scholarly journals The Center for Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Lima Barreto ◽  
Maria Yuri Ichihara ◽  
Bethania de Araujo Almeida ◽  
Marcos Ennes Barreto ◽  
Liliana Cabral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Knowledge Integration ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Interdisciplinary Studies ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
The Impact

The Center for Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS) was created in 2016 in Salvador (Bahia, Brazil). This paper aims to present a profile of CIDACS, including its current databases. CIDACS aims to conduct interdisciplinary studies and research, develop new scientific methodology and promote professional training using linked large-scale databases and high-performance computational resources in a secure environment. Administrative data is at the core of the activities conducted by CIDACS. The advantages of administrative data include significantly larger sample sizes, an inherent longitudinal structure and high-quality information. The center’s research projects are primarily focused on enhancing the understanding surrounding the impact of social protection policies (e.g., public cash-transfer and housing programs) on health outcomes in low-income populations throughout Brazil. CIDACS’ primary data source is citizens who register with the Cadastro Único program, which encompasses individuals eligible to receive benefits from over 20 governmental social programs. CIDACS has two separate environments for data handling: 1) Data Production Center, a secure room housing the computational infrastructure for ingesting, storing, cleaning, processing and linking original databases, as well as extracting research-ready datasets and 2) Data Analysis Environment, a computational infrastructure based on data safe haven principles, which allows researchers to access and process requested datasets. Brazil has a large public health community that uses national health and social databases for research programs, and the linkage of different databases has been a widely employed practice in the country. CIDACS is the result of efforts by researchers, policymakers and public health officials to use and improve the quality of Brazilian health databases. CIDACS is expected to be an important resource for researchers and policymakers interested in improving the evidence base in different aspects of health, as well as with regard to the social determinants of health and the effects of social and environmental policies on health in general.

scholarly journals The Impact of a Conditional Cash Transfer on Multidimensional Deprivation of Young Women: Evidence from South Africa’s HTPN 068

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 (3) ◽  
pp. 865-895
Author(s):  
Kelly Kilburn ◽  
Lucia Ferrone ◽  
Audrey Pettifor ◽  
Ryan Wagner ◽  
F. Xavier Gómez-Olivé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Poverty Measurement ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Multidimensional Deprivation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Despite the growing popularity of multidimensional poverty measurement and analysis, its use to measure the impact of social protection programs remains scarce. Using primary data collected for the evaluation of HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 068, a randomized, conditional cash transfer intervention for young girls in South Africa that ran from 2011 to 2015, we construct an individual-level measure of multidimensional poverty, a major departure from standard indices that use the household as the unit of analysis. We construct our measure by aggregating multiple deprivation indicators across six dimensions and using a system of nested weights where each domain is weighted equally. Our findings show that the cash transfer consistently reduces deprivations among girls, in particular through the domains of economic agency, violence, and relationships. These results show how social protection interventions can improve the lives of young women beyond single domains and demonstrate the potential for social protection to simultaneously address multiple targets of the SDGs.

scholarly journals Linking health and social data in Brazil: challenges and potentials for public health research

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Barreto
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Linked Data ◽  
Knowledge Integration ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Health research using linked routine population-based data collected for non-research purposes has increased in recent years. In Brazil, the Centre for Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS-Fiocruz) was created in 2016 in Salvador with the objective of integrating data to answer research questions related to public health. In CIDACS, efforts are made to obtain high-quality linked data while adhering to security, ethical use and privacy issues. Efforts have been made to conduct operations with respect to implementing the appropriate structures, processes and controls over the original and integrated datasets in order to provide relevant data for research purposes. Two different cohorts have been constructed. The “100 Million Brazilian Cohort” comprises of individuals registered in a National Social Register from 2001 linked to data from different social protection programs ('exposures') and outcomes from various health-related Brazilian National databases (deaths, births, infectious diseases). The main aim is to explore the impact of social protection programs on health using natural experiment approaches. By studying the effect of social policies, they increase our possibilities to explore links between the social and economic determinants and health. The CIDACS Birth Cohort is also a population-based cohort derived from linked data, developed to investigate the relationships between prenatal and early life events on health-related outcomes for infants and children, in the context of social inequalities. The overall objective is to research the effect of obstetric and prenatal conditions on birth, growth, morbidity, and survival in a dynamic cohort. CIDACS is expected to be an important resource for researchers and policymakers interested in enhancing the evidence base pertaining to different aspects of health, as well as investigating the role of social determinants of health and the potential effects of social and environmental policies on health.

