Elimination of Stray Forces from Tire Dynamics Measurements or Beware the Backpath

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald R. Potts
Keyword(s):  
Force Measurement ◽  
Warning System ◽  
External Noise ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Endurance Test ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Impact Forces ◽  
Vehicle Operation ◽  
Tire Dynamics ◽  
Spindle Vibration

ABSTRACT The forces that enter the mounted tire spindle of laboratory-type tire dynamics test machines include the following items: (1) direct tire-generated forces, tire nonuniformities, and tread pattern vibrations; (2) direct tire-transmitted rough road surface or cleat impact forces; (3) direct machine resonance-amplified versions of items 1 and 2; (4) machine frame backpath-transmitted versions of items 1–3; (5) dynamic loadcell crosstalk; (6) external noise from foundation vibrations; and (7) adjacent load station vibrations traveling through the machine frame. Although items 1 and 2 are sought in spindle vibration measurements, items 3–7 are also included in the mix and confound the measurement, confusing the analyst into thinking that machine properties are tire properties. Not only do items 3–6 not exist in vehicle operation but also comparison of results from one test machine to another can be an exercise in comparing machine to machine, not tire to tire. Tire dynamics measurements should simulate tires in roadway operation, not create a whole new set of problems that do not exist in vehicles. Elimination of item 7 paved the way to developing a tire failure warning system that operates on tire endurance test machines and can be adapted for operation on passenger vehicles to warn the driver of tire trouble. This article develops the theory of stray force measurement, describes a method for eliminating stray forces from experimental tire dynamics data, and provides experimental verification of the effectiveness of these methods.

scholarly journals The 22 December 2018 Mount Anak Krakatau Volcanogenic Tsunami on Sunda Strait Coasts, Indonesia: tsunami and damage characteristics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Mumtaz Luthfi ◽  
Anawat Suppasri ◽  
Louise K. Comfort ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Tsunami Warning ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Tsunami Warning System ◽  
Drag Forces ◽  
Impact Forces ◽  
Volcanic Processes ◽  
Different Characteristics

Abstract. On 22 December 2018, a tsunami was generated from the Mount Anak Krakatau area that was caused by volcanic flank failures. The tsunami had severe impacts on the western coast of Banten and the southern coasts of Lampung in Indonesia. A series of surveys to measure the impacts of the tsunami was started three days after the tsunami and lasted ten days. Immediate investigations allowed the collection of relatively authentic images of the tsunami impacts before the clearing process started. This article investigates the impacts of the 2018 Sunda Strait tsunami on the affected areas and presents an analysis of the impacts of pure hydrodynamic tsunami forces on buildings. Impacts of the tsunami were expected to exhibit different characteristics than those found following the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami in Aceh. Data was collected from 117 flow depths along the Banten and Lampung coasts. Furthermore, 98 buildings or houses were assessed for damage. Results of this study revealed that the flow depths were higher in Banten than in Lampung. Directions of the tsunami arrays created by the complex bathymetry around the strait caused these differences. Tsunami-induced damage to buildings was mostly the result of impact forces and drag forces. Damping forces could not be associated with the damages. The tsunami warning system in Indonesia should be extended to anticipate non-seismic tsunamis, such as landslides and volcanic processes driven by tsunamis. Lack of a tsunami warning during the first few minutes after the generation of the first wave led to a significant number of human casualties at both of the affected areas.

scholarly journals The 22 December 2018 Mount Anak Krakatau volcanogenic tsunami on Sunda Strait coasts, Indonesia: tsunami and damage characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 549-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Mumtaz Luthfi ◽  
Anawat Suppasri ◽  
Louise K. Comfort ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Tsunami Warning ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Tsunami Warning System ◽  
Drag Forces ◽  
Impact Forces ◽  
Volcanic Processes ◽  
Different Characteristics

Abstract. On 22 December 2018, a tsunami was generated from the Mount Anak Krakatau area that was caused by volcanic flank failures. The tsunami had severe impacts on the western coast of Banten and the southern coasts of Lampung in Indonesia. A series of surveys to measure the impacts of the tsunami was started 3 d after the tsunami and lasted for 10 d. Immediate investigations allowed the collection of relatively authentic images of the tsunami impacts before the clearing process started. This article investigates the impacts of the 2018 Sunda Strait tsunami on the affected areas and presents an analysis of the impacts of pure hydrodynamic tsunami forces on buildings. Impacts of the tsunami were expected to exhibit different characteristics than those found following the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami in Aceh. Data were collected from 117 flow depths along the Banten and Lampung coasts. Furthermore, 98 buildings or houses were assessed for damage. Results of this study revealed that the flow depths were higher in Banten than in Lampung. Directions of the tsunami arrays created by the complex bathymetry around the strait caused these differences. Tsunami-induced damage to buildings was mostly the result of impact forces and drag forces. Damping forces could not be associated with the damage. The tsunami warning system in Indonesia should be extended to anticipate non-seismic tsunamis, such as landslides and volcanic processes driven by tsunamis. The lack of a tsunami warning during the first few minutes after the generation of the first wave led to a significant number of human casualties in both of the affected areas.

scholarly journals The impact of roof box on fuel consumption

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-32
Author(s):  
František Synák ◽  
◽  
Vladimír Rievaj
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Financial Costs ◽  
Vehicle Operation ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Criteria Pollutant Emissions

