Possible role of low magnesium levels in the onset of postoperative hypoparathyroidism following thyroidectomy

Although calcium is an essential mineral for bones, little is known about its effect on inflammatory or oxidative regulation. We hypothesize that calcium plays the role in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) from polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). Our purpose was to determine the relationship of NO and ROS produced from PMNs, taking into account the role of calcium and magnesium in diet. Using flow cytometry, we compared ROS and NO production from PMNs after the stimulation by S. aureus or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). PMNs taken from three murine groups were analyzed: C57BL/6 wild-type mice, low-calcium diet (Low Ca Group), or low-magnesium diet fed for 2 weeks. ROS production at baseline in the Low Ca Group was highest among the groups. PMA- and S. aureus-stimulated ROS production was also highest in the Low Ca Group. On the contrary, NO production at baseline in the Low Ca Group was lowest among the groups, while there was no significant difference among the groups in S. aureus-stimulated PMNs. A low-calcium diet increases ROS production from stimulated PMNs and decreases NO production at baseline. This finding suggests that calcium regulates ROS production from PMNs.

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Magnesium transport in freshwater teleosts

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.201.13.1981 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 201 (13) ◽

pp. 1981-1990 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MJ Bijvelds ◽

JA Velden ◽

ZI Kolar ◽

G Flik

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissues ◽

Sea Water ◽

Molecular Probes ◽

Magnesium Transport ◽

Terrestrial Vertebrates ◽

Magnesium Homeostasis ◽

Low Magnesium ◽

Magnesium Uptake ◽

Total Body

The magnesium handling of freshwater teleost fish is discussed, with an emphasis on the role of branchial, intestinal and renal transport. In response to the eminent threat of constant diffusive losses of minerals such as magnesium, freshwater fish have developed efficient mechanisms for magnesium homeostasis. Magnesium losses are overcome by the uptake of magnesium from the food, making the intestine an important route for magnesium uptake. Some evidence suggests that intestinal magnesium uptake in fish is a regulated, cellular process. The ambient water is an additional magnesium source for fish, implicating the gills as a secondary route for magnesium uptake. Certainly, in some species, direct uptake from the water, probably via branchial routes, ameliorates the effects of a low-magnesium diet. The hard tissues, representing over 50 % of the total body magnesium pool, form a reservoir from which magnesium can be recruited to perform its functions in the cellular metabolism of soft tissues such as muscle. In fish, as in terrestrial vertebrates, the balance of a variety of elements becomes disturbed when the magnesium homeostasis of the soft tissues is disrupted. However, fish appear to be less sensitive than terrestrial vertebrates to these perturbations. Magnesium is reabsorbed in the kidneys to minimise losses. For renal cells, part of a cellular pathway has been elucidated that would allow absorptive magnesium transport (a magnesium conductive pathway in renal brush-border membranes). In some euryhaline teleosts, the kidneys appear to switch instantaneously to rapid magnesium secretion upon magnesium loading, a response common to marine fish that are threatened by diffusive magnesium entry. This enigmatic mechanism underlies the capacity of some euryhaline species to acclimate rapidly to sea water. Despite the progress made over the last decade, much of the cellular and molecular basis of magnesium transport in the gills, intestine and kidneys remains obscure. The application of fluorescent, radioactive and molecular probes, some of which have only recently become available, may yield rapid progress in the field of magnesium research.

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Role of lysosomal channel protein TPC2 in osteoclast differentiation and bone remodeling under normal and low-magnesium conditions

Proceedings for Annual Meeting of The Japanese Pharmacological Society ◽

10.1254/jpssuppl.wcp2018.0_or27-2 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol WCP2018 (0) ◽

pp. OR27-2

Author(s):

Takuya Notomi ◽

Miyuki Kuno ◽

Akiko Hiyama ◽

Tadashige Nozaki ◽

Kiyoshi Ohura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Remodeling ◽

Osteoclast Differentiation ◽

Channel Protein ◽

Low Magnesium

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The role of magnesium in the correction of postoperative hypocalcemia

Clinical endocrinology and endocrine surgery ◽

10.30978/cees-2021-3-40 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 40-44

Author(s):

D. M. Kvitka ◽

V. O. Palamarchuk ◽

S. V. Zemskov ◽

V. A. Smoliar

Keyword(s):

Parathyroid Hormone ◽

Postoperative Period ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Main Group ◽

