scholarly journals Climate change and economic efficiency of agricultural production in the Steppe zone

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-69
Author(s):  
Yu. O. Tararico ◽  
Yu. V. Soroka ◽  
R. V. Saidak
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Winter Rape ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Dry Steppe

Relevance of research. Due to ongoing climate change, almost the entire territory of the Steppe of Ukraine by annual humidity factor belongs to the dry and very dry zones, the relative area of ​​which has increased by 13.2% of the total area of ​​the country compared to the 1960-1990s. At the same time, for today in Ukraine only about 500 thousand hectares are actually irrigated, that is 19% of the potential area. Purpose of research. To determine the patterns and trends of climate change in the western part of the dry Steppe of Ukraine and analyze the economic indicators of production activity in the region as to the variable weather conditions. Research methodology. Climate change was estimated on the basis of Climate Water Balance (CWB) and Hydrothermal Coefficient (HTC) values. The analysis of the economic efficiency of agricultural production was carried out by analyzing the statistical data for Odessa region and for the chosen agricultural enterprise. Research results and conclusions. The use of significant heat supply in the dry Steppe zone is limited by insufficient water supply conditions. In the years of 1991-2016  the average annual rainfall was 480 mm and since the early 2000s there has been a slight increase in that. However, even having 500-550 mm of average annual rainfall that has been observed over the past five years, it is not enough for providing high-yield agricultural production. High thermal regime couses high evaporation that in turn, leads to water supply deficit, which at the end of the growing season amounts to 336-436 mm. According to the HTC index in the region 80% of cases show severe and moderately arid vegetation conditions. At the same time, irrigation area in the region has decreased to a minimum, which has led to the domination of winter cereals and sunflower in the cropping system. Under variable weather conditions, winter wheat yields ranged from 19.4 to 38.5 c/ ha (31.4 c/ha on average) and sunflower - from 12.2 to 21.4 c/ha (17.4 c/ha on average), winter rape - from 13.1 to 20.9 c/ha (18.2 c/ha). It was proved a close direct relationship between the sale price of products of all studied crops and their cost price, as well as the inverse relationship of these indicators with the crop yield. The profitability of winter wheat from 2011 till 2016 ranged from 17 to 153 USD/ha with an average value of 86 USD/ha, winter rape - from 39 to 273 USD/ha with an average value of 166 USD  ha and sunflower - from 116 to 315 USD/ha with an average value of 192 USD/ha. Corn and soybeans have proven to be unprofitable in some years, which obviously explains rather small areas under these crops in the region. Above mentioned demonstrates the high economic instability of agricultural production in changing weather conditions, which is accompanied by significant risks for producers, especially when attracting credits. This situation, in turn, leads to a limited use of intensification means, in particular mineral fertilizers, which promotes agrochemical soil degradation. Under unstable water supply, the magnitude of net profit variation per hectare of arable land in Odessa region is 33-188 USD/ha (111 USD/ha on average). It is possible to increase these indicators by increasing the share of winter rape in the cropping system. With the optimization of the water and air soil regimes as well as crop rotation factor, the profitability of agricultural production in the region can be increased up to 580-600 USD/ha. Similar results were obtained after analyzing the statistical data from the southern regions within the dry steppe zone.

scholarly journals Impact of future climate change on water supply and irrigation demand in a small mediterranean catchment. Case study: Nebhana dam system, Tunisia

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1724-1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Allani ◽  
R. Mezzi ◽  
A. Zouabi ◽  
R. Béji ◽  
F. Joumade-Mansouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Cycle Duration ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Time Periods

Abstract This study evaluates the impacts of climate change on water supply and demand of the Nebhana dam system. Future climate change scenarios were obtained from five general circulation models (GCMs) of CMIP5 under RCP 4.5 and 8.5 emission scenarios for the time periods, 2021–2040, 2041–2060 and 2061–2080. Statistical downscaling was applied using LARS-WG. The GR2M hydrological model was calibrated, validated and used as input to the WEAP model to assess future water availability. Expected crop growth cycle lengths were estimated using a growing degree days model. By means of the WEAP-MABIA method, projected crop and irrigation water requirements were estimated. Results show an average increase in annual ETo of 6.1% and a decrease in annual rainfall of 11.4%, leading to a 24% decrease in inflow. Also, crops' growing cycles will decrease from 5.4% for wheat to 31% for citrus trees. The same tendency is observed for ETc. Concerning irrigation requirement, variations are more moderated depending on RCPs and time periods, and is explained by rainfall and crop cycle duration variations. As for demand and supply, results currently show that supply does not meet the system demand. Climate change could worsen the situation unless better planning of water surface use is done.

scholarly journals Modern aspects of scientific support for the restoration of drainage systems in the humid zone of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-51
Author(s):  
G. V. Voropay
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Humid Zone ◽  
Scientific Support ◽  
Water Volumes

