scholarly journals Obesity and kidney stone disease: a systematic review

Author(s):  
Antonio Carbone ◽  
Yazan Al Salhi ◽  
Andrea Tasca ◽  
Giovanni Palleschi ◽  
Andrea Fuschi ◽  
...  
2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yee Wong ◽  
Paul Cook ◽  
Paul Roderick ◽  
Bhaskar K. Somani

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 729-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Geraghty ◽  
Silvia Proietti ◽  
Olivier Traxer ◽  
Matthew Archer ◽  
Bhaskar K. Somani

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supp1) ◽  
pp. S92-S103
Author(s):  
Kithmini Nadeeshani Gamage ◽  
◽  
Enakshee Jamnadass ◽  
Sadaf Karim Sulaiman ◽  
Amelia Pietropaolo ◽  
...  

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4270
Author(s):  
Yazeed Barghouthy ◽  
Mariela Corrales ◽  
Bhaskar Somani

Objectives: Kidney stone disease (KSD) has a strong association with diet metabolic syndrome. This review aims at exploring the lithogenic risk posed by the current most popular diets. Our approach was to search for the effect of each diet type on the major urinary risk factors, to try to draw conclusions regarding the association of a specific diet type and KSD. Methods: This systematic review searched for the available literature exploring the association between the existing popular fad diets and KSD. Articles in English, French and Spanish were included, without restriction of the search period with the final search done in August 2021. Results: Total number of studies and studies for each diet type was as follows: 22 articles for the low carbohydrate diet, 20 articles for high protein diets, 26 articles for vegetarian and vegan diets. There exists a substantial variability in different low carbohydrate and high protein diets, and considerable overlap between modern popular fad diets. High carbohydrate intake might increase urine uric acid, calcium and oxalate levels. High protein diets increase urine calcium and uric acid and lower urine pH and citrate. Consumption of fruits and vegetables increases the urinary volume and urinary citrate. In vegan diets, sufficient daily calcium intake is important to avoid possible secondary hyperoxaluria. Conclusions: Few studies evaluated the direct relationship between modern fad diets and KSD. In general, the reduction of carbohydrate in the diet, and counterbalancing protein rich diets with sufficient intake of fruits and vegetables, seem to play a protective role against KSD formation. Maintaining sufficient calcium intake in vegan and vegetarian diets is important. Additional research is needed to directly evaluate the link between KSD and each diet type.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Premakumar ◽  
N. Gadiyar ◽  
B. M. Zeeshan Hameed ◽  
D. Veneziano ◽  
B. K. Somani

Abstract Purpose of review We aim to provide an up-to-date literature review to further characterise the association of kidney stone disease (KSD) with gastrointestinal (GI) surgery. As KSD is associated with significant morbidity, it is important to quantify and qualify this association to provide better care and management for the patient subgroup. Objective To perform a systematic review of the existing literature to evaluate the association of KSD following GI surgery. Methods A literature search was performed of the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Google Scholar, Key Urology, Uptodate and Cochrane Trials from January 2000 to June 2020. Recent Findings A total of 106 articles were identified, and after screening for titles, abstracts and full articles, 12 full papers were included. This involved a total of 9299 patients who underwent primary GI surgery. Over a mean follow-up period of 5.4 years (range: 1–14.4 years), 819 (8.8%) developed KSD, varying from 1.2 to 83% across studies. The mean time to stone formation was approximately 3 years (range: 0.5–9 years). In the 4 studies that reported on the management of KSD (n = 427), 38.6% went on to have urological intervention. Summary There is a high incidence of KSD following primary GI surgery, and after a mean follow-up of 3 years, around 9% of patients developed KSD. While the GI surgery was done for obesity, inflammatory bowel disease or cancer, the risk of KSD should be kept in mind during follow-up, and prompt urology involvement with metabolic assessment, medical and or surgical management offered as applicable.


BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e032094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Geraghty ◽  
Abdihakim Abdi ◽  
Bhaskar Somani ◽  
Paul Cook ◽  
Paul Roderick

DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies was performed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for studies reporting on diabetes mellitus (DM) or metabolic syndrome (MetS) and kidney stone disease (KSD).ObjectiveTo examine the association between chronic hyperglycaemia, in the form of DM and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in the context of MetS and KSD.SettingPopulation-based observational studies. Databases searched: Ovid MEDLINE without revisions (1996 to June 2018), Cochrane Library (2018), CINAHL (1990 to June 2018), ClinicalTrials.gov, Google Scholar and individual journals including the Journal of Urology, European Urology and Kidney International.ParticipantsPatients with and without chronic hyperglycaemic states (DM and MetS).Main outcome measuresEnglish language articles from January 2001 to June 2018 reporting on observational studies. Exclusions: No comparator group or fewer than 100 patients. Unadjusted values were used for meta-analysis, with further meta-regression presented as adjusted values. Bias was assessed using Newcastle-Ottawa scale.Results2340 articles were screened with 13 studies included for meta-analysis, 7 DM (three cohort) and 6 MetS. Five of the MetS studies provided data on IGT alone. These included: DM, n=28 329; MetS, n=31 767; IGT, n=12 770. Controls: DM, n=5 89 791; MetS, n=1 78 050; IGT, n=2 93 852 patients. Adjusted risk for DM cohort studies, RR=1.23 (0.94 to 1.51) (p<0.001). Adjusted ORs for: DM cross-sectional/case-control studies, OR=1.32 (1.21 to 1.43) (p<0.001); IGT, OR=1.26 (0.92 to 1.58) (p<0.0001) and MetS, OR=1.35 (1.16 to 1.54) (p<0.0001). There was no significant difference between IGT and DM (cross-sectional/case-control), nor IGT and MetS. There was a moderate risk of publication bias. Statistical heterogeneity remained significant in adjusted DM cohort values and adjusted IGT (cross-sectional/case-control), but non-signficant for adjusted DM (cross-sectional/case-control).ConclusionChronic hyperglycaemia increases the risk of developing kidney stone disease. In the context of the diabetes pandemic, this will increase the burden of stone related morbidity and mortality.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018093382


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