scholarly journals As mulheres do Harvard College Observatory: Henrietta Swan Leavitt - a mulher que descobriu como medir a distância das galáxias

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Magali Conceição De Barros
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Harvard College ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
Photographic Record ◽  
History Of ◽  
Harvard College Observatory ◽  
Relationship Of

ResumoNo final do século XIX e início do século XX, algumas mudanças ocorreram na área da astronomia, entre elas, o desenvolvimento técnico/tecnológico, o aparecimento de novos observatórios e juntamente com eles o aperfeiçoamento dos telescópios e a introdução da fotografia na astronomia, que possibilitou o registro das observações que antes eram feitas através de desenhos. Outra mudança que ocorreu foi a entrada de mulheres na astronomia, o registro fotográfico de observações astronômicas permitiu, que em um ambiente masculino, mulheres pudessem adentrar e fazer suas pesquisas, pois embora não lhes fosse permitido fazer observações noturnas elas poderiam utilizar as chapas fotográficas. Para exemplificar a importância do trabalho feminino nesta época, vamos mostrar a pesquisa e de Henrietta Swan Leavitt que descobriu a Relação Período-Luminosidade de Estrelas Variáveis.Palavras-chave: História da Ciência; Mulheres  na Astronomia; Régua Cósmica; Henrietta Swan Leavitt; Relação Período-luminosidade.AbstractIn the late 19th  and early 20th, some changes occurred in the area of astronomy, among them technical / technological development, the appearance of new observatories and together with them the improvement of telescopes and the introduction of photography in astronomy that made possible the registration from earlier observations made through drawings. Another change that occurred was the entry of women into astronomy, the photographic record of astronomical observations allowed that in a masculine environment women could enter and do their research, because although they were not allowed to make nocturnal observations they could use photographic plates. To exemplify the importance of female work at this time, let's show the research and from Henrietta Swan Leavitt who discovered the Period-Luminosity Relationship of Variable Stars.Keywords: History of Science; Women in Astronomy; Cosmic Ruler; Henrietta Swan Leavitt; Period-luminosity relationship.

scholarly journals KONSEP ILMU PENGETAHUAN SYED HUSSEIN NASHR: SUATU TELAAH RELASI SAINS DAN AGAMA

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Syarif Hidayatullah
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
Western World ◽  
Grand Narrative ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Sacred Values ◽  
History Of ◽  
Islamic Science ◽  
Relationship Of

Syed Hussein Nashr is one of the leading scholars in the field of science and religion relations,  especially in Islamic  world. A study on Nashr’s thought in this field is an important and necessary effort to understand one of the aspects that contribute particualrly to the development of sciences in the Islamic world, and in the Western world generally. The article aims to understand (1) Syed Hussein Nashr’s concept on science? And (2) the relevance of Nashr’s concept on science to the development of discourses in science and religion? This study focuses on Nashr’sconcept on science and its relevance to the development of the science and religion discourse. This study deploys a framework of philosophy of science, while applying descriptive and analitycal methodological approach. This study finds that: first, Nashr’s concept on science bases it self on the principle of unity, that is a concept of one-ness and inter-relationship of all beings, which allows integration of knowledge and action of human being into harmony. Nashr offers idea of sacred knowledge (scientia sacra) to allow the sacred values embeded in Islamic teaching to spiritualize modern sciences which are developed in the Western world. Secondly, Nashr was the first Muslim scholar who wrote a comprehensive work about history of science in Islam. His influence is attributed to his contribution to the dicsussion of science and to a grand narrative, namely, Islamization of knowledge or Islamic science, that had become a major scholarly debate among Muslim scholars.

