scholarly journals Fortellinger om død, verdsetting av liv

2020 ◽  
pp. 157-171
Author(s):  
Jan Grue
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Assisted Dying ◽  
Value Judgments ◽  
Large Audience ◽  
Newspaper Articles

Assisted dying is, almost by definition, a dramatic topic. Thus it can also be dramatised, both in fiction and in media coverage. Stories, whether they are bestseller books like Jojo Moyes’ Me Before You or newspaper articles that spread virally, can reach a large audience. Stories also serve as indirect arguments. By depicting how assisted dying might or ought to work, they also express a normative stance on reality. This chapter investigates the patterns of some culturally central narratives of assisted dying, and questions the value judgments expressed in them. It also raises the question of which premises for further debate are brought about by such stories – premises about the assessment and valuation of human life.

Climate Change and Sustainability Issues in Indian Newspapers

2020 ◽  
pp. 189-206
Author(s):  
Nirmala Thirumalaiah ◽  
Arul Aram I.
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Human Life ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
The Public ◽  
Daily Newspapers ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Change Communication ◽  
Regional Newspapers ◽  
The Times

Climate change conferences had wide media coverage – be it on newspaper, radio, television or the internet. The terms such as ‘climate change', ‘global warming', and ‘El Nino' are gaining popularity among the public. This study examines the news coverage of climate change issues in the major daily newspapers—The Times of India, The Hindu in English, and the Dina Thanthi, Dinamalar, and Dinamani in regional language (Tamil)—for the calendar years 2014 and 2015. This chapter describes how climate change influences nature and human life, and it is the basis for social and economic development. The news coverage of climate change and sustainability issues helps the reader better understand the concepts and perspectives of environment. Climate change communication in regional newspapers and local news stories may increase the public's interest and knowledge level regarding climate change and sustainability issues.

scholarly journals (A86) Emergency Department Patient Presentations during the 2009 Heatwave in Adelaide

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. s24-s25 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mayner ◽  
P. Arbon
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Emergency Department Patient ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Global Media ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Icd Codes

BackgroundRecordings of heatwaves date back to the early 1900s and usually are associated with high mortality. In Australia, heatwaves have been the major cause of natural hazard-related deaths. Heatwaves usually do not carry the global media coverage associated with other disasters, and frequently, are referred to as silent disasters. The main impact of heatwaves is on health and human life.ObjectivesPreliminary results are presented for the 2009 heatwave, investigating the emergency department patient presentations from three public hospitals in Adelaide, a city in the central southern area of Australia.MethodsDemographic and syndromic data were obtained from emergency department records. Ethics permission was obtained prior to data collection. Heatwave conditions occurred from 26 January–07 February 2009. Two non-heatwave periods were day-matched approximately two weeks before and after the heatwave. Data were analyzed by age groups, gender, and ICD codes for chronic conditions.ResultsThe two largest groups of people presenting were between 15 and 64 years of age and > 75 years of age during the heatwave and non-heatwave periods. During the heatwave period, both groups had significant increases in patient presentation related to renal problems (ICD 10: N000-N3999) and dehydration and hyperthermia (ICD10: E86, T67). The latter syndrome was far more accentuated during the heatwave, with emergency department patient presentations rising from 2 (non heatwave) to 62 presentations for the 15 and 64 years cohort and from 4 (non heatwave) to 91 for the > 75 years cohort. Cardiovascular- and respiratory-related presentations showed slight increases during the heatwave, while mental health had high presentations for the 15–64 year cohort throughout heatwave and non heatwave periods.ConclusionsBoth young and older people were affected by heatwave, and precautionary warning should be used throughout the community to alert people of the dangers underlying extreme heat conditions.

scholarly journals The influence of the newspaper media on the corporate governance practices of Irish listed PLCs

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-274
Author(s):  
Louise Gorman ◽  
Theo Lynn ◽  
Mark Mulgrew
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
News Media ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Boards Of Directors ◽  
Newspaper Coverage ◽  
Share Price ◽  
Shareholder Protection ◽  
Governance Practices ◽  
Company Directors ◽  
Newspaper Articles

