scholarly journals Dietary unsaturated fatty acids in type 2 diabetes: higher levels of postprandial lipoprotein on a linoleic acid-rich sunflower oil diet compared with an oleic acid-rich olive oil diet

Diabetes Care ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1472-1477 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Madigan ◽  
M. Ryan ◽  
D. Owens ◽  
P. Collins ◽  
G. H. Tomkin
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Postprandial Lipoprotein

scholarly journals Studying the Physicochemical Properties and Isolation of Unsaturated Fatty Acids from Edible Oils by GC-MS and Argentated Silica Gel Chromatography

2021 ◽  
pp. 346-362
Author(s):  
Salim Najmaldain Saber ◽  
Hikmat Ali Mohamad ◽  
Madzlan Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Acid Methyl

The core objective of this study was to investigate the physicochemical characteristics and fatty acid composition of the oils of sunflower, olive, virgin coconut and ginger oils, as well as the separation of their unsaturated fatty acids. The data indicated a significant variation in physicochemical properties (acid, saponification, ester, and iodine values) among oils. Transesterification process was carried out at a molar ratio of 1:7:0.1 of oil: methanol: KOH. Fatty acid methyl esters of oils were analyzed by infrared (IR) and gas chromatography–mass (GC-MS) spectrometry. Twelve fatty acids were identified, where the major fatty acid of  olive oil was found to be  oleic acid (89%), whereas those of sunflower and ginger oils were linoleic acid (80.9 %) and (79.3 %), respectively. Sunflower and olive oils were fractionated by 25% silver nitrate-impregnated silica gel column chromatography. By this method, linoleic acid methyl ester from sunflower and oleic acid methyl ester from olive oil were isolated with high purity percentages and yields. This study is significant for the development of food and pharmaceutical products.

scholarly journals Inhibition of steroid 5α-reductase by specific aliphatic unsaturated fatty acids

1992 ◽  
Vol 285 (2) ◽  
pp. 557-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Liang ◽  
S Liao
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Binding Assay ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Undecylenic Acid ◽  
Gamma Linolenic Acid ◽  
Enzymic Assay

Human or rat microsomal 5 alpha-reductase activity, as measured by enzymic conversion of testosterone into 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone or by binding of a competitive inhibitor, [3H]17 beta-NN-diethulcarbamoyl-4-methyl-4-aza-5 alpha-androstan-3-one ([3H]4-MA) to the reductase, is inhibited by low concentrations (less than 10 microM) of certain polyunsaturated fatty acids. The relative inhibitory potencies of unsaturated fatty acids are, in decreasing order: gamma-linolenic acid greater than cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid = cis-6,9,12,15-octatetraenoic acid = arachidonic acid = alpha-linolenic acid greater than linoleic acid greater than palmitoleic acid greater than oleic acid greater than myristoleic acid. Other unsaturated fatty acids such as undecylenic acid, erucic acid and nervonic acid, are inactive. The methyl esters and alcohol analogues of these compounds, glycerols, phospholipids, saturated fatty acids, retinoids and carotenes were inactive even at 0.2 mM. The results of the binding assay and the enzymic assay correlated well except for elaidic acid and linolelaidic acid, the trans isomers of oleic acid and linoleic acid respectively, which were much less active than their cis isomers in the binding assay but were as potent in the enzymic assay. gamma-Linolenic acid had no effect on the activities of two other rat liver microsomal enzymes: NADH:menadione reductase and glucuronosyl transferase. gamma-Linolenic acid, the most potent inhibitor tested, decreased the Vmax. and increased Km values of substrates, NADPH and testosterone, and promoted dissociation of [3H]4-MA from the microsomal reductase. gamma-Linolenic acid, but not the corresponding saturated fatty acid (stearic acid), inhibited the 5 alpha-reductase activity, but not the 17 beta-dehydrogenase activity, of human prostate cancer cells in culture. These results suggest that unsaturated fatty acids may play an important role in regulating androgen action in target cells.

scholarly journals A Research on Determination of Some Properties of Butter Made from Creams Extracted from Whey and Milk

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Asya Çetinkaya
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Milk Whey ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
Butter Production