Ionized Calcium ◽

Observation Group ◽

Postoperative Hypoparathyroidism ◽

Calcium Magnesium ◽

Calcium And Magnesium

Background. The postoperative hypoparathyroidism remains a specific complication in the thyroid surgery. The incidence of iatrogenic hypoparathyroidism ranges from 3.0 % to 31.5 %. The decrease in the level of parathyroid hormone leads to the launch of a cascade of the electrolyte changes. The standard methods for controlling and correcting hypoparathyroidism do not guarantee the prevention of hypocalcemiacases. The role of calcium and magnesium in the conduction of the nerve impulses along muscle fibers is well known. The study of the role of magnesium will enable further correction of the manifestations of postoperative hypoparathyroidism.Aim — to study a relationship between postoperative hypoparathyroidism, changes in calcium-magnesium metabolism and their clinical manifestations; to analyze the effects of hypomagnesemia on the clinical manifestations of hypocalcemia; to study the possibility of correcting calcium-magnesium metabolism in the postoperative period.Materials and methods. The study involved 145 patients operated for the thyroid diseases. The patients were divided into two groups. The main group (n = 73) included the patients who took magnesium medications in the preoperative period for 10—14 days at a dose of 1500—2000 mg/day. In the observation group (n = 72), the patients did not take the magnesium medications. Parameters of the parathyroid hormone, ionized calcium, and magnesium were measured in all patients in the preoperative period and on the first day of the postoperative period. The parathyroid hormones’levels on the first day of postoperative period were ranged into the “ranges”: 1) parathyroid hormone — ≤ 1 pg/ml, 2) parathyroid hormone — 1—5 pg/ml, 3) parathyroid hormone — 5—10 pg/ml, 4) parathyroid hormone — > 10 pg/ml. The clinical manifestations of hypoparathyroidism were assessed on a scale: not pronounced, poorly pronounced, pronounced, sharply pronounced.Results. The correlations were found between the levels of the postoperative magnesium, ionized calcium and parathyroid hormone. In the main group, the number of the pronounced and sharply pronounced manifestations of hypocalcemia was observed in the parathyroid hormone range — ≤ 1 pg/ml. In the observation group, the largest number of the pronounced and sharply pronounced clinical manifestations was recorded in the parathyroid hormone range — ≤ 1 pg/ml, parathyroid hormone — 1—5 pg/ml. In the main group, in comparison with the observation group, the total number of the clinical manifestations of hypocalcemia was lower.Conclusions. There were revealed the positive correlations in the changes in the levels of the parathyroid hormone, ionized calcium and magnesium. It has been proven that uncorrected hypomagnesemia in the early postoperative period can be a predictor of the clinical manifestations of hypoparathyroidism. The correction of the serum magnesium levels in most patients reduces the clinical manifestations of hypocalcemia.

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Role of the PhoP-PhoQ System in the Virulence of Erwinia chrysanthemi Strain 3937: Involvement in Sensitivity to Plant Antimicrobial Peptides, Survival at Acid pH, and Regulation of Pectolytic Enzymes

Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1128/jb.187.6.2157-2162.2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 187 (6) ◽

pp. 2157-2162 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Arancha Llama-Palacios ◽

Emilia López-Solanilla ◽

Pablo Rodríguez-Palenzuela

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Acid Stress ◽

Soft Rot ◽

Erwinia Chrysanthemi ◽

In Planta ◽

Phytopathogenic Bacterium ◽

Low Magnesium ◽

Acid Ph ◽

Key Factor

ABSTRACT Erwinia chrysanthemi is a phytopathogenic bacterium that causes soft-rot diseases in a broad number of crops. The PhoP-PhoQ system is a key factor in pathogenicity of several bacteria and is involved in the bacterial resistance to different factors, including acid stress. Since E. chrysanthemi is confronted by acid pH during pathogenesis, we have studied the role of this system in the virulence of this bacterium. In this work, we have isolated and characterized the phoP and phoQ mutants of E. chrysanthemi strain 3937. It was found that: (i) they were not altered in their growth at acid pH; (ii) the phoQ mutant showed diminished ability to survive at acid pH; (iii) susceptibility to the antimicrobial peptide thionin was increased; (iv) the virulence of the phoQ mutant was diminished at low and high magnesium concentrations, whereas the virulence of the phoP was diminished only at low magnesium concentrations; (v) in planta Pel activity of both mutant strains was drastically reduced; and (vi) both mutants lagged behind the wild type in their capacity to change the apoplastic pH. These results suggest that the PhoP-PhoQ system plays a role in the virulence of this bacterium in plant tissues, although it does not contribute to bacterial growth at acid pH.

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HYPOMAGNESEMIA IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS: ROLE OF LOW MAGNESIUM DIALYSATE AND PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS

American Journal of Kidney Diseases ◽

10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.01.038 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 63 (5) ◽

pp. B24

Keyword(s):

Proton Pump Inhibitors ◽

Proton Pump ◽

Hemodialysis Patients ◽

Low Magnesium

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa relA Contributes to Virulence in Drosophila melanogaster

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.72.10.5638-5645.2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 72 (10) ◽

pp. 5638-5645 ◽

Cited By ~ 87

Author(s):

