scholarly journals Northern Telangana, an Iron and Crucible Steel Production Landscape in India

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 1030-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian Juleff ◽  
Sriperumbudur Jaikishan ◽  
Sharada Srinivasan ◽  
Srinivas Ranganathan ◽  
Brian Gilmour
Keyword(s):  
Steel Production ◽  
Crucible Steel

Production of Crucible Steel by Co-Fusion: Archaeometallurgical Evidence from the Ninth-Early Tenth Century at the Site of Merv, Turkmenistan

1996 ◽  
Vol 462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Feuerbach ◽  
John F. Merkel ◽  
Dafydd R. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Tenth Century ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Wrought Iron ◽  
Crucible Steel ◽  
Produce Steel ◽  
Early Islamic

ABSTRACTVarious methods were used to produce steel in early Islamic times. According to early Islamic texts, three methods are described for indirect production of steel (fuladh). The methods are solid-state carburization of wrought iron, partial decarburization of cast iron or a high carbon steel, and co-fusion of cast iron with wrought iron. Evidence from a metallurgical workshop at Merv, dated to the ninth-early tenth century A.D., provides an illustration of the co-fusion method of steel production in crucibles. The primary investigations of the crucibles are presented. The crucible slag was found to contain droplets of cast iron and steel and the crucible fabric contains mullite.

The Many and Various Roles of Manganese in Iron and Steel Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 983 ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Paul T. Craddock
Keyword(s):  
Manganese Oxide ◽  
Manganese Oxides ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Manganese Steel ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Steel Making ◽  
Metallic Manganese ◽  
Crucible Steel ◽  
The Many ◽  
Iron And Steel Production

Manganese oxide and metallic manganese have made a long and varied contribution to the production of iron and steel through the centuries, long before Sir Robert Hadfield’s alloy manganese steel first produced in 1882. Although quite well known empirically, this contribution has sometimes been misunderstood or misrepresented.The success of some of the early so-called ‘natural steels’ was the presence of manganese oxides in the iron ores used.Manganese oxide was already used as a flux from the early days of the production of crucible steel in Asia and it now appears that it was used as a flux from the inception of the otherwise very different later European crucible steel technologies. After the introduction of crucible steel making in Britain in the 18th century, foreign competitors believed that the reason for the success of the processes used at Sheffield was a secret flux and studies on recently discovered 18th century crucibles in Sheffield have shown that process was indeed fluxed with manganese oxide.The function of manganese in the later European crucible steel industry has been rather overshadowed and confused historically by the very different ‘Carburet of manganese’, a strange concoction, patented by Josiah Heath in 1839 added to iron or steel to purify the metal. At the time the chemistry of the process was misunderstood and many acrimonious and inaccurate claims were made, crucially confusing the very different functions of manganese oxide and manganese metal, overshadowing the part already played by manganese oxide for almost a century previously..Finally manganese and its salts played a crucial role in the Bessemer process of steel making.

Drying and heating of scrap metal at steelmaking: industrial safety, economics, ecology

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 1353-1258
Author(s):  
V. A. Spirin ◽  
V. E. Nikol’skii ◽  
D. V. Vokhmintsev ◽  
A. A. Moiseev ◽  
P. G. Smirnov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Scrap Metal ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Metal Charge ◽  
Basic Task ◽  
Scrap Heating ◽  
Winter Time

At steel production based on scrap metal utilization, the scrap heating before charging into a melting facility is an important way of energy efficiency increase and ecological parameters improving. In winter time scrap metal charging with ice inclusions into a metal melt can result in a considerable damage of equipment and even accidents. Therefore, scrap preliminary drying is necessary to provide industrial safety. It was shown, that in countries with warm and low-snow climate with no risk of scrap metal icing up during its transportation and storing in the open air, the basic task being solved at the scrap drying is an increase of energy efficiency of steelmaking. InRussiathe scrap metal drying first of all provides the safety of the process and next - energy saving. Existing technologies of scrap metal drying and heating considered, as well as advantages and drawbacks of technical solutions used at Russian steel plants. In winter time during scrap metal heating at conveyers (Consteel process) hot gases penetrate not effectively into its mass, the heat is not enough for evaporation of wetness in the metal charge. At scrap heating by the furnace gases, a problem of dioxines emissions elimination arises. Application of shaft heaters results in high efficiency of scrap heating. However, under conditions of Russian winter the upper scrap layers are not always heated higher 0 °С and after getting into a furnace bath the upper scrap layers cause periodical vapor explosions. The shaft heaters create optimal conditions for dioxines formation, which emit into atmosphere. It was shown, that accounting Russian economic and nature conditions, the metal charge drying and heating in modified charging buckets by the heat of burnt natural gas or other additional fuel is optimal. The proposed technical solution enables to burnt off organic impurities ecologically safely, to melt down ice, to evaporate the wetness in the scrap as well as to heat the charge as enough as the charging logistics enables it. The method was implemented at several Russian steel plants. Technical and economical indices of scrap metal drying in buckets under conditions of EAF-based shop, containing two furnaces ДСП-100, presented.

Factors Affecting the Decision to Apply Material Flows Cost Accounting MFCA in Thai Nguyen Steel Production Enterprises

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Kim Huyen
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Cost Accounting ◽  
Environmental Accounting ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Material Flows ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Legal Documents

Applying the Material Flows Cost Accounting method in Thai Nguyen steel enterprises is one of the solutions to improve the efficiency in the production process, using input materials, and environmental performance, as well as to measure more correctly the production costs based on the change of the price calculation basic. Identifying the factors which affect the decision on applying MFCA to the accounting process of Thai Nguyen steel production enterprises by a direct survey is carried out with 119 accountants and managers working at 13 steel enterprises. The results show that applying MFCA to the accounting process in these enterprises depends on the strategies, capacities, the accounting system of those enterprises, and the system of legal documents related to environmental accounting.

CRUCIBLE CSM #2

Alloy Digest ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Die Casting ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Steel Company ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Alloy Tool ◽  
Crucible Steel

Abstract Crucible CSM #2 is an alloy tool steel recommended for die casting dies and plastic molds. It is usually heat treated to two hardness levels, either 200 Brinell or 300 Brinell. CSM #2 machines readily and polishes easily at both hardness levels. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: TS-210. Producer or source: Crucible Steel Company of America.

CORONA 5 Alloy

Alloy Digest ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Density Ratio ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Steel Company ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Strain Fracture ◽  
Crucible Steel ◽  
Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking

Abstract CORONA 5 is a titanium alloy developed for applications in fracture-controlled aircraft components. Plane strain fracture toughnesses of 110,000 to 150,000 psi sq.rt. in. (120 to 165 MPa sq.rt. m) have been produced in this alloy at 135,00 psi (930 MPa) tensile strength through a variety of different process histories. The specific strength (strength/density ratio) is superior to that of the Ti-6A1-4V alloy. Resistance to fatigue crack propagation and resistance to chloride-stress-corrosion cracking are comparable to those of Ti-6A1-4V. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, microstructure, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness and fatigue. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Ti-70. Producer or source: Crucible Steel Company of America, Titanium Division.

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