CORRISPONDENZA DI GIOVANNI BATTISTA AMICI CON GIOVANNI PLANA1

Nuncius ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-323
Author(s):  
ALBERTO MESCHIARI
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
Wave Theory ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
History Of

Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title The correspondence between Giovanni Battista Amici and the Astronomer Royal of Turin Giovanni Plana belonging to the Estense Library in Modena (Fondo Amici and Autografoteca Campori), consists of 36 letters altogether. Undoubtedly it represents a document of a great interest for the history of science, especially where it discusses the application of probabilities to astronomical observations, and the new wave-theory of light of Young and Fresnel.

scholarly journals Disassembling archeology, reassembling the modern world

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Carruthers ◽  
Stéphane Van Damme
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Scientific Ethics ◽  
Circulation Of Knowledge ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This article provides a substantive discussion of the relevance of the history of archeology to the history of science. At the same time, the article introduces the papers contained in this special issue as exemplars of this relevance. To make its case, the article moves through various themes in the history of archeology that overlap with key issues in the history of science. The article discusses the role and tension of regimes of science in antiquarian and archeological practices, and also considers issues of scale and place, particularly in relation to the field. Additionally, the piece attends to issues of professionalization and the constitution of an archeological public, at the same time as discussing issues of empire, colonialism, and the circulation of knowledge. Meanwhile, enriching discussions within and beyond the history of science, the article discusses the history of archeology and its relationship with museums, collecting, and material culture and materiality. Finally, the piece discusses the relationship of the history of archeology with wider discussions about scientific ethics. In conclusion, the article questions whether we should speak of ‘the history of archeology’ at all.

The Historian of Science and Oceanography After Twenty Years

1993 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Mills
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
Marine Biology ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
The Social ◽  
Rules Of Procedure ◽  
History Of ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
Primitive State ◽  
New Research ◽  
Relationship Of

A little more than twenty years ago, at the First International Congress of History of Oceanography in Monaco, the American historian of science Harold Burstyn attempted to place the history of oceanography in context within the history of science. He pointed out that history of science used as a working principle the increasing quantification of science, and that it was moving toward "externalist" studies of the social and political contexts in which science developed. Oceanography, according to Burstyn, was among the first examples of "big science" and was likely to prove important to historians attempting to link scientific development with its social context. He envisioned two tasks for the historian of oceanography, to develop detailed histories of the science itself, and to explore its response to social, political, financial and cultural forces.After three more congresses of the history of oceanography, the proliferation of publications, even the birth of a newsletter of the history of oceanography, it still largely remains true that (slightly edited) the field suffers from "lack of focus, publications of all offerings regardless of merit, and conjunction of scientists … and historians and philosophers of science, assembled without any methodological unit or rules of procedure". But all is not lost. Major books have helped to focus attention on interesting historical problems as well as achievements; outstanding work has been published, or is in progress, on marine geophysics, oceanographic institutions, exploration, national science, and the historical relationship of oceanography to its sister fields such as geography and marine biology. Bibliographies have begun to appear, easing the toil of starting new research, and regular contact, formal and informal is increasing among historians of oceanography.Nonetheless, the history of oceanography is still in a primitive state. We need more internal histories of oceanography's subdisciplines, critical biographies of its practitioners, studies of its institutions in their full contexts, work on differences in national styles, and a thorough examination of its professionalization. Few would now agree that the only canon of the history of oceanography is the increasing quantification of science, but this hybrid discipline remains, as Burstyn perceptively stated, "the most fruitful combination possible of ‘internal’ and ‘external’ problems in the history of science".

scholarly journals Lavoisier na sala de aula: A abordagem da história da química para o ensino da lei de conservação das massas