While a great deal of research has focused on the factors driving adoption of codes of best practice in corporate governance, only recently has the influence of the news media been considered. Corporate governance literature has largely converged upon internal monitoring and shareholder activist strategies as methods of shareholder protection following the decline of the market for corporate control. Commentators and activists alike have generally neglected the opportunity for an independent party, which watches over the management of companies, to guard shareholders’ interests. Ireland is just one country where the value of media coverage of corporate governance violations to: (i) shareholders, (ii) policymakers and (iii) company directors has not been assessed. This paper investigates the reaction of these groups to newspaper coverage of corporate governance violations so as to determine the influence of the newspaper media on the corporate governance practices of public limited companies (plcs) listed on the Irish Stock Exchange. Using newspaper articles, media activity was analysed and measured in 15 instances of corporate governance violations and the relationships between this activity and the actions and behaviours of investors, policymakers and company directors as indicated by stock market data8, government reports9 and newspaper articles respectively were examined. Evidence from this study suggests that the Irish newspaper media influences (i) the boards of directors of Irish listed plcs, in that subsequent newspaper articles report reformatory measures taken by the boards in the vast majority of companies in the sample; (ii) the government authorities who are responsible for the legislative and regulatory infrastructure in which they operate, with statistical evidence of increases in government attention to corporate governance issues following increased newspaper coverage of theses issues and (iii) the investing decisions of investors in Irish listed plcs, with statistical verification of a relationship between movements in share price and volumes of newspaper articles relating to corporate governance violations by listed companies.

scholarly journals Ethics in physician-assisted dying and euthanasia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (30) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Brandi McKinnon ◽  
Menfil Orellana-Barrios
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Assisted Dying ◽  
Active Euthanasia ◽  
Value Conflicts ◽  
Passive Euthanasia ◽  
Training Support ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Medical Societies ◽  
Physician Assisted Dying

The definitions of physician-assisted dying, passive euthanasia, and active euthanasia arereviewed. The ethical implications of physician-assisted dying are also examined. Proponentsargue that physician-assisted dying is a more respectful and dignified way for terminally illpatients to die. However, opponents claim that physician-assisted dying devalues human life,which should be treasured and protected. A majority of the general population and physicianssupport physician-assisted dying, but there is a need for medical societies to develop training,support, and implementation standards to aid physicians in this process. Ethics committee’smay help fill this gap and provide institutional resources and mediation of value conflicts.

scholarly journals Behavioural Artificial Intelligence: An Agenda for Systematic Empirical Studies of Artificial Inference

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Pedersen ◽  
Christian Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Artificial Intelligent ◽  
The Public ◽  
Computer Scientists ◽  
Intelligent Behavior

Artificial Intelligence (AI) receives attention in media as well as in academe and business. In media coverage and reporting, AI is predominantly described in contrasted terms, either as the ultimate solution to all human problems or the ultimate threat to all human existence. In academe, the focus of computer scientists is on developing systems that function, whereas philosophy scholars theorize about the implications of this functionality for human life. In the interface between technology and philosophy there is, however, one imperative aspect of AI yet to be articulated: How do intelligent systems make inferences? We use the overarching concept “Artificial Intelligent Behaviour” which would include both cognition/processing and judgment/behaviour. We argue that due to the complexity and opacity of Artificial Inference, one needs to initiate systematic empirical studies of artificial intelligent behavior similar to what has previously been done to study human cognition, judgment and decision making. This will provide valid knowledge, outside of what current computer science methods can offer, about the judgments and decisions made by intelligent systems. Moreover, outside academe – in the public as well as the private sector – expertise in epistemology, critical thinking and reasoning are crucial to ensure human oversight of the artificial intelligent judgments and decisions that are made, because only competent human insight into AI-inference processes will ensure accountability. Such insights require systematic studies of AI-behaviour founded on the natural sciences and philosophy, as well as the employment of methodologies from the cognitive and behavioral sciences.

Livestock and Climate Change

2016 ◽  
pp. 75-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Mayes
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Change Policy ◽  
Newspaper Articles

A global shift away from diets dominated by meat, dairy and eggs to mainly plant-based diets is as necessary in mitigating anthropogenic climate change as the shift away from fossil fuels. Yet a large awareness gap exists about animal agriculture's contribution to greenhouse gas emissions. Recent studies in Australia and the United States show this issue is represented in less than 1 percent of all newspaper articles about climate change. This chapter examines the opportunities and barriers in addressing the livestock sector's impact on climate change. Policy recommendations in the literature are compared with the responses of governments, industry and the NGO sector. Australia's unique socioeconomic and cultural ties to livestock production and the consumption of animal products represent a significant barrier to demand-side mitigation. An analysis of newspaper articles mentioning animal agriculture's link to climate change in The Sydney Morning Herald between 2006 and 2014 provides insights into the facilitation and shaping of public awareness on the issue to date. The findings can inform strategies to increase future media coverage and encourage a more engaged discourse on demand-side mitigation.

scholarly journals UK print media coverage of the food bank phenomenon: from food welfare to food charity?