In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of some production parameters on the characteristics of butters made from whey, which is an important dairy by-product, and creams obtained from milk. The acidity values of milk, whey, cream, and butter were respectively detected as 0.17±0.00%, 0.13±0.01%, 0.22±0.01%, 0.24±0.01%, 0.26±0.00%, 0.25±0.01%, fat values were respectively detected as; 3.50±0.14%, 0.60±0.19%, 39.0±0.34%, 43.0±0.35%, 80.0±0.46%, 84.0±0.42% and protein values were respectively detected as; 3.30±0.19%, 0.68±0.03%, 0.93±0.12%, 0.54±0.03%, 0.51±0.02%, 0.58±0.00%. 10 saturated and 7 unsaturated fatty acids were detected in cream and whey butter samples. It was seen that the most common fatty acids were palmitic, stearic, myristic and oleic acid, and the amount of oleic, stearic and linoleic acid was higher in whey butter. In conclusion, we can state that whey, which is an important dairy residue, can be used as an alternative raw material in butter production.

scholarly journals Quantitative Trait Loci and Candidate Genes Associated with Fatty Acid Content of Watermelon Seed

2014 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Meru ◽  
Cecilia McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Watermelon Seed

Seed oil percentage (SOP) and fatty acid composition of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) seeds are important traits in Africa, the Middle East, and Asia where the seeds provide a significant source of nutrition and income. Oil yield from watermelon seed exceeds 50% (w/w) and is high in unsaturated fatty acids, a profile comparable to that of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and soybean (Glycine max) oil. As a result of novel non-food uses of plant-derived oils, there is an increasing need for more sources of vegetable oil. To improve the nutritive value of watermelon seed and position watermelon as a potential oil crop, it is critical to understand the genetic factors associated with SOP and fatty acid composition. Although the fatty acid composition of watermelon seed is well documented, the underlying genetic basis has not yet been studied. Therefore, the current study aimed to elucidate the quality of watermelon seed oil and identify genomic regions and candidate genes associated with fatty acid composition. Seed from an F2 population developed from a cross between an egusi type (PI 560023), known for its high SOP, and Strain II (PI 279261) was phenotyped for palmitic acid (16:0), stearic acid (18:0), oleic acid (18:1), and linoleic acid (18:2). Significant (P < 0.05) correlations were found between palmitic and oleic acid (0.24), palmitic and linoleic acid (–0.37), stearic and linoleic acid (–0.21), and oleic and linoleic acid (–0.92). A total of eight quantitative trait loci (QTL) were associated with fatty acid composition with a QTL for oleic and linoleic acid colocalizing on chromosome (Chr) 6. Eighty genes involved in fatty biosynthesis including those modulating the ratio of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were identified from the functionally annotated genes on the watermelon draft genome. Several fatty acid biosynthesis genes were found within and in close proximity to the QTL identified in this study. A gene (Cla013264) homolog to fatty acid elongase (FAE) was found within the 1.5-likelihood-odds (LOD) interval of the QTL for palmitic acid (R2 = 7.6%) on Chr 2, whereas Cla008157, a homolog to omega-3-fatty acid desaturase and Cla008263, a homolog to FAE, were identified within the 1.5-LOD interval of the QTL for palmitic acid (R2 = 24.7%) on Chr 3. In addition, the QTL for palmitic acid on Chr 3 was located ≈0.60 Mbp from Cla002633, a gene homolog to fatty acyl- [acyl carrier protein (ACP)] thioesterase B. A gene (Cla009335) homolog to ACP was found within the flanking markers of the QTL for oleic acid (R2 = 17.9%) and linoleic acid (R2 = 21.5%) on Chr 6, whereas Cla010780, a gene homolog to acyl-ACP desaturase was located within the QTL for stearic acid (R2 = 10.2%) on Chr 7. On Chr 8, another gene (Cla013862) homolog to acyl-ACP desaturase was found within the 1.5-LOD interval of the QTL for oleic acid (R2 = 13.5%). The genes identified in this study are possible candidates for the development of functional markers for application in marker-assisted selection for fatty acid composition in watermelon seed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that aimed to elucidate genetic control of the fatty acid composition of watermelon seed.

scholarly journals Dietary fats and mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes: analysis in two population based cohort studies

BMJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. l4009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Jiao ◽  
Gang Liu ◽  
Hyun Joon Shin ◽  
Frank B Hu ◽  
Eric B Rimm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Mortality ◽  
Disease Mortality