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Lucas Peres Guimarães ◽  
Denise Leal de Castro
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Education ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Conservation Of Mass ◽  
Historical Episode ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Resumo Lavoisier na sala de aula: A abordagem da história da para o ensino da lei de conservação das massas Esse trabalho tem como principal objetivo verificar a importância da abordagem do episódio histórico de Lavoisier para o ensino da Lei da Conservação das Massas no 9o ano do ensino fundamental em uma escola municipal de Volta Redonda (RJ). Para isso, foi construída uma sequência didática que foi dividida em três momentos, totalizando quatro aulas de cinquenta minutos. O primeiro momento tem como principal objetivo mostrar a vida de Lavoisier muito além do laboratório, buscando assim demonstrar que a vida do cientista é mais do que experimentos realizados no laboratório. No segundo momento foi trabalhada a relação de Lavoisier com a Lei da Conservação das Massas, abrindo espaço para a discussão sobre a Natureza da Ciência demonstrando como foi a superação da teoria do flogisto. O terceiro momento da sequência didática foi discutida a Lei da Conservação das Massas através de um experimento investigativo em que os alunos foram convidados a pensar o experimento com as informações históricas adquiridas. Durante a sequência didática com os discentes foram colhidas as ideias prévias que estes possuíam sobre o trabalho do cientista, demonstrado o contexto e as pessoas envolvidas com o cientista e as dificuldades encontradas por ele. O uso dessa proposta didática demonstrou ser favorável a um ambiente para proporcionar a criação de hipóteses e de questionamento por parte dos educandos, demonstrando ser possível a inserção da História da Ciência no Ensino como fio condutor de uma sequência didática em uma escola pública. Palavras-chave: Lei da Conservação das Massas. História da Ciência. Ensino de Química Abstract This work has as its main objective to verify the importance of the approach of historical episode of Lavoisier for teaching the Law of Conservation of the masses in the 9th year of elementary education in a municipal school of Volta Redonda (RJ). For this reason, it was built a didactic sequence that has been divided into three times, totaling four classes of fifty minutes. The first time it has as main objective to show the life of Lavoisier far beyond the laboratory, thus seeking to demonstrate that the life of the scientist is more than experiments conducted in the laboratory. The second time was worked on the relationship of Lavoisier with the Law of Conservation of Mass, opening up space for the discussion of the nature of science by demonstrating how was the overcoming of phlogiston theory. The third moment of the didactic sequence was discussed the Law of Conservation of the masses through an investigative experiment in which students were invited to consider the experiment with historical information acquired. During the didactic sequence with the learners were harvested the previous ideas that these were the work of a scientist, demonstrated the context and the individuals involved with the scientist and the difficulties encountered by him. The use of this didactic proposal proved to be conducive to an environment for the creation of hypotheses and questions on the part of students, demonstrating that it is possible to insert in the History of Science in education as a leitmotif of a didactic sequence in a public school. Keywords: Law of Conservation of mass. History of Science. Teaching of Chemistry

Computerized Microphotometry of Stellar Spectrograms

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 183-184
Author(s):  
David W. Latham
Keyword(s):  
Shock Tube ◽  
Harvard College ◽  
Interesting Topic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Harvard College Observatory

Let me begin my description of how we have been doing computerized microphotometry with a brief history of the hardware and its evolution. Then I’ll get on to the more interesting topic of what we do with the data after we get them into the computer.In 1966, the Shock Tube Laboratory at Harvard College Observatory took delivery of a David Mann microphotometer. Briefly, this $50 000 instrument can measure positions in an area 250 x 250 mm to an accuracy of about 1 μn. The limiting resolution of the measuring slit approaches 1 or 2 μm at the plate, and the drift in the photometer output is on the order of 1 per cent in 12 hours.

scholarly journals The Role of Astronomy in the History of Science

1990 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 45-46
Author(s):  
James MacLachlan
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
Precise Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Motion Studies

This historian of science offers a few samples of the kinds of understandings his students will be subjected to. (a) In early times, Britons used careful observations of astronomical events to establish their calendar; (b) In the 4th century BC, Aristotle used the spheres of Eudoxus to establish his cosmological principles; (c) In the second century of our era, Ptolemy made astronomy scientific, partly for the sake of astrological predictions; (d) In the fifteenth century, Columbus used crude astronomical observations to find latitude, (e) In the sixteenth century, Copernicus revised Ptolemaic astronomy in order to improve its fit with Aristotelian cosmology, and in the process challenged that cosmology; (f) Kepler used Tycho’s more precise data to destroy heavenly circularity; (g) In the early seventeenth century, Galileo based his renovation of motion studies on the investigative style he learned from Ptolemy, coupled with mathematics learned from Euclid and Archimedes.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

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