni63 into iron, cobalt, and two iron–nickel alloys was studied using the technique of decrease in surface activity, The nickel self-diffusion results are compared to previously reported values. Nickel is found to diffuse more slowly than iron in the iron-rich portion of the iron–nickel system. The rate of nickel diffusion increases with increasing nickel content. A comparison is made between the present results for diffusion of Ni63 into iron, cobalt, and nickel with reported values for diffusion of Co60 and Fe59 in the same metals. In each solvent, the magnitudes of the activation energies, Q, are such that QNi > QCo > QFe.

THE INFLUENCE OF SEX HORMONES ON THE BONY CHANGES OCCURRING IN PARALYSED LIMBS

1954 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. GILLESPIE
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Breaking Point ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Breaking Stress ◽  
Young’S Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Ash Weight

SUMMARY 1. Paralysis, produced in young male rats by avulsion of peripheral nerves, resulted in a highly significant reduction in the total weight, ash weight, ash percentage, X-ray density and bending moment at the breaking point, of the bones of the affected limb. The breaking stress was significantly reduced, but Young's modulus of elasticity was unaltered. 2. Certain of these changes were modified by treatment with sex hormones. Both oestradiol and testosterone significantly reduced the difference between the bones of the normal and paralysed limbs in respect of total weight, ash weight and bending moment at the breaking point. 3. Treatment with oestradiol significantly increased both the ash percentage and Young's modulus of elasticity, the increase affecting equally the bones of the normal and paralysed limbs. Testosterone treatment did not significantly affect either of these properties, and neither hormone affected the breaking stress.

Effects of Vertebral Body Changes on Cervical Spine Load Sharing

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangyue Zhang ◽  
Narayan Yoganandan ◽  
Frank A. Pintar
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Vertebral Body ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Axial Compressive Force ◽  
Inferior Surface ◽  
Biomechanical Behavior ◽  
Young’S Modulus Of Elasticity

The objective of the study was to determine the effects of changes in the Young’s modulus of elasticity of the cancellous bone that occur due to the ageing process on the biomechanical behavior of the cervical spine. An anatomically accurate three-dimensional (3-D) nonlinear finite element model of the C4-C5-C6 cervical spinal unit was used. The inferior surface of the C6 vertebrae was fixed in all degrees of freedom, and external loads were applied to the top surface of the C4 vertebra. The model was exercised under an axial compressive force of 754 N. In addition, flexion and extension bending moments of 3.44 Nm were applied individually to the model. The effects of ageing on bone strength were simulated by decreasing the Young’s modulus of elasticity from 100 MPa in the healthy spine to 40 MPa in the degenerated spine. The degenerated spine was found to be more flexible than the healthy spine. In addition, the degenerated spine responded with increased forces in the outer anterior and posterior regions of the vertebral body. Furthermore, forces in the facet joints increased in the degenerated spine. In contrast, the middle region of the disc showed decreased forces. These increases in the forces leading to stress risers may explain the occurrence of osteophytes in the spine with age.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document