MECHANISMS OF CHESTNUT SOIL BUFFERING IN THE ROSTOV REGION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.Y. Goncharova ◽  
◽  
M.S. Voloshina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Chestnut Soil ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Soil Buffering

The buffer capacity of chestnut soil in the dry-steppe zone of the Rostov region was studied. Buffer areas were calculated for acidification and alkalinization of chestnut soil. It is shown that chestnut soil is more resistant to acidification than to alkalinization by 1.3 – 3.91 times. The mechanisms of chestnut soil buffering that depend on the amount of carbonates and humus content are revealed

SOUTHERN CHERNOZEMS FERTILITY REPRODUCTION IN NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Northern Kazakhstan ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
High Doses

Fertility reproduction features of southern carbonate chernozems in the conditions of the dry-steppe zone of Northern Kazakhstan (Shortandinsky district of Akmola region) are studied. We studied the changes of humus content in the model micro plot experience. Various variants of the experiment with non-fallow and dump steam without fertilizers, grain crops with different doses of mineral fertilizers, manure, as well as with straw and sideral crops (pea-oat mixture, Donnik) are laid down. The introduction of rotted manure in small doses of 20 t / ha did not provide an increase in humus during crop rotation. When adding 40 and 80 t / ha of manure to the fallow field, it allowed to increase the humus content by 0.24 and 0.18 % of the initial amount. The introduction of sideral steam and perennial grasses into crop rotation enhanced the processes of humification and provided a positive balance of humus. In this version of the experiment, the amount of humus increased by 0.10-0.13 %. The greatest accumulation of organic matter occurred when using melilot: the increase in humus was 0.39 %. Long-term cultivation of permanent wheat crop in one field, even with high doses of mineral fertilizers, does not provide significant reproduction of soil fertility. The application of mineral fertilizers does not contribute to the increase of humus in the soil. The greatest decrease in humus content in southern chernozems is observed in the permanent dump and waste-free pair-0.11 and 0.13% over a 6-year period of observations.

scholarly journals ANTI-EROSION EFFICIENCY OF FALLOW LANDS DEVELOPMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE STEPPE ZONE

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Egor Chebochakov ◽  
Valeriy Murtaev
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Chestnut Soil ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Central Siberia ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Fallow Lands ◽  
Southern Chernozem ◽  
Erosion Efficiency ◽  
The Republic

Research was conducted with the aim of developing technology for the development of fallow lands in the south of Central Siberia. The work was carried out in 2012-2015 on chestnut soil (experiment 1) and southern chernozem (experiment 2) in the Republic of Khakassia. The humus content in the 0 ... 20 cm layer of chestnut soil is 2.67%, N-NO3 is 20.1 ... 22.4 mg/kg, P2O5 and K2O (according to Machigin) are 23.5 and 328 mg/kg, respectively, in southern chernozem - respectively 4.5%, 16.6 ... 19.2, 19.3 and 720 mg/kg. The experimental designs provided for various combinations of mechanical tillage and spraying with herbicides of fallow plots, performed at different times, in the year preceding the sowing of crops. In technologies using herbicides in August, the amount of conditional stubble in spring was 60 pcs/m2 more, and erosion was 1.7 ... 2.5 times lower than in versions with flat cutting. The dumping of chestnut soil increases the yield of green mass of oats, compared with flat-cut, by 2.5 t/ha (24.5%), corn - by 4.0 t/ha (31.2%). In the southern chernozem, the technology with plowing ensured the formation of 5.7 t/ha of green mass of oats, which is 0.5 t/ha (8.8%) more than during flat cutting. In general, in the steppe zone of Central Siberia, the use of plowing in the technology for the development of fallow lands increases their productivity, while the greatest protection of the soil from erosion is provided by replacing its mechanical treatment in August with spraying with herbicides

scholarly journals The Effect of Prolonged Irrigation on the Dry Steppe Soils’ Fertility in the Volga Region

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.38) ◽  
pp. 1210
Author(s):  
Nina Anatolyevna Pronko ◽  
Viktor Vladislavovich Korsak ◽  
Lubov Gennadievna Romanova ◽  
Aleksey Vladimirovich Kravchuk ◽  
Vladimir Viktorovich Afonin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chestnut Soil ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Irrigated Soils

