scholarly journals Grafting Reaction of Diene Rbbers with Surface Azo Groups Introduced onto Carbon Black or Calcium Carbonate.

1994 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 570-575
Author(s):  
Norio TSUBOKAWA ◽  
Yukio SHIRAI ◽  
Kazuyo SENO
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Grafting Reaction

Characterization of Snap-On Calf Nipple Product and Development of its Compound Formulation Based on Natural Rubber

2017 ◽  
Vol 744 ◽  
pp. 282-287
Author(s):  
Sarawut Prasertsri ◽  
Sansanee Srichan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Rubber Component

This research aimed to develop the formulation of natural rubber filled with carbon black, silica and calcium carbonate for rubber calf nipple application. The reverse engineering was performed on the calf nipple product to analyze the rubber type and component by using Soxhlet extraction, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. Furthermore, mechanical properties were examined to act as benchmark for the rubber compound design. The results showed that rubber component in the nipple product was natural rubber, whereas two filler types revealed as carbon black and calcium carbonate with 10 and 35 of the total weight. In addition, rubber nipple showed the hardness of 46±1 Shore A and tensile strength of 5.3±0.60 MPa. From the investigation of the properties of developed rubber compounds in this work, it was found that the mechanical properties depended on type and content of filler. The required mechanical properties of vulcanizates were achieved at 20 phr of carbon black (N330), 20 phr of silica and 120 phr of calcium carbonate.

Comparison of Reinforcing Efficiency between Calcium Carbonate/Carbon Black and Calcium Carbonate/Silica Hybrid Filled Natural Rubber Composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 382 ◽  
pp. 94-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarawut Prasertsri ◽  
Chaiwute Vudjung ◽  
Wunchai Inthisaeng ◽  
Sansanee Srichan ◽  
Kanchana Sapprasert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Strength Increase ◽  
Hybrid Filler ◽  
Carbonate Carbon ◽  
Cure Time

The present research aimed to develop natural rubber (NR) hybrid composites reinforced with calcium carbonate/carbon black (CC/CB) and calcium carbonate/silica (CC/SC). The influence of CC/CB and CC/SC with various filler ratios (120/0, 90/5, 60/10, 30/15 and 0/20) on cure characteristics and mechanical properties of the vulcanizates was investigated and their reinforcing efficiency was compared. It has been found that incorporation of CB in the hybrid filler decreases the scorch time and cure time but increases crosslink density, whereas the incorporation of silica showed cure retardation. As CB or SC content increases, stiffness, tensile strength and tear strength increase, while elongation at break and compression set decrease. Scanning electron microscopy studies also reveal poor filler dispersion and poor adhesion between filler particles and matrix in the vulcanizates with increasing in CC content in a weight filler ratio which causes inferior mechanical properties. Incorporation of CB or SC content enhanced the mechanical properties of the vulcanizates, where CC/CB hybrid system exhibited higher reinforcing efficiency compared with CC/SC hybrid system.

Tensile Strength of Filled SBR Vulcanizates

1959 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 680-691
Author(s):  
F. Bueche
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Carbon Black Concentration ◽  
Molecular Behavior ◽  
Concentration Degree ◽  
Observed Behavior

Abstract The molecular behavior responsible for the observed tensile strength properties of unfilled rubbers has been studied in a recent paper from this laboratory. In the present paper we intend to extend that work to the case of rubbers which are filled with carbon black. Measurements of the tensile strength of hot and cold SBR as a function of carbon black concentration, degree of vulcanization, and temperature are reported. An attempt is made to interpret the observed behavior in terms of molecular concepts. Some additional measurements with resin and calcium carbonate fillers are shown to lend support to the conclusions reached.

Rheological Behavior of Highly Filled EPDM Compounds with Calcium Carbonate, Carbon Black, Silica and Zinc Oxide

1996 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 628-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Li Li ◽  
James L. White
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Shear Viscosity ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Carbonate Carbon ◽  
Yield Value ◽  
Yield Values

Abstract The shear viscosity, creep and constant shear rate transients have been measured for 0.20 volume fraction compounds of an EPDM with calcium carbonate, carbon black, silica and zinc oxide of similar particle size at 100°C. Measurements have been made in a creep sandwich instrument, pressurized rotational rheometer and a capillary rheometer and cover nine decades of shear rate. All of the compounds exhibit enhanced viscosities and yield values; i.e. there are stresses below which there is no flow. The greatest yield values and increased viscosities are with the compounds with calcium carbonate and zinc oxide. More extensive studies were made with the EPDM-calcium carbonate system, where it was shown that, increasing particle size reduces shear viscosity and yield values. Further, surface treating calcium carbonate with stearic acid signifcantly reduces the shear viscosity and yield value of the corresponding EPDM compound.

Solvent Crack Growth in NBR Rubber

1976 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1324-1347 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Nakashima ◽  
K. Manabe
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Linear Function ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Extension Ratio ◽  
Straight Lines ◽  
Highly Loaded

Abstract The solvent crack growth of rubber compounded with various carbon blacks or calcium carbonate was investigated. It was found that the rate of crack growth of filler-loaded rubber was linearly related to extension ratio in a manner similar to gum vulcanizates. The rate of crack growth passes through a minimum as the filler loading is increased. It is dependent on the particle size of the filler; smaller particles show much greater effect than coarser ones. When the rates of crack growth of highly loaded samples were plotted against the extension ratio, plots consisting of two straight lines with a bending point were obtained. It was found that the extension ratio at the bending point depended upon the loading and particle size of filler. It was a linear function of the square root of the distance between filler particles. The slope of the line above the bending point varies with type of filler: with carbon black the slope is steeper; with calcium carbonate it is less steep.

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