scholarly journals Cash transfers and child nutritional outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. e003621
Author(s):  
James Manley ◽  
Yarlini Balarajan ◽  
Shahira Malm ◽  
Luke Harman ◽  
Jessica Owens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Animal Source Foods ◽  
Animal Source ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Households With Children ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundCash transfer (CT) programmes are implemented widely to alleviate poverty and provide safety nets to vulnerable households with children. However, evidence on the effects of CTs on child health and nutrition outcomes has been mixed. We systematically reviewed evidence of the impact of CTs on child nutritional status and selected proximate determinants.MethodsWe searched articles published between January 1997 and September 2018 using Agris, Econlit, Eldis, IBSS, IDEAS, IFPRI, Google Scholar, PubMed and World Bank databases. We included studies using quantitative impact evaluation methods of CTs with sample sizes over 300, targeted to households with children under 5 years old conducted in countries with gross domestic product per capita below US$10 000 at baseline. We conducted meta-analysis using random-effects models to assess the impact of CT programmes on selected child nutrition outcomes and meta-regression analysis to examine the association of programme characteristics with effect sizes.ResultsOut of 2862 articles identified, 74 articles were eligible for inclusion. We find that CTs have significant effects of 0.03±0.03 on height-for-age z-scores (p<0.03) and a decrease of 2.1% in stunting (95% CI −3.5% to −0.7%); consumption of animal-source foods (4.5%, 95% CI 2.9% to 6.0%); dietary diversity (0.73, 95% CI 0.28 to 1.19) and diarrhoea incidence (−2.7%, 95% CI −5.4% to −0.0%; p<0.05). The effects of CTs on weight-for-age z-scores and wasting were not significant (0.02, 95% CI −0.03 to 0.08; p<0.42) and (1.2%, 95% CI: −0.1% to 2.5%; p<0.07), respectively. We found that specific programme characteristics differentially modified the effect on the nutrition outcomes studied.ConclusionWe found that CT programmes targeted to households with young children improved linear growth and contributed to reduced stunting. We found that the likely pathways were through increased dietary diversity, including through the increased consumption of animal-source foods and reduced incidence of diarrhoea. With heightened interest in nutrition-responsive social protection programmes to improve child nutrition, we make recommendations to inform the design and implementation of future programmes.

Assessing the Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP) program as a conditional income transfer: a search for a conceptual framework

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alhassan Abdul-Wakeel Karakara ◽  
Ernest Amoabeng Ortsin
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Poor

Purpose Ghana has implemented different kinds of pro-poor program and policies since its independence to reduce poverty. The Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP) is one of such program. LEAP is a social cash transfer program and its implementation has been under the auspices of the Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection since 2008. It provides direct cash and health insurance coverage for extremely poor households across the country to alleviate short-term poverty and encourage long-term human capital development. This paper examines the LEAP program in terms of how it has achieved its aim and the opportunities for improvement.Design/methodology/approach Primary data were obtained from interviews of 110 beneficiaries of the program. The study proposes a conceptual framework that links poverty reduction and social policies to assist researchers analyze pro-poor or social cash transfer program.Findings The findings show that the program is challenged with administrative bureaucracies, irregular inflow of funds, perceived political interferences, inconsistent implementation strategies and low value of the cash transfer (which results in little or no impact on consumption). However, the data also show that LEAP has positive impacts on nonconsumption spending like children's schooling. The program' exit strategy does not impact much on beneficiaries to allow them exit without the tendency of being poor.Practical implications This paper discussed the LEAP program as a social cash transfer to the poor in Ghana. The study constructed a conceptual framework to help researchers and practitioners analyze the implementation of pro-poor interventions. This conceptualization allows for cash transfer program to empower beneficiaries and exits them to allow for other beneficiaries to enroll, ensuring reduction in poverty over time. Generally, the beneficiaries have benefited from the LEAP in the areas of consumption, education and healthcare with few beneficiaries being able to accumulate some few assets. The LEAP program has no exit plan.Originality/value This study adds to literature by offering a conceptual framework to help researchers and policy makers in dealing with social assistance policies to the poor. The study also gave an insight into how pro-poor policy strategies could be crafted.