David L. Erickson ◽

J. Louise Lines ◽

Everett C. Pesci ◽

Vittorio Venturi ◽

Douglas G. Storey

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Stringent Response ◽

Laboratory Strain ◽

Homoserine Lactone ◽

Nutritional Deficiencies ◽

Low Magnesium ◽

Sensing Systems ◽

Enhanced Production ◽

Cystic Fibrosis Isolate

ABSTRACT The stringent response is a mechanism by which bacteria adapt to nutritional deficiencies through the production of the guanine nucleotides ppGpp and pppGpp, produced by the RelA enzyme. We investigated the role of the relA gene in the ability of an extracellular pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, to cause infection. Strains lacking the relA gene were created from the prototypical laboratory strain PAO1 as well as the mucoid cystic fibrosis isolate 6106, which lacks functional quorum-sensing systems. The absence of relA abolished the production of ppGpp and pppGpp under conditions of amino acid starvation. We found that strains lacking relA exhibited reduced virulence in a D. melanogaster feeding assay. In conditions of low magnesium, the relA gene enhanced production of the cell-cell signal N-[3-oxododecanoyl]-l-homoserine lactone, whereas relA reduced the production of the 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone signal during serine hydroxamate induction of the stringent response. In the relA mutant, alterations in the Pseudomonas quinolone system pathways seemed to increase the production of pyocyanin and decrease the production of elastase. Deletion of relA also resulted in reduced levels of the RpoS sigma factor. These results suggest that adjustment of cellular ppGpp and pppGpp levels could be an important regulatory mechanism in P. aeruginosa adaptation in pathogenic relationships.

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Connexin36 Gap Junction Blockade Is Ineffective at Reducing Seizure-Like Event Activity in Neocortical Mouse Slices

Epilepsy Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2010/310753 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Logan J. Voss ◽

Noortje Mutsaerts ◽

James W. Sleigh

Keyword(s):

Gap Junctions ◽

Gap Junction ◽

Population Activity ◽

Low Magnesium ◽

Artificial Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Seizure Models ◽

Neocortical Slice ◽

Neocortical Seizures ◽

Anticonvulsant Effects

Despite much research, there remains controversy over the role of gap junctions in seizure processes. Many studies report anticonvulsant effects of gap junction blockade, but contradictory results have also been reported. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of connexin36 (Cx36) gap junctions in neocortical seizures. We used the mouse neocortical slice preparation to investigate the effect of pharmacological (mefloquine) and genetic (Cx36 knockout mice (Cx36KO)) manipulation of Cx36 gap junctions on two seizure models: low-magnesium artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) and aconitine perfusion in low-magnesium ACSF. Low-magnesium- (nominally zero) and aconitine- (230 nM) induced seizure-like event (SLE) population activity was recorded extracellularly. The results were consistent in showing that neither mefloquine (25 μM) nor genetic knockdown of Cx36 expression had anticonvulsant effects on SLE activity generated by either method. These findings call into question the widely held idea that open Cx36 gap junctions promote seizure activity.

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Role of the 2018 American Thyroid Association statement on postoperative hypoparathyroidism: a 5-year retrospective study

BMC Surgery ◽

10.1186/s12893-021-01333-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yuxuan Qiu ◽

Zhichao Xing ◽

Yuan Fei ◽

Yuanfan Qian ◽

Yan Luo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Parathyroid Hormone ◽

Independent Risk Factor ◽

Tumor Location ◽

Central Neck Dissection ◽

American Thyroid Association ◽

Postoperative Hypoparathyroidism ◽

Independent Risk Factors

Abstract Background Definitions of postoperative hypoparathyroidism (hypoPT) have never reached consent until the American Thyroid Association (ATA) statement was released, with new characteristics and challenges. Methods Patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma who underwent primary total thyroidectomy between January 2013 and June 2018 were retrospectively enrolled. Symptoms of hypocalcemia and their frequency were stringently followed. Patients were divided into groups according to the ATA statement. Incidence of postoperative hypoPT and serum parathyroid hormone levels accompanied by calcium levels, from 1-day to at least 24-month follow-up. Results A total of 1749 patients were included: 458 (26.2%) had transient and 63 (3.6%) had permanent hypoPT. Transient hypoPT was found in 363 (20.7%) patients with biochemical hypoPT, 72 (4.1%) with clinical hypoPT, and 23 (1.3%) with relative hypoPT; permanent hypoPT was detected in 8 (0.5%) patients with biochemical hypoPT, 55 (3.1%) with clinical hypoPT, and none with relative hypoPT. Female sex, age ≥ 55 years, unintentional parathyroid gland resection, and autotransplantation of ≥ 2 parathyroid glands were independent risk factors for transient biochemical hypoPT. Age ≥ 55 years, bilateral central neck dissection, and isthmus tumor location were independent risk factors for transient clinical hypoPT. A postoperative 1-day percentage of parathyroid hormone (PTH) reduction of > 51.1% was an independent risk factor for relative hypoPT (odds ratio, 4.892; 95% confidence interval, 1.653–14.480; P = 0.004). No independent risk factor for permanent hypoPT was found. Conclusion ATA diagnostic criteria for postoperative hypoPT are of great value in differentiating patients by hypocalcemia symptoms and choosing corresponding clinical assistance; however, they may underestimate the actual incidence.

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