Being Numerous

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oren Izenberg
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Literary Life ◽  
Aesthetic Politics ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Common ◽  
Century Poetry ◽  
Practical Question ◽  
Language Poets

This book offers a new way to understand the divisions that organize twentieth-century poetry. It argues that the most important conflict is not between styles or aesthetic politics, but between poets who seek to preserve or produce the incommensurable particularity of experience by making powerful objects, and poets whose radical commitment to abstract personhood seems altogether incompatible with experience—and with poems. Reading across the apparent gulf that separates traditional and avant-garde poets, the book reveals the common philosophical urgency that lies behind diverse forms of poetic difficulty—from William Butler Yeats's esoteric symbolism and George Oppen's minimalism and silence to Frank O'Hara's joyful slightness and the Language poets' rejection of traditional aesthetic satisfactions. For these poets, what begins as a practical question about the conduct of literary life—what distinguishes a poet or group of poets?—ends up as an ontological inquiry about social life: What is a person and how is a community possible? In the face of the violence and dislocation of the twentieth century, these poets resist their will to mastery, shy away from the sensual richness of their strongest work, and undermine the particularity of their imaginative and moral visions—all in an effort to allow personhood itself to emerge as an undeniable fact making an unrefusable claim.

Epilogue

2018 ◽  
pp. 353-366
Author(s):  
Marcelo Sánchez Sorondo
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
Housing Security ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Common ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
National Borders

Migration is a shared condition of all humanity. We have all been strangers in a strange land. All humanity lives today as a result of migration, by themselves or their ancestors. Migration is a matter sometimes of choice, often of need, and always an inalienable right. All helpless people deserve to be helped. Offering such help is a commandment and a blessing shared among all religions. Accordingly, as Pope Francis reminds us, our duties to migrants include “to welcome”, “to protect”, “to promote”, and “to integrate.” National borders are not a result of primary natural law, as aren’t private property and clothes, “because nature did not give [humans] clothes, but art invented them”. National borders depend on social, political and geographical factors. Therefore, faced with current waves of mass migration, in order to establish practices that respond to the common good we need to be guided by three levels of responsibility. The first principle being that “in case of need all things are common”, because “every man is my brother”. This principle is relative to existence or subsistence and conditions other related issues (such as accommodation, food, housing, security, etc.). Secondly, as part of the fundamental rights of people, legal guarantees of primary rights that foster an “organic participation” in the economic and social life of the nation. Access to these economic and social goods, including education and employment, will allow people to develop their own abilities. Thirdly, a deeper sense of integration, reflecting responsibilities related to protecting, examining and developing the values that underpin the deep, stable, unity of a society— and, more fundamentally, create a horizon of public peace, understood as St. Augustine’s "tranquility in order". In particular, with regards to the aforementioned context, policies on migration should be guided by prudence, but prudence must never mean exclusion. On the contrary, governments should evaluate, “with wisdom and foresight, the extent to which their country is in a position, without prejudice to the common good of citizens, to offer a decent life to migrants, especially those truly in need of protection. Strangely enough, the response of most governments in the face of this phenomenon only seems to value the third principle, completely disregarding the first two.

Rigidities in the Labour Market

1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Dore
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
The Other ◽  
British Politics ◽  
Common Theme ◽  
Freedom Of Contract ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One

THE STEADY EXPANSION OF THE FUNCTIONS OF GOVERNMENT and its increasingly interventionist role in the economy has for much of the twentieth century seemed an inexorable and irreversible trend. The jurist, Dicey, already saw it as such at the beginning of the century. In a famous series of lectures, he traced the retreat of Benthamite individualist liberalism in the face of what he called ‘collectivism’. The common theme in all the developments he considered — the protection given to trade unions on the one hand, compulsory education and municipal trading on the other — was their limitation of the freedom of contract, the limitation of — the buzz-word of British politics in the late 1980s — ‘choice’.

Miłosz i Lévinas – modernistyczny dwugłos o zadaniach literatury

2012 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-180
Author(s):  
Marcin Telicki
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
The Other ◽  
Twentieth Century Literature ◽  
Philosophical Reflection ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Common ◽  
Liminal Experiences ◽  
Century Literature

Summary The article examines a parallel between Emmanuel Lévinas’s and Czesław Miłosz’s philosophical reflection about the duties of literature. The common ground can be found in Lévinas’s well-known idea of encountering the Other through the Face. This form of communication, which is by no means easy, is given extra depth by liminal experiences of transience and death. As the examples from the second part of this article show these experiences seem to mark the greatest achievements of twentieth-century literature. Finally, the question is asked about the two writers’ views on the place of philosophy and reflection on transcendence. Even though they do not see eye to eye on these points, the plurality of values and judgments expressed by them should not compel us to classify their work as completely disparate and incomparable.