Passenger vehicles are major petroleum consumers and contributors of greenhouse gas and criteria pollutant emissions in many countries around the world. The amount of fuel consumed affects the environment, status of health of human population as well as financial costs that are associated with vehicle operation. The roof box is one of the often used vehicle attachments. The aim of the paper is to measure the increase of fuel consumption affected by an installed roof box. The impact of roof box on the increase of fuel consumption is measured at the speeds of 50 km.h-1, 90 km.h-1 and 130 km.h-1. The introduction of the paper describes particular harmful constituents of exhaust gases and their effects. Another part of the article includes the methodology of measurement and its results. The last part of the article involves the evaluation of results and recommendations relating to reduction of the increase of fuel consumption affected by roof box.

scholarly journals The influence of modern information systems on the operation of passenger vehicles

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 211-215
Author(s):  
Piotr Gorzelańczyk ◽  
Łukasz Kaczmarek
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Road Users ◽  
It Systems ◽  
Vehicle Operation ◽  
Modern Information ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Modern Technologies

Automotive industry is growing thanks to the use of modern technologies. The impact of vehicle operation on the environment and safety is significant. Controlling the vehicle's work by IT systems reduces the negative effects on the environment and improves the safety of road users. It depends mainly on the decisions made by drivers, while IT systems help them take them right.

scholarly journals Experimental measurements of flood-induced impact forces on exposed elements

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 05005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Sturm ◽  
Bernhard Gems ◽  
Florian Keller ◽  
Bruno Mazzorana ◽  
Sven Fuchs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Force Measurement ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Alluvial Fan ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Alluvial Fans ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Impact Forces ◽  
The Impact

Torrential flood hazards are a major threat for inhabited alluvial fans. They have the potential to relocate large amounts of sediment from the upper catchments to settlement areas on the alluvial fans where typically distributary processes take place. The approaching water-sediment-mixture impacting on building walls are part of a set of damage-generating mechanisms and may cause severe damages to buildings and infrastructure. It is difficult to predict the magnitude and temporal forces on buildings due to the complex flow patterns and sediment deposition processes around obstacles on the floodplain. Our work focuses on experimental measurements of impact forces of flood events on buildings at a 1:30 scale model. It covers the alluvial fan of the Schnannerbach torrent (Austria) with a set of building structures which are equipped with force measurement devices. The measured impact forces are correlated to the approaching flow heights. Influencing factors on the impacts forces such as surrounding buildings on the floodplain and the presence of openings in the building envelope are also analysed. The influence of different hydraulic flow patterns on the impact forces and regression analyses for an estimation of impact forces are presented.

Development of an Onboard Automatic Tire-Wear Warning System

2013 ◽  
Vol 284-287 ◽  
pp. 1821-1825
Author(s):  
Yao Jung Shiao ◽  
Chi Wei Shiao ◽  
Chi Shan Shiao
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Bench Test ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
System A ◽  
Vehicle Operation ◽  
Tire Wear

Over worn tires in a vehicle endanger vehicle operation and driving safety. Vehicles with worn tires frequently have flat tires in highway, and then result in fatal traffic accidents. This research developed a RFID-based automatic tire-wear detection system. A tire-wear detection RFID cell, which contains RFID tag, isolation layer and noninterference layer, was buried in specified depth of a tire. The RFID cell can provide a signal to controller to issue a tire-wear warning if the tire is over worn. The wear detection system has benefits of small size, no battery, no maintenance, low cost and low false alarm. Bench test results confirm that this system can achieve real-time and effective detection for worn tires to enhance driving safety.

Food Safety Security: A new Concept for Enhancing Food Safety Measures

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkatesh Iyengar ◽  
Ibrahim Elmadfa
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Strategic Action ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Critical Control Points ◽  
The Impact

The food safety security (FSS) concept is perceived as an early warning system for minimizing food safety (FS) breaches, and it functions in conjunction with existing FS measures. Essentially, the function of FS and FSS measures can be visualized in two parts: (i) the FS preventive measures as actions taken at the stem level, and (ii) the FSS interventions as actions taken at the root level, to enhance the impact of the implemented safety steps. In practice, along with FS, FSS also draws its support from (i) legislative directives and regulatory measures for enforcing verifiable, timely, and effective compliance; (ii) measurement systems in place for sustained quality assurance; and (iii) shared responsibility to ensure cohesion among all the stakeholders namely, policy makers, regulators, food producers, processors and distributors, and consumers. However, the functional framework of FSS differs from that of FS by way of: (i) retooling the vulnerable segments of the preventive features of existing FS measures; (ii) fine-tuning response systems to efficiently preempt the FS breaches; (iii) building a long-term nutrient and toxicant surveillance network based on validated measurement systems functioning in real time; (iv) focusing on crisp, clear, and correct communication that resonates among all the stakeholders; and (v) developing inter-disciplinary human resources to meet ever-increasing FS challenges. Important determinants of FSS include: (i) strengthening international dialogue for refining regulatory reforms and addressing emerging risks; (ii) developing innovative and strategic action points for intervention {in addition to Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) procedures]; and (iii) introducing additional science-based tools such as metrology-based measurement systems.

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