Modern aspects of scientific support for the restoration (reconstruction and modernization) of drainage systems in the humid zone of Ukraine were determined, which were established based on the results of the analysis of the current state and features of drainage systems functioning. One of the priority areas is the development of a scientific justification of improving water supply for drainage systems. The most effective and economical technological method of increasing the water supply in reclaimed areas is the accumulation of local drainage runoff. Given the shortage of local drainage and surface runoff, increasing the water supply in reclaimed areas is provided by withdrawing and supplying to reclamation systems extra water volumes from existing reservoirs, rivers, ponds, lakes, located both within and beyond the systems. The current structure of agricultural use of drained lands in the humid zone is subject to both climate change and export market conditions. In agricultural production such crops as grain corn, sunflower, rapeseed, soybeans are cultivated. Changes in the use of drained land should be taken into account when justifying the reconstruction or modernization of drainage systems. This will enable to develop and implement a set of measures for technical re-equipment and reconstruction of drainage systems, introduce advanced resource-saving technology for growing economically attractive crops and ensure effective water regulation on drained land sin accordance with the requirements of agricultural production. The technical state of modern drainage systems in the humid zone is mainly characterized by two conditions: satisfactory, when the systems are under operation (operational) and can perform their functions keeping the design mode, and unsatisfactory, when the restoration of drainage systems is only possible provided modernization measures. Given climate change, the priority measures for the modernization of drainage systems should include work to expand their functionality to regulate soil water regime throughout the growing season. In view of the cost of modernization to expand the functionality of different types of systems (drainage, drainage and irrigation, polder and water circulation) by constructing irrigation systems on them is much lower compared to modernize them to drainage and irrigation ones when  using sluice technology, preference should be given namely to the construction of irrigation systems.

CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE ASSESSMENT OF FARMERS

2017 ◽  
Vol XIX (5) ◽  
pp. 197-203
Author(s):  
Alina Syp ◽  
Artur Żukiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Environmental Processes ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
Work Input ◽  
The One

Agriculture is one of the major anthropogenic contributors to climate changes and, at the same time, the one that can be seriously affected by the results of these changes, extreme weather conditions in particular. This paper presents the perception of climate change and its potential influence on the agricultural holdings of farmers, based on the survey conducted in łęczyński county (125 respondents). According to the survey, 39% of farmers believe that both human activity and natural environmental processes are equally responsible for climate changes. 37% of respondents claimed that climate changes are caused by human activity, while 24% of the surveyed farmers attributed those changes to natural environmental processes only. The vast majority of respondents is concerned that a possible consequence to the occurring changes may be increased costs of agricultural production (69%) and lowered standards of living (61%). The conducted survey proved high awareness of the need to protect the environment and soil among the farmers. 73% of them considers environmental regulations to have a positive impact on the agriculture and its future, but also to increase the work input of farmers and reduce their incomes.

Analysis of Impact on Future Water Supply Considering the Cropping System Change of Rice Paddy under Climate Change

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-448
Author(s):  
Sijung Choi ◽  
◽  
Seongkyu Kang ◽  
Dongryul Lee ◽  
Jinyong Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
System Change ◽  
Rice Paddy

scholarly journals Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature over Different Districts of Karnataka: An Aid to Climate Change Detection and Cropping System Option

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
S. Sridhara ◽  
Pradeep Gopakkali ◽  
R. Nandini
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Mk Test ◽  
Increasing Trend

Aims: To know the rainfall and temperature trend for all the districts of Karnataka state to develop suitable coping mechanisms for changing weather conditions during the cropping season. Study Design: The available daily data of rainfall (1971-2011) and minimum and maximum temperature (1971-2007) for each district was collected from NICRA-ICAR website. A non-parametric model such as the Mann-Kendall (MK) test complemented with Sen’s slope estimator was used to determine the magnitude of the trend. Place and Duration of Study: The rainfall data of 41 years (1971-2011) and temperature data of 37 years (1971-2007) was collected for all 27 districts of Karnataka. Methodology: Basic statistics related to rainfall like mean, standard deviation (SD), the coefficient of variation (CV) and the percentage contribution to annual rainfall were computed for monthly and season-wise. Mann-Kendall test was used to detect trend for rainfall as well as temperature. Results: An increasing trend in rainfall during winter, monsoon and annual basis for all most all the districts of Karnataka and decreasing trend of rainfall during pre and post-monsoon season was noticed. An early cessation of rainfall during September month in all most all the districts of Karnataka was observed. Similarly, monthly mean, maximum and the minimum temperature had shown an increasing trend over the past 37 years for all the districts of Karnataka. Conclusion: The more variation in rainfall during the pre-monsoon season was observed, which is more important for land preparation and other operations. The increasing trend of maximum and minimum temperature throughout the year may often cause a reduction in crop yield. It is necessary to change crops with its short duration varieties in order to avoid late season drought.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF AGROMETEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS TO CHANGE OF PROPERTIES OF THE RECLAIMED SOLONETZES IN THE DRY STEPPE ZONE

2010 ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
I. Lyubimova ◽  
A. Aksenov ◽  
A. Gorobets
Keyword(s):  
Humus Content ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Climate Indicators ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
High Carbonate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Given