Effects of Government-Implemented Cash Plus Model on Violence Experiences and Perpetration Among Adolescents in Tanzania, 2018‒2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 (12) ◽  
pp. 2227-2238
Author(s):  
Tia Palermo ◽  
Leah Prencipe ◽  
Lusajo Kajula ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Percentage Points

Objectives. To examine the impacts of a government-implemented cash plus program on violence experiences and perpetration among Tanzanian adolescents. Methods. We used data from a cluster randomized controlled trial (n = 130 communities) conducted in the Mbeya and Iringa regions of Tanzania to isolate impacts of the “plus” components of the cash plus intervention. The panel sample comprised 904 adolescents aged 14 to 19 years living in households receiving a government cash transfer. We estimated intent-to-treat impacts on violence experiences, violence perpetration, and pathways of impact. Results. The plus intervention reduced female participants’ experiences of sexual violence by 5 percentage points and male participants’ perpetration of physical violence by 6 percentage points. There were no intervention impacts on emotional violence, physical violence, or help seeking. Examining pathways, we found positive impacts on self-esteem and participation in livestock tending and, among female participants, a positive impact on sexual debut delays and a negative effect on school attendance. Conclusions. By addressing poverty and multidimensional vulnerability, integrated social protection can reduce violence. Public Health Implications. There is high potential for scale-up and sustainability, and this program reaches some of the most vulnerable and marginalized adolescents. (Am J Public Health. 2021;111(12):2227–2238. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306509 )

scholarly journals The impact of a cash transfer programme on tuberculosis treatment success rate: a quasi-experimental study in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e001029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J Carter ◽  
Rhian Daniel ◽  
Ana W Torrens ◽  
Mauro N Sanchez ◽  
Ethel Leonor N Maciel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Treatment Success Rate ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundEvidence suggests that social protection policies such as Brazil’s Bolsa Família Programme (BFP), a governmental conditional cash transfer, may play a role in tuberculosis (TB) elimination. However, study limitations hamper conclusions. This paper uses a quasi-experimental approach to more rigorously evaluate the effect of BFP on TB treatment success rate.MethodsPropensity scores were estimated from a complete-case logistic regression using covariates from a linked data set, including the Brazil’s TB notification system (SINAN), linked to the national registry of those in poverty (CadUnico) and the BFP payroll.ResultsThe average effect of treatment on the treated was estimated as the difference in TB treatment success rate between matched groups (ie, the control and exposed patients, n=2167). Patients with TB receiving BFP showed a treatment success rate of 10.58 percentage points higher (95% CI 4.39 to 16.77) than patients with TB not receiving BFP. This association was robust to sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsThis study further confirms a positive relationship between the provision of conditional cash transfers and TB treatment success rate. Further research is needed to understand how to enhance access to social protection so to optimise public health impact.

scholarly journals Does a Different Household Registration Affect Migrants’ Access to Basic Public Health Services in China?

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Household Registration ◽  
Career Training ◽  
Permanent Settlement ◽  
The Impact

On the basis of the China Migrants Dynamic Survey Data of 2015, the author provides an analysis of how a different household registration impacts migrants’ access to preventive care provided by public health services, such as health records and medical knowledge, in areas of immigration. This study shows that eliminating the distinction between agricultural and non-agricultural permanent residence registration could raise the rate of establishing health files, but it has no significant effect on migrants’ health knowledge. In fact, encouraging those with non-agricultural registration to move to different counties that belong to the same city or to different cities that belong to the same province can notably eliminate the impact of a different household registration status. Improving the income level of low-income migrants can have the same impact. Recommendations to enable migrants to obtain basic public health services include abolishing the separation of agricultural and non-agricultural household registration, increasing the permanent settlement rate of resident migrants, promoting basic medical security systems across the whole country, strengthening career training, and enhancing the education level of migrants.

scholarly journals Impact of an excise tax on the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages in Catalonia, Spain