Improving the Education and Social Integration of Immigrant Students

2018 ◽  
pp. 325-352
Author(s):  
Francesca Borgonovi ◽  
Mario Piacentini ◽  
Andreas Schleicher
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Immigrant Students ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
Housing Security ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Common ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
National Borders

Migration is a shared condition of all humanity. We have all been strangers in a strange land. All humanity lives today as a result of migration, by themselves or their ancestors. Migration is a matter sometimes of choice, often of need, and always an inalienable right. All helpless people deserve to be helped. Offering such help is a commandment and a blessing shared among all religions. Accordingly, as Pope Francis reminds us, our duties to migrants include ‘to welcome’, ‘to protect’, ‘to promote’, and ‘to integrate.’ National borders are not a result of primary natural law, as aren't private property and clothes, ‘because nature did not give [humans] clothes, but art invented them’. National borders depend on social, political and geographical factors. Therefore, faced with current waves of mass migration, in order to establish practices that respond to the common good we need to be guided by three levels of responsibility. The first principle being that ‘in case of need all things are common’, because ‘every man is my brother’. This principle is relative to existence or subsistence and conditions other related issues (such as accommodation, food, housing, security, etc.). Secondly, as part of the fundamental rights of people, legal guarantees of primary rights that foster an ‘organic participation’ in the economic and social life of the nation. Access to these economic and social goods, including education and employment, will allow people to develop their own abilities. Thirdly, a deeper sense of integration, reflecting responsibilities related to protecting, examining and developing the values that underpin the deep, stable, unity of a society- and, more fundamentally, create a horizon of public peace, understood as St. Augustine's ‘tranquility in order’. In particular, with regards to the aforementioned context, policies on migration should be guided by prudence, but prudence must never mean exclusion. On the contrary, governments should evaluate, ‘with wisdom and foresight, the extent to which their country is in a position, without prejudice to the common good of citizens, to offer a decent life to migrants, especially those truly in need of protection. Strangely enough, the response of most governments in the face of this phenomenon only seems to value the third principle, completely disregarding the first two.

Aspectos vanguardistas na música de John Cage * Vanguard aspects in John Cage’s music

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
VINICIUS CRANEK GAGLIARDO
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
John Cage ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Theodor Adorno ◽  
American Composer ◽  
The Common

<p><strong>Resumo:</strong> Este artigo tem por objetivo estabelecer algumas relações entre as vanguardas artísticas europeias, como o surrealismo e o dadaísmo, e as peças musicais de John Cage. De modo mais específico, procurarei apresentar algumas das características destes movimentos de vanguarda que ainda persistiram na obra do compositor norte-americano. Para isso, a partir do livro Teoria da Vanguarda, de Peter Bürger, e do estudo de Jorge de Almeida, Crítica dialética em Theodor Adorno, retomarei os ideais do Expressionismo – momento auge do esteticismo –, refletindo sobre sua relação com as manifestações vanguardistas subsequentes, no intuito de proporcionar uma melhor compreensão das características comuns aos movimentos de vanguarda da primeira metade do século XX. Nesta análise, discutirei os conceitos de vanguarda, instituição arte e obra de arte. Em seguida, mapearei alguns aspectos da obra de John Cage, relacionando-a com os ideais vanguardistas apresentados anteriormente. Em suma, pretendo evidenciar, ao final dessas reflexões, o projeto vanguardista para a arte no século XX e a manifestação de elementos deste projeto na poética de John Cage.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave:</strong> John Cage – Vanguarda – Arte.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract:</strong> This paper aims to establish some relations between the European artistic vanguards, such as Surrealism and Dadaism, and John Cage’s musical pieces. More specifically, I will try to present some of the characteristics of these vanguard movements that persisted in the work of the American composer. To do this, I will consider the ideals of Expressionism – height moment of aestheticism –, from the book Theory of Vanguard, by Peter Bürger, and the study of Jorge de Almeida, Crítica dialética em Theodor Adorno, reflecting on its relationship with subsequent vanguard manifestations in order to provide a better understanding of the common characteristics of the vanguard movements in the first half of the Twentieth Century. In this analysis, I will discuss the concepts of vanguard, art institution and work of art. Then, I will map some aspects of the John Cage’s work, relating it to the avant-garde ideas presented earlier. In short, I intend to demonstrate, at the end of these reflections, the avant-garde project for the art in the Twentieth Century and the manifestation of the elements of this project in the John Cage’s poetic.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> John Cage – Vanguard – Art.</p>

scholarly journals Career stage and publication in American academia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Career Stage ◽  
The Face ◽  
American Academia ◽  
Student Demand ◽  
Publication Pressure ◽  
Demographic Patterns ◽  
Processual Approach