2014 ◽  
Vol 116 (9) ◽  
pp. 1426-1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Wells ◽  
Martin Caraher
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Print Media ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Food Banks ◽  
Food Bank ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Newspaper Articles

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore how British print media have reported the emergence of food banks in the UK. Design/methodology/approach – The research uses the news database Nexis and focuses on the period since the global financial crisis in 2007 in nine national UK print media titles. The search criteria included mention of the term food bank at least three times in the newspaper article and a UK focus. This resulted in 190 usable articles from the newspapers. Findings – There were no UK-focused newspaper articles before 2008 and few until 2012 when the number increased dramatically. A key theme in reporting was increasing numbers of food banks and users of them. The data most often cited were from the Christian charity The Trussell Trust which runs a franchise system of food banks. There were clusters of newspaper articles indicating a common source. Few of the articles used direct quotes from current food bank users. A “frame contest” appeared in 2013/early 2014 with newspaper articles reporting both changes in welfare provision and the proliferation of food banks as the reason for the increase in food banks and food bank use. Tensions emerged between three key sets of players: government ministers, church leaders and The Trussell Trust as the key provider of food banks in England. Research limitations/implications – The authors only examined newspapers, the reporting in other media may be different. Practical implications – The media reporting of food poverty and the use of food banks has the potential to influence public perceptions and policy. Originality/value – This is the first study to look at how food banks are reported by the media.

scholarly journals Media Depictions of “Unacceptable” Workplace Violence Toward Nurses

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 57-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise P. Hoyle ◽  
Emma Smith ◽  
Catherine Mahoney ◽  
Richard G. Kyle
Keyword(s):  
Workplace Violence ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Online News ◽  
Nurse Leaders ◽  
British Broadcasting Corporation ◽  
Recruitment And Retention ◽  
News Reporting ◽  
Qualitative Thematic Analysis ◽  
The Face ◽  
Newspaper Articles

Violence and aggression toward nurses are global concerns. Despite repeated research on causal factors and widespread zero tolerance campaigns, rates of violence and aggression have not declined. Violence and aggression toward nurses can negatively affect their health and ultimately patient care. Media reporting of violence and aggression toward nurses might shape people’s perceptions of the profession, perhaps impeding nurse recruitment and retention efforts in the face of global nursing shortages. The purpose of this study was to determine how print media in Scotland depicted reports of violence and aggression toward nurses. We used qualitative thematic analysis of newspaper articles and online news reporting of incidents of violence and aggression toward nurses between June 1, 2006 and May 31, 2016. Searches of Nexis and British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) News Online databases returned 92 relevant newspaper articles. Standards for reporting qualitative research informed presentation of results. Key themes included blame (of perpetrator or senior management), helplessness (of nurses specifically or victimization), culture (social or organizational), and prevention and reduction measures. We concluded that media coverage of violence and aggression was overwhelmingly negative and reductionist. Normalization of violence and aggression was an accepted and acceptable part of the nursing role. We conclude with recommendations for policy and call for nurse leaders to challenge this culture of acceptability, especially to support recruitment and retention of nursing staff.

scholarly journals Framing migration and the process of crimmigration: A systematic analysis of the media representation of unauthorized immigrants in the Netherlands

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelmer Brouwer ◽  
Maartje van der Woude ◽  
Joanne van der Leun
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Media Representation ◽  
Popular Belief ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Media Attention ◽  
The Media ◽  
Newspaper Articles

In this article we examine whether the proposal to criminalize illegal stay in the Netherlands was preceded by increased negative media attention for unauthorized immigrants. Using a corpus linguistics approach, we carried out a quantitative discourse analysis of all newspaper articles on unauthorized migrants over a period of 15 years. Our results show that the amount of media coverage actually strongly decreased in the years before the proposal, and this coverage was moreover increasingly less negative. This study thus nuances the somewhat popular belief that unauthorized migrants are increasingly portrayed in negative ways and shows that the framing of migrants as criminals is a more diffuse process in which the media seem to follow rather than fuel politics and policy.

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