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the association of dietary fatty acids with cardiovascular disease mortality and total mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes.DesignProspective, longitudinal cohort study.SettingHealth professionals in the United States.Participants11 264 participants with type 2 diabetes in the Nurses’ Health Study (1980-2014) and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986-2014).ExposuresDietary fat intake assessed using validated food frequency questionnaires and updated every two to four years.Main outcome measureTotal and cardiovascular disease mortality during follow-up.ResultsDuring follow-up, 2502 deaths including 646 deaths due to cardiovascular disease were documented. After multivariate adjustment, intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was associated with a lower cardiovascular disease mortality, compared with total carbohydrates: hazard ratios comparing the highest with the lowest quarter were 0.76 (95% confidence interval 0.58 to 0.99; P for trend=0.03) for total PUFAs, 0.69 (0.52 to 0.90; P=0.007) for marine n-3 PUFAs, 1.13 (0.85 to 1.51) for α-linolenic acid, and 0.75 (0.56 to 1.01) for linoleic acid. Inverse associations with total mortality were also observed for intakes of total PUFAs, n-3 PUFAs, and linoleic acid, whereas monounsaturated fatty acids of animal, but not plant, origin were associated with a higher total mortality. In models that examined the theoretical effects of substituting PUFAs for other fats, isocalorically replacing 2% of energy from saturated fatty acids with total PUFAs or linoleic acid was associated with 13% (hazard ratio 0.87, 0.77 to 0.99) or 15% (0.85, 0.73 to 0.99) lower cardiovascular disease mortality, respectively. A 2% replacement of energy from saturated fatty acids with total PUFAs was associated with 12% (hazard ratio 0.88, 0.83 to 0.94) lower total mortality.ConclusionsIn patients with type 2 diabetes, higher intake of PUFAs, in comparison with carbohydrates or saturated fatty acids, is associated with lower total mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality. These findings highlight the important role of quality of dietary fat in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and total mortality among adults with type 2 diabetes.

Tribological Properties of Physisorbed, Unsaturated Fatty Acids

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ruths ◽  
S. Lundgren ◽  
K. Danerlo¨v ◽  
K. Persson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Surface Forces ◽  
Surface Forces Apparatus ◽  
Friction Forces ◽  
Linear Friction ◽  
Very High ◽  
Lateral Friction

We have measured normal and lateral (friction) forces across films of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with the Surface Forces Apparatus (SFA). When adsorbed onto mica from n-hexadecane, linoleic acid forms a dimer layer between monolayer-covered surfaces. This dimer layer, which is not observed in stearic or oleic acid, is removed at low loads. The remaining linoleic acid monolayers are thinner than the ones formed by stearic and oleic acid, and show a more complex friction response with two regimes of linear friction, higher stability at very high loads, and a dependence of the friction on sliding speed and adsorption time.

An overview of dietary supplements on obesity and type 2 diabetes: efficacy and mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohong Liu ◽  
Xin Zeng ◽  
Wen Liu ◽  
Yanrong Lu ◽  
Jingqiu Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Dietary Therapy ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Bioactive Ingredients

: Obesity is a common nutritional disorder, associated with a variety of chronic diseases, among them, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has emerged as a serious worldwide health problem. Insulin resistance and β cell dysfunction are the main pathological characteristics of T2DM, and obesity and hyperlipidemia are the critical causal factors. It is commonly accepted that dietary factors are of paramount importance in the management of obesity and T2DM. Particularly, many botanic products and their extracts are endowed with a wide spectrum of biological activities, making them extensively studied as anti-obesity and anti-diabetes dietary supplements or new drug candidates. In this review, we aimed to summarize the effects, related mechanisms, and safety issues of dietary continents on obesity and T2DM, to provide theoretical support for better research and development of dietary therapy strategy for the treatment of obesity and T2DM. Based on a bunch of clinical investigations, specific carbohydrates and fatty acids, such as dietary fibers, polysaccharides, unsaturated fatty acids, have hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. Vitamin D plays important role in metabolism and immunity modulation. Apart from them, natural bioactive ingredients from plants, such as flavonoids, polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, polysaccharides, and quinones are efficient in helping weight loss and improving insulin sensitivity and glycemic control. They can protect β cell function by anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and anti-apoptosis properties, as well as regulating lipid metabolism. Therefore, promoting the consumption of diverse natural bioactive ingredients-rich products could be an effective nutritional strategy to benefit patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Abstract MP42: Dietary Linoleic Acid Intake Is Inversely Associated With Type 2 Diabetes Risk In Three Large Prospective Cohort Studies Of U.s. Men And Women.