Estimation of the impact of weather conditions on the change in the content of readily soluble salts and metabolic bases and humus in the reclaimed automorphic high-carbonate solonetzes of the dry-steppe zone at different of types of meliorative effects. The given results of researches show that weather conditions first of all render effects on rapidly changing soil properties, such as readily soluble salt content and exchangeable elements. There is no evidence of reliable correlations between humus content and weather conditions. Directionality and the share of the impact of climate indicators on different properties of reclaimed solonetzes is different, but in most cases it's is less than 30% of the share of influence of other factors.

scholarly journals Productivity of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) of various ecological and geographical origin in the condition of Akmola region

2020 ◽  
Vol 195 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Dyusibayeva ◽  
A. Rysbekova ◽  
I Zhirnova ◽  
A. Zhakenova ◽  
A. Seitkhozhayev
Keyword(s):  
Complex Traits ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Stable Yield

Abstract. Relevance of research. Creation of high productive and tolerant to adverse environmental factors varieties is one of the most important tasks of plant breeding. The high yield is ensured by the development of the basic elements of the plant's crop structure. To increase the efficiency of breeding work, the study of the initial material is of great importance. The purpose of the study is the study of economically valuable traits of proso millet of various ecological and geographical origin in the condition of dry steppe zone of Northern Kazakhstan. Materials and research methods. Phenological observations and field assessments were carried out on crops according to the field experiment methodology. The research material was varieties and samples of millet of various origin. Results. At the result of the structural analysis for 2018–2019 the number of varieties and samples of proso millet were selected as on separate economically valuable traits: varieties Shortandinskoe 7, Shortandinskoe 10, Shortandinskoe 11, Pavlodarskoe, Pavlodarskoe 4, Yarkoe 5, Yarkoe 6, Yarkoe 7, Pamyati Bersieva, Kormovoe 89, Barnaulskoe Kormovoe, Kormovoe proso, Uralskoe 109, Aktybinskoe kormovoe, Kokchetavskoe 66, Abakanskoe kormovoe; samples: K-3742, K-5786, K-3137, and their complex traits: Omskoe 11, Pavlodarskoe, Barnaulskoe kormovoe, Uralskoe 109. Stable yield in contrasting weather conditions by years was observed in varieties Omskoe 11 and Uralskoe 109. Scientific novelty. In the dry-steppe zone of the Akmola region in contrasting weather conditions, the most valuable samples with maximum productivity were identified. Direct relationship has been established between the mass of 1000 seeds in panicles and the average yield of proso millet varieties and samples. Selected genotypes are of the greatest interest for using them in breeding programs for high productivity.

scholarly journals PROMISING MIXED CROPS OF SUDAN GRASS WITH FORAGE CROPS

REPORTS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (334) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
B.N. Nasiyev ◽  
◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
West Kazakhstan ◽  
Mixed Crops

An important factor in increasing the efficiency of crop diversification in West Kazakhstan and reducing the dependence of crop productivity on weather conditions is the expansion of crops most adapted to unsustainable humidification of plants such as chickpeas, Sudan grass, sorghum, corn and sunflower. One of the ways to increase the productivity of Sudanese grass is to use its mixed crops with chickpeas, sunflower, corn and sorghum. Mixtures due to the best quality indicators of feed provide the maximum yield of feed units and digestible protein. The article presents research data on the study of mixed crops of Sudanese grass with annual crops in the conditions of the 1st dry-steppe zone of Western Kazakhstan. A comparative test of mixed crops by yield from digestible protein area units revealed the most nutritionally valuable mixtures. So, in the research of 2018-2020, the largest yield for digestible protein was obtained on the variant using sunflower for silage mixed with Sudan grass (1.65 c/ha), slightly lower on the versions of using a mixture of Sudan grass and corn for silage (1.58 c/ha) and a mixture of sorghum and Sudan grass for silage (1.55 c/ha).

scholarly journals EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON RAINFALL PATTERN AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN AFIKPO NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EBONYI STATE, NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
OgaI Ibiam ◽  
◽  
Odimba O. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Autonomous Communities ◽  
Double Peaks ◽  
Weather Stations

This research was carried out to generate information/data on rainfall distribution in the study area in the year, 2019. Prior to the issues of realities of global warming and subsequently climate change, farmers had substantial knowledge of the weather conditions of their immediate environment and with this planned their farming activities effectively with reduced losses of produce and other farm resources. But nowadays, this knowledge appears to have been eroded consequent on the influence of global warming and climate change. The field work was carried out in Afikpo North Local Government Area (LGA) of Ebonyi State. The LGA comprises of 12 Autonomous Communities (ACs) and out of these, ten (10) were randomly selected. Field Assistants (FAs) were needed for the field work and two (2) FAs were purposively selected from each of the selected ACs to assist in the field work. The data generated were analyzed using tables and descriptive statistics. The result of the field work, among others, showed that the rains now commence early in the year between the months of February and March and thereafter cease and start again in the month of May. The result also showed the absence of the usual double peaks of rainfall “double maxima”. The recommendations, among others, include establishment of weather stations in the localities to help in the generation of information on weather conditions for farmers use and farmers’ to construct water channels on the farms as source of irrigation.

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