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Royo Bordonada ◽  
C Fernández Escobar ◽  
L Simón ◽  
B Sanz Barbero ◽  
J Padilla
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Beverage Consumption ◽  
Excise Tax ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption is contributing to the obesity epidemic. On 28 March 2017, Catalonia enacted a law levying an excise tax on sugar-sweetened beverages for public health reasons. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of the tax on the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages in Catalonia (Spain). Methods Before-and-after study to assess changes in the prevalence of consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages among 1929 persons aged 12 to 40 years residing in low-income neighbourhoods of Barcelona (intervention) and Madrid (control). Beverage consumption frequency was ascertained via a validated questionnaire administered during the month prior to the tax’s introduction (May 2017) and again at one year after it had come into force. The effect of the tax was obtained using Poisson regression models with robust variance. Results While the prevalence of regular consumers of taxed beverages fell by 41% in Barcelona as compared to Madrid, the prevalence of consumers of untaxed beverages remained stable. The main reason cited by more than two-thirds of those surveyed for reducing their consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages was the increase in price, followed by a heightened awareness of their health effects. Conclusions The introduction of the Catalonian excise tax on sugar-sweetened beverages was followed by a reduction in the prevalence of regular consumers of taxed beverages. Key messages This is the first study to show the efficacy of the Catalonian excise tax to reduce the prevalence of regular consumers of sugar sweetened beverages by residents of low-income neighbourhoods in Spain. Our results, along with the remaining scientific evidence on the subject, would justify the extension of the measure to the rest of Spain for public health reasons.

Extending social protection to persons with disabilities: Exploring the accessibility and the impact of the Disability Fund on the lives of persons with disabilities in Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwell Peprah Opoku ◽  
William Nketsia ◽  
Elvis Agyei-Okyere ◽  
Wisdom Kwadwo Mprah
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Government ◽  
Political Units ◽  
The Impact

In many low-income countries, persons with disabilities are consistently denied access to essential services, contributing to a high incidence of poverty among them. The Goal 1 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) exhorts countries to develop appropriate social protection to serve as a springboard to alleviate poverty among all persons. The government of Ghana has introduced Disability Fund to provide one-off financial support to persons with disabilities through its decentralised political units. This is to enable persons with disability to participate in socio-economic activities. However, after a decade of the establishment of the fund, anecdotal evidence still shows that many persons with disabilities continue to live in deplorable conditions. Therefore, the main aim of this qualitative study was to explore the beneficial impact of the fund on the lives of persons with disabilities in Ghana. A semi-structured interview guide was used to collect data from 48 participants, comprising 20 males and 28 females with disabilities. The narratives from the participants revealed that only a few were able to access the fund. In their quest to access the fund, participants encountered barriers, such as lack of information, delays in disbursement and insufficient funds. The findings underscore the need for re-evaluation of the administration of Disability Fund and its disbursement processes. The implications of the findings for policy reform are extensively discussed.

scholarly journals Impact of Cyclone on Livelihood Pattern in the South Western Coastal Region of Bangladesh: Pirojpur

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Dilara Nasrin ◽  
Mahmuda Binte Latif ◽  
Shamim Al Mamun ◽  
Reyad Hossain Arif ◽  
Muliadi Muliadi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Food Habit ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
The Impact

This research was carried out to assess the impact of cyclone on livelihood pattern in Pirojpur district, Bangladesh during January to June, 2017. The study was both qualitative and quantitative type. The primary data were collected using randomly sampling method (42+42+42=126 respondents) from Tushkhali, Bhitabaria and Pattashi villages of Pirojpur district. The secondary data were collected from different journals, articles, books, official documents, thesis papers and also daily newspapers etc. From the study it was observed that monthly income of  middle (4001-8000 tk) and high (8001-above tk) income groups ware decreased by 5% and 0.92% respectively while low income people (1-4000 tk) was increased due to decrease of production after Sidr. On the other hand, expenditure ability of low and middle income groups was decreased. Sidr has created a great impact on human health, livestock, fisheries, food habit, crop production and occupation pattern of the affected people. Respondent’s houses were damaged partially (66.78%), 33.22% completely and cultivated land 28.57 % completely by Sidr in study area. Respondents of the study area said that the production of rice (8%), chili (12%), and vegetables (11%) were reduced due to saline water entrance into the crop field after Sidr. Affected people were migrated (temporary 23.10%, local 25% and internal 26.10%) from Pirojpur to Dhaka (53%), Pirojpur to other places (47%) on the post Sidr due to loss of houses, shelters, cultivated land and lack of job opportunity. Among all factors of temporary migration, water logging was the first reason of migrating people of the study area. 

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