This paper first outlines a processual approach to social life and then applies that approach to the changing social structures of American academia. Substantively, it argues that transient demographic patterns in the early and mid twentieth century shaped our ideal picture of academia: small disciplines, expanding rapidly in the face of seemingly infinite student demand, meant young disciplines, a seller’s market for PhDs, and a lack of publication pressure. The end of demand expansion meant rapid aging, a buyer’s market for PhDs, publication pressure, excessive publication, decline of reading, and consequent disciplinary confusion.

Multisensory Modalities and Modernist Translation

CounterText ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-306
Author(s):  
Tamara Brzostowska-Tereszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Reader Response ◽  
Sensory Integration ◽  
Cultural Anthropology ◽  
Sensory Perception ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Artistic Production ◽  
High Modernism ◽  
The Arts

Multisensory and cross-modal perception have been recognised as crucial for shaping modernist epistemology, aesthetics, and art. Illustrative examples of how it might be possible to test equivalences (or mutual translatability) between different sensual modalities can be found in theoretical pronouncements on the arts and in artistic production of both the avant-garde and high modernism. While encouraging multisensory, cross-modal, and multimodal artistic experiments, twentieth-century artists set forth a new language of sensory integration. This article addresses the problem of the literary representation of multisensory and cross-modal experience as a particular challenge for translation, which is not only a linguistic and cross-cultural operation but also cross-sensual, involving the gap between different culture-specific perceptual realities. The problem of sensory perception remains a vast underexplored terrain of modernist translation history and theory, and yet it is one with potentially far-reaching ramifications for both a cultural anthropology of translation and modernism's sensory anthropology. The framework of this study is informed by Douglas Robinson's somatics of translation and Clive Scott's perceptive phenomenology of translation, which help to put forth the notion of sensory equivalence as a pragmatic correspondence between the source and target texts, appealing to a range of somato-sensory (audial, visual, haptic, gestural, articulatory kinaesthetic, proprioceptive) modalities of reader response.

Studying Modern Arabic Literature

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Public Intellectual ◽  
Arabic Literature ◽  
Global Culture ◽  
The West ◽  
Teaching And Research ◽  
The Face ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Modern Arabic

This book is devoted to the life and academic legacy of Mustafa Badawi who transformed the study of modern Arabic literature in the second half of the twentieth century. Prior to the 1960s the study of Arabic literature, both classical and modern, had barely been emancipated from the academic approaches of orientalism. The appointment of Badawi as Oxford University's first lecturer in modern Arabic literature changed the face of this subject as Badawi showed, through his teaching and research, that Arabic literature was making vibrant contributions to global culture and thought. Part biography, part collection of critical essays, this book celebrates Badawi's immense contribution to the field and explores his role as a public intellectual in the Arab world and the west.

Double Affirmation: Medievalism as Christian Apologetic in the Arthurian Poetry of Charles Williams

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-96
Author(s):  
Sørina Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
European History ◽  
Body Of Christ ◽  
Female Figure ◽  
Century Poetry ◽  
Charles Williams ◽  
Embodied Theology

In his unfinished cycle of Arthurian poems, Charles Williams developed a totalizing mythology in which he fictionalized the Medieval. First, he employed chronological conflation, juxtaposing events and cultural references from a millennium of European history and aligning each with his doctrinal system. Second, following the Biblical metaphor of the body of Christ, Blake’s symbolism, and Rosicrucian sacramentalism, he embodied theology in the Medieval landscape via a superimposed female figure. Finally, Williams worked to show the validity of two Scholastic approaches to spirituality: the kataphatic and apophatic paths. His attempts to balance via negativa and via positiva led Williams to practical misapplication—but also to creation of a landmark work of twentieth century poetry. . . . the two great vocations, the Rejection of all images before the unimaged, the Affirmation of all images before the all-imaged, the Rejection affirming, the Affirmation rejecting. . . —from ‘The Departure of Dindrane’ —O Blessed, pardon affirmation!— —O Blessed, pardon negation!— —from ‘The Prayers of the Pope’

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