scholarly journals Impact of Body Weight Loss From Maximum Weight on Fragility Bone Fractures in Japanese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: The Fukuoka Diabetes Registry

Diabetes Care ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1061-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Komorita ◽  
Masanori Iwase ◽  
Hiroki Fujii ◽  
Toshiaki Ohkuma ◽  
Hitoshi Ide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
Maximum Weight ◽  
Diabetes Registry

scholarly journals Effect of diabetes-specific nutrition formulas on satiety and hunger hormones in patients with type 2 diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adham Mottalib ◽  
Martin J. Abrahamson ◽  
David M. Pober ◽  
Rani Polak ◽  
Ahmed H. Eldib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Nutrition Therapy ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Reduce Body Weight

Abstract Objectives Diabetes-specific nutritional formulas (DSNFs) are frequently used by patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) as part of nutrition therapy to improve glycemic control and reduce body weight. However, their effects on hunger and satiety hormones when compared to an isocaloric standardized breakfast are not fully understood. This study aims to evaluate the postprandial effects of two DSNFs—Glucerna (GL) and Ultra Glucose Control (UGC)—versus oatmeal on selected satiety and hunger hormones. Method After an overnight fast, 22 patients with T2D (mean age 62.3 ± 6.8 years, A1C 6.8 ± 0.7%, body weight 97.4 ± 21.3 kg, and BMI 33.2 ± 5.9 kg/m²) were given 200 kcal of each meal on three separate days. Blood samples for amylin, cholecystokinin (CCK), ghrelin, glucagon, leptin, and peptide-YY (PYY) were collected at baseline and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 min after the start of each meal. Incremental area under the curve (iAUC0-240) for each hormone was calculated. Results iAUC0-240 for glucagon and PYY were significantly higher after GL and UGC than after oatmeal (p < 0.001 for both). No difference was observed between the three meals on postprandial amylin, CCK, ghrelin, and leptin hormones. Conclusions Intake of DSNFs significantly increases secretion of PYY and glucagon, two important satiety hormones. While subjective satiety was not directly evaluated, the increased effect on satiety hormones may partially explain the mechanism of body weight loss associated with DSNF use.

scholarly journals Effect of bariatric surgery on plasma GDF15 in humans

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (4) ◽  
pp. E615-E621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Kleinert ◽  
Kirstine N. Bojsen-Møller ◽  
Nils B. Jørgensen ◽  
Maria S. Svane ◽  
Christoffer Martinussen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Growth Differentiation Factor 15 ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Marked Body

Bariatric surgery results in marked body weight loss and improves type 2 diabetes in most patients with obesity. The growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) has recently emerged as a novel satiety factor. To begin to understand whether GDF15 is involved in mediating the effects of bariatric surgery on body weight and glycemia in humans, we measured plasma GDF15 in patients with obesity ( n = 25) and in patients with obesity and diabetes ( n = 22) before and after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. GDF15 was increased 1 wk after RYGB compared with before surgery (689 ± 45 vs. 487 ± 28 pg/ml, P < 0.001) and GDF15 remained elevated at 3 mo (554 ± 37 pg/ml, P < 0.05), at 1 yr (566 ± 37 pg/ml, P < 0.05), and at 2.5–4 yr (630 ± 50 pg/ml, P < 0.001) after RYGB surgery. Both age and insulin sensitivity correlated with GDF15 before the surgery ( r = 0.46, P < 0.0001 and r = 0.34, P < 0.001, respectively). These correlations disappeared at 2.5–4 yr following the surgery. Conversely, weight loss magnitude correlated with GDF15, measured 2.5–4 yr postsurgery ( r = 0.21, P < 0.0055). In summary, circulating GDF15 increases and correlates with body weight loss following RYGB surgery.

How to Maintain a Healthy Body Weight

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrup
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Healthy Body Weight ◽  
Healthy Body

The epidemic of both obesity and type 2 diabetes is due to environmental factors, but the individuals developing the conditions possess a strong genetic predisposition. Observational surveys and intervention studies have shown that excess body fatness is the major environmental cause of type 2 diabetes, and that even a minor weight loss can prevent its development in high-risk subjects. Maintenance of a healthy body weight in susceptible individuals requires 45–60 minutes physical activity daily, a fat-reduced diet with plenty of fruit, vegetables, whole grain, and lean meat and dairy products, and moderate consumption of calorie containing beverages. The use of table values to predict the glycemic index of meals is of little – if any – value, and the role of a low-glycemic index diet for body weight control is controversial. The replacement of starchy carbohydrates with protein from lean meat and lean dairy products enhances satiety, and facilitate weight control. It is possible that dairy calcium also promotes weight loss, although the mechanism of action remains unclear. A weight loss of 5–10% can be induced in almost all obese patients providing treatment is offered by a professional team consisting of a physician and dieticians or nurses trained to focus on weight loss and maintenance. Whereas increasing daily physical activity and regular exercise does not significantly effect the rate of weight loss in the induction phase, it plays an important role in the weight maintenance phase due to an impact on daily energy expenditure and also to a direct enhancement of insulin sensitivity.

scholarly journals Effects of Cotadutide on Metabolic and Hepatic Parameters in Adults with Overweight or Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A 54-Week Randomized Phase 2b Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajaa Nahra ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Kishore M. Gadde ◽  
Jan Oscarsson ◽  
Michael Stumvoll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Glucagon Receptor ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Design And Methods