The article deals with the negative effect of the prolonged irrigation on the contents and quality of humus, and plant nutrients’ stock in the soil. The research was aimed at studying the nature and regularities of the transformation of organic matter (humus) and nutrients in the dark chestnut soil of dry steppe zone in the Volga region in the process of irrigation over half a century long. Field and laboratory experiments, as well as theoretical methods, such as mathematical statistics were used for studying the soil agrochemical properties. The research has shown that humus mineralization in irrigated soils is more pronounced, compared to nonirrigated soils, dehumification increases with increasing the period of irrigation and intensification of agriculture; the content and stock of humus decreases with irrigation, and is accompanied by the negative changes in its qualitative composition. The article describes the reasons for dehumification and negative changes in the qualitative composition of humus in the dark chestnut soils: deficient nitrogen balance due to insufficient use of nitrogen fertilizers, which resulted in the destruction of the organic matter in the soil, increased share of tilled crops in the crop structure, absence of nitrogen-fixing ability in alfalfa due to significant soil compaction, and insufficient introduction of organic fertilizers. The found peculiarities of dehumification and reduction of nutrients availability in the soil, which are the most dangerous degradation processes in the soils of the region that reduce the efficiency of irrigated agriculture, are required for developing substantiated solutions for preventing dehumification, restoring the fertility of irrigated soils, and reducing deficiency of foodstuffs in arid regions.  

scholarly journals IMPACT OF AGROMETEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS TO CHANGE OF PROPERTIES OF THE RECLAIMED SOLONETZES IN THE DRY STEPPE ZONE

2010 ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
I. Lyubimova ◽  
A. Aksenov ◽  
A. Gorobets
Keyword(s):  
Humus Content ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Climate Indicators ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
High Carbonate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Given

Estimation of the impact of weather conditions on the change in the content of readily soluble salts and metabolic bases and humus in the reclaimed automorphic high-carbonate solonetzes of the dry-steppe zone at different of types of meliorative effects. The given results of researches show that weather conditions first of all render effects on rapidly changing soil properties, such as readily soluble salt content and exchangeable elements. There is no evidence of reliable correlations between humus content and weather conditions. Directionality and the share of the impact of climate indicators on different properties of reclaimed solonetzes is different, but in most cases it's is less than 30% of the share of influence of other factors.

Fertilizer Nitrogen Use by Spring Triticale and Spring Wheat on Dark-Chestnut Soil of the Dry Steppe Zone of Kazakhstan

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Zavalin ◽  
A. K. Kurishbayev ◽  
R. Kh. Ramazanova ◽  
A. E. Tursinbaeva ◽  
A. Kassipkhan
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Chestnut Soil ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Dark Chestnut Soil ◽  
Spring Triticale ◽  
Dry Steppe

Heavy metals accumulation in plants of the dry-steppe zone of the East Kazakhstan region

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 1187-1191
Author(s):  
L.R. Sassykova ◽  
Y.A. Aubakirov ◽  
M. Sh. Akhmetkaliyeva ◽  
A.R. Sassykova ◽  
S. Sendilvelan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Heavy Metals Accumulation ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
East Kazakhstan ◽  
Metals Accumulation

Population density and total biomass of microbial communities in chestnut soils and solonetzes of the dry steppe zone in the Lower Volga region

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. N. Kashirskaya ◽  
T. E. Khomutova ◽  
E. V. Chernysheva ◽  
M. V. El’tsov ◽  
V. A. Demkin
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Chestnut Soils ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Dry Steppe

Influence of different factors on the growth rate of young animals and the quality of beef

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-39
Author(s):  
V. N. Pristupa ◽  
D. S. Torosyan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Intensive Rearing ◽  
Meat Productivity