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geng Zong ◽  
Gang Liu ◽  
Anne J Wanders ◽  
Marjan Alssema ◽  
Peter L Zock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Refined Carbohydrates

Introduction: Recent studies reported inverse associations between circulating levels of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk, although whether intake of these fatty acids is associated T2D risk remains to be elucidated. Hypothesis: We examined the hypothesis that long-term intake of n-6 PUFAs, especially linoleic acid (LA), is associated with lower T2D risk. Methods: Diet was assessed using validated food-frequency questionnaires every 4 years in women participating in Nurses' Health Study (NHS, n=83,648) and NHSII (n=88,610), and men participating in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (n=41,771). Incident T2D was identified by self-report and confirmed by a supplemental questionnaire. Results: N-6 PUFAs accounted for 4.7-6.8% total energy on average, and 98% of n-6 PUFA intake was from LA. We identified 18,442 T2D cases during 4.93 million person-years of follow-up. In multivariate-adjusted models, HRs (95%CIs) of T2D comparing extreme quintiles (high vs low) were 0.92 (0.88, 0.97; P trend =0.01) for LA intake, and 1.14 (1.08, 1.20; P trend <0.001) for arachidonic acid (AA) intake. It was further estimated that T2D risk were 6% lower when SFAs (2% of total energy) were iso-calorically replaced by LA intake ( table below). For each 2% energy from LA intake, T2D risk was 17% lower for iso-calorically replacing trans fats, and 4% lower for iso-calorically replacing total carbohydrates, and refined carbohydrates (All P values <0.05). These findings remained after adjusting for baseline BMI instead updated BMI, further adjusting for incident hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, or placing a 4-year lag between dietary assessments and disease incidence. Conclusion: Higher LA consumption is associated with a lower T2D risk, especially when substituting for SFAs, trans fats, or refined carbohydrates. AA mainly comes from poultry and meats, and is associated with higher T2D risk.

scholarly journals Plasma phospholipid and dietary fatty acids as predictors of type 2 diabetes: interpreting the role of linoleic acid

2007 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison M Hodge ◽  
Dallas R English ◽  
Kerin O'Dea ◽  
Andrew J Sinclair ◽  
Maria Makrides ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Plasma Phospholipid ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Comparison of Biochemical Properties of the Original and Newly Identified Oleate Hydratases from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Woo-Ri Kang ◽  
Min-Ju Seo ◽  
Kyung-Chul Shin ◽  
Jin-Byung Park ◽  
Deok-Kun Oh
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acids ◽  
Plant Oils ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oleate Hydratase

ABSTRACT Oleate hydratases (OhyAs) catalyze the conversion of unsaturated fatty acids to 10-hydroxy fatty acids, which are used as precursors of important industrial compounds, including lactones and ω-hydroxycarboxylic and α,ω-dicarboxylic acids. The genes encoding OhyA and a putative fatty acid hydratase in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were identified by genomic analysis. The putative fatty acid hydratase was purified and identified as an oleate hydratase (OhyA2) based on its substrate specificity. The activity of OhyA2 as a holoenzyme was not affected by adding cofactors, whereas the activity of the original oleate hydratase (OhyA1) showed an increase. Thus, all characterized OhyAs were categorized as either OhyA1 or OhyA2 based on the activities of holoenzymes upon adding cofactors, which were determined by the type of the fourth conserved amino acid of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-binding motif. The hydration activities of S. maltophilia OhyA2 toward unsaturated fatty acids, including oleic acid, palmitoleic acid, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, and γ-linolenic acid, were greater than those of OhyA1. Moreover, the specific activity of S. maltophilia OhyA2 toward unsaturated fatty acids, with the exception of γ-linolenic acid, was the highest among all reported OhyAs. IMPORTANCE All characterized OhyAs were categorized as OhyA1s or OhyA2s based on the different properties of the reported and newly identified holo-OhyAs in S. maltophilia upon the addition of cofactors. OhyA2s showed higher activities toward polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, and γ-linolenic acid, than those of OhyA1s. This suggests that OhyA2s can be used more effectively to convert plant oils to 10-hydroxy fatty acids because plant oils contain not only oleic acid but also PUFAs. The hydration activity of the newly identified OhyA2 from S. maltophilia toward oleic acid was the highest among the activity levels reported so far. Therefore, this enzyme is an efficient biocatalyst for the conversion of plant oils to 10-hydroxy fatty acids, which can be further converted to important industrial materials.

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