<a><b>Objective: </b></a>Cotadutide, a <a>dual GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist</a>, is under development for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and type 2 diabetes. The effects of cotadutide on hepatic and metabolic parameters were evaluated in participants with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes. <p><b>Research Design and Methods:</b> In this phase 2b study, 834 adults with BMI ≥25kg/m<sup>2</sup> and type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin (glycated hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] of 7.0%─10.5% [53─91 mmol/mol]) were randomized to double-blind cotadutide 100µg (n=100), 200µg (n=256), or 300µg (n=256), placebo (n=110), or open-label liraglutide 1.8mg (n=110), all administered subcutaneously (NCT03235050). Coprimary endpoints were changes in HbA1c and body weight at week 14.<b> </b>The originally randomized interventions were continued to week 54.<b> </b>Liver damage biomarkers and liver fibrosis algorithms were assessed.</p> <p><b>Results</b>: Cotadutide significantly decreased HbA1c and body weight at weeks 14 and 54 versus placebo (all <i>P</i><0.001). Improvements in lipid profile, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels, <a>PRO-C3 level, fibrosis-4 index</a>, and <a>nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score</a> were observed with cotadutide 300µg versus placebo, but not with liraglutide. Weight loss with cotadutide 200µg was similar to liraglutide 1.8mg, and greater with cotadutide 300µg versus liraglutide 1.8mg. <a>The most common adverse events with cotadutide (nausea, 35%; vomiting, 17%) decreased over time. </a></p> <p><b>Conclusions: </b>Cotadutide treatment for 54 weeks improved glycemic control and weight loss in participants with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes. Ad hoc analyses demonstrated improvements in hepatic parameters and support further evaluation of cotadutide in NASH. </p>

Abstract 11616: Effect of a Lifestyle Weight Loss Intervention on Visceral Fat and Glycemic Control Among Individuals With and Without Type 2 Diabetes

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soohyun Nam ◽  
Soohyun Nam ◽  
Devon A Dobrosielski ◽  
Kerry J Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Weight Loss Diet

Background: Though a high amount of visceral fat is associated with insulin resistance, which can lead to type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), less is known about whether lifestyle modification (weight loss diet and exercise) induced changes in visceral fat are associated with improvements in glycemia. Methods: We randomized 77 individuals aged 35-65 years with T2D or pre-diabetes to 6-months of weight loss diet (D); or D combined with supervised moderate-intensity exercise training (D+E). Study measures were total abdominal, visceral and subcutaneous fat volumes by magnetic resonance imaging, aerobic fitness expressed as VO 2 peak during treadmill testing, body mass index (BMI), and HbA1c levels from blood samples. Results: Of 77 subjects (mean age, 54.8±7.8 years; mean BMI, 34.5 ± 4.7 kg/m 2 , women, 77.9%; Whites-65%, Blacks-34%, Asians-1%), n=37 had T2D and n=40 had pre-diabetes. At 6 months, both D and D+E groups improved from baseline (p<0.05 for all) but did not differ in their changes for body weight (D: -6.04 ± 4.54 kg; D+E: -6.68 ± 4.48 kg, p= 0.61 for the group differences in change), abdominal total fat (D: -101.93 ± 68.67 cm 2 ; D+E:-104.16 ± 72.37 cm 2 , p= 0.92), visceral fat (D:-25.53 ± 39.44 cm 2 ; D+E:,-23.24 ± 35.62 cm 2 , p=0.85), HbA1c (D:0.04 ± 0.46%; D+E:0.03 ± 0.63%, p=0.96), and VO 2 peak (D: 2.26 ± 3.92 ml/kg/min ; D+E:3.71 ± 2.65 ml/kg/min, p=0.11). In a multivariate analysis, adjusting for baseline visceral fat, T2D status, body weight loss and increases in aerobic fitness, a reduction in HbA1c (β=-0.49, p =0.007) was associated with a reduction in visceral fat (R 2 =0.34, p=0.02). Conclusion: The key finding was that diet or diet plus exercise-mediated reductions in visceral fat was associated with reduced HbA1c among individuals with T2D or pre-diabetes. These data contribute to growing body of evidence of the benefits of reducing abdominal obesity, in this case, resulting in better glycemic control in T2D and pre-diabetes.

Is there a metabolic rationale to support a weight loss programme to prevent diabetes?

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S12-S17
Author(s):  
Mike Lean
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Ideal Body Weight ◽  
Gastric Surgery ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Weight Loss Programme ◽  
Intervention Trials ◽  
Prevention Of Diabetes

It is well established that the incidences of type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance are very low at ideal body weight (body mass index [BMI] 21—22 kg/m2) but increases with increasing body fat and BMI. Adipose tissue is an active endocrine organ which secretes many hormones involved in the regulation of body weight and appetite, including leptin and tumour necrosis factor-alpha, which are related to diabetes development. Weight loss is an important goal within the overall management of diabetes, and recent intervention trials have established that the benefits of weight loss may extend to the prevention of diabetes itself. Weight loss associated with diet and exercise in the DPP and the FDPS, by the anti-obesity drug orlistat in the XENDOS trial, and by gastric surgery in the SOS study all significantly reduced the incidence of diabetes compared with controls. The prevention or reversal of obesity is therefore an increasingly important therapeutic target in the prevention of type 2 diabetes.

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