The purpose of the work was to study and identify the main factors aff ecting the quantity and quality of beef produced and sold in the Southern Federal district. A comparative assessment of the growth, development, formation of meat productivity and quality of beef of young animals of beef, dual and dairy breeds with stall-pasture technology and intensive rearing in the industrial complex. Experimental studies have been carried out in farms in the Rostov region. The object of research was cows with calves of Kalmyk, Hereford, Aberdeen-Angus, Russian komolaya, Kazakh White-headed breeds, as well as young animals of the same breeds, in addition, Black-and-White and Swiss breeds. Removable live weight in Hereford steers at 18 months of age was 658,0 kg, and Aberdeen-Angus – 655,2 kg. Domestic steers of Kalmyk were 41–44 kg lower in live weight than their herdmates of two imported breeds. However, with intensive rearing at 18 months of age, steers of Kalmyk breed had a removable live weight of more than 613,7 kg and a carcass weight of 326 kg. The yield of hot carcass was 55,4 %, and the slaughter yield was 58,89 %, which was only 1–2 % lower than the world’s leading beef breeds. It has been found when analyzing the results of boning the half-carcasses of experimental steers that the biggest weight of half-carcasses and the content of muscle and fat tissue in them in absolute terms were in Hereford steers. Steers of Kalmyk breed took the third place in terms of weight of large-sized semi–fi nished products and signifi cantly lost to Aberdeen-Angus herdmates by 7,3 kg or 6,5 %, and Hereford steers by 9,2 kg or 8,3 %. The results obtained prove the expediency of using stallpasture technology in the dry-steppe zone of the Southern Federal district when rearing young animals for beef up to 350–400 kg live weight at 15 months of age and its subsequent intensive rearing under industrial technology, in order to obtain the live weight of more than 570 kg and produce cost-eff ective beef.

scholarly journals Climate change and economic efficiency of agricultural production in the Steppe zone

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-69
Author(s):  
Yu. O. Tararico ◽  
Yu. V. Soroka ◽  
R. V. Saidak
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Winter Rape ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Dry Steppe

Relevance of research. Due to ongoing climate change, almost the entire territory of the Steppe of Ukraine by annual humidity factor belongs to the dry and very dry zones, the relative area of ​​which has increased by 13.2% of the total area of ​​the country compared to the 1960-1990s. At the same time, for today in Ukraine only about 500 thousand hectares are actually irrigated, that is 19% of the potential area. Purpose of research. To determine the patterns and trends of climate change in the western part of the dry Steppe of Ukraine and analyze the economic indicators of production activity in the region as to the variable weather conditions. Research methodology. Climate change was estimated on the basis of Climate Water Balance (CWB) and Hydrothermal Coefficient (HTC) values. The analysis of the economic efficiency of agricultural production was carried out by analyzing the statistical data for Odessa region and for the chosen agricultural enterprise. Research results and conclusions. The use of significant heat supply in the dry Steppe zone is limited by insufficient water supply conditions. In the years of 1991-2016  the average annual rainfall was 480 mm and since the early 2000s there has been a slight increase in that. However, even having 500-550 mm of average annual rainfall that has been observed over the past five years, it is not enough for providing high-yield agricultural production. High thermal regime couses high evaporation that in turn, leads to water supply deficit, which at the end of the growing season amounts to 336-436 mm. According to the HTC index in the region 80% of cases show severe and moderately arid vegetation conditions. At the same time, irrigation area in the region has decreased to a minimum, which has led to the domination of winter cereals and sunflower in the cropping system. Under variable weather conditions, winter wheat yields ranged from 19.4 to 38.5 c/ ha (31.4 c/ha on average) and sunflower - from 12.2 to 21.4 c/ha (17.4 c/ha on average), winter rape - from 13.1 to 20.9 c/ha (18.2 c/ha). It was proved a close direct relationship between the sale price of products of all studied crops and their cost price, as well as the inverse relationship of these indicators with the crop yield. The profitability of winter wheat from 2011 till 2016 ranged from 17 to 153 USD/ha with an average value of 86 USD/ha, winter rape - from 39 to 273 USD/ha with an average value of 166 USD  ha and sunflower - from 116 to 315 USD/ha with an average value of 192 USD/ha. Corn and soybeans have proven to be unprofitable in some years, which obviously explains rather small areas under these crops in the region. Above mentioned demonstrates the high economic instability of agricultural production in changing weather conditions, which is accompanied by significant risks for producers, especially when attracting credits. This situation, in turn, leads to a limited use of intensification means, in particular mineral fertilizers, which promotes agrochemical soil degradation. Under unstable water supply, the magnitude of net profit variation per hectare of arable land in Odessa region is 33-188 USD/ha (111 USD/ha on average). It is possible to increase these indicators by increasing the share of winter rape in the cropping system. With the optimization of the water and air soil regimes as well as crop rotation factor, the profitability of agricultural production in the region can be increased up to 580-600 USD/ha. Similar results were obtained after analyzing the statistical data from the southern regions within the dry steppe zone.

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