scholarly journals EXPLORATION AND SCREENING FOR ENDOPHYTIC MICROBES OF MAIZE PLANT ROOT AGAINST FUSARIUM VERTICILLIOIDES

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Rahmat Jahuddin ◽  
Jamila . ◽  
Awaluddin . ◽  
Suriani .
Keyword(s):  
Plant Root ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Maize Plant ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Sprout Length ◽  
Maize Roots ◽  
Stimulate Plant Growth ◽  
Rot Disease

Exploration and Screening for Endophytic Microbes of Maize Plant Root against Fusarium verticillioides. Fusarium verticilloides is an important pathogen of maize which can attack cob and stem causing ear rot and stalk rot disease. Fusarium ear rot disease needs to get a serious attention because the mycotoxins produced by this pathogen very harmful for consumers. The aim of this study was to screen maize roots endophytic microbes as antagonist to F. verticilloides. Endophytes microbial exploration is done by taking samples of local roots of South Sulawesi and hybrid maizes in Soppeng Regency then isolated in Biological Laboratory of Islamic University of Makassar. The endophytes were then tested their effectiveness on inhibiting growth of mycelia pathogenic F. verticilloides by using dual culture method and tested the suppressing ability of F. verticilloides on maize seed and their influence on seed sprout length. The results showed that there were 8 endophytic microbes consisting of 4 isolates of the fungus group namely HS-01, HS-02, HS-04, LS-01 and 4 isolates from bacterial group namely HS-03, LS-02, LS-03, LS-04. While the results of microbial effectiveness testing on pathogenic F. verticilloides showed that HS-04 has the highest percentage of inhibition followed by isolate HS-01, HS-02 and LS-02. HS-04 isolate also showed the ability to suppress F. verticilloides attacks on corn seeds at 77.78%. The highest seed sprout length was shown in LS-02 isolate application about 10.57 cm. Thus it can be concluded that there were 3 potentially endophytic microbes to control the F. verticilloides namely HS-04, HS-01 and LS-02. The ability to stimulate plant growth became one of considerations to select these three microbes.

scholarly journals Antagonistic effectiveness of some bacteria against Fusarium graminearum causing crown rot disease on wheat (Triticum aestivum)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-80
Author(s):  
Majida Hadi Mahdi Alsaady ◽  
Hussein Ali Salim ◽  
Rakib A. Al-ani ◽  
Hadi M. Aboud ◽  
Jamal Talib M Al Roubaie
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Rot Disease

In this study, the antagonistic effect of five bacteria genera namely Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Azotobacter, Azospirillum, and Streptomyces isolated from rhizosphere of wheat were evaluated against Fusarium graminearum as potential biocontrol agents in vitro. F. graminearum was molecularly diagnosed using the Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Each bacteria were tested for the production of catalase enzyme, oxidase enzyme, analysis of starch, analyze of gelatin, and the motility, where Azotobacter, Azospirillum, and Bacillus subtilis were positive for all tested. Fungal inhibition tests were performed by using the dual culture method and agar well diffusion technique. Among them, Streptomyces and Azospirillum exhibited potent inhibition to the growth of F. graminearum (72.14% and 66.42%) respectively, followed by B.pumillus, P.fluorescens, B. subtilis and Azotobacter ( 58.28%, 43.23%, 39.71% and 35.71%) respectively as compared with the control treatment (0.0%).The dry weight of the fungus biomass was decreased with bacteria P. fluorescens, Streptomyces sp, Azotobacter sp, Azospirillum sp, B. subtilis, and B. pumillus which reached (0.114, 0.103, 0.147, 0.101, 0.143, and 0.107 g) respectively compared to the control treatment that was 0. 665 g.

scholarly journals Rhamnolipid Biosurfactant against Fusarium verticillioides to Control Stalk and Ear Rot Disease of Maize

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddhartha N. Borah ◽  
Debahuti Goswami ◽  
Hridip K. Sarma ◽  
Swaranjit S. Cameotra ◽  
Suresh Deka
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Rhamnolipid Biosurfactant

Association mapping and genomic prediction for ear rot disease caused by Fusarium verticillioides in a tropical maize germplasm

Crop Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 2867-2881
Author(s):  
Maurício Carlos Kuki ◽  
Ronald José Barth Pinto ◽  
Filipe Augusto Bengosi Bertagna ◽  
Dauri José Tessmann ◽  
Antônio Teixeira do Amaral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Mapping ◽  
Genomic Prediction ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Maize Germplasm ◽  
Rot Disease

Effects of Lysobacter antibioticus HS124, an effective biocontrol agent against Fusarium graminearum, on crown rot disease and growth promotion of wheat

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 904-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Tae Kim ◽  
Sararat Monkhung ◽  
Yong Seong Lee ◽  
Kil Yong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Rot Disease

Lysobacter antibioticus HS124 inhibited mycelial growth of Fusarium graminearum (74.66%) under the dual culture method. Microscopic investigation clearly showed that amendment with different concentrations (10%, 30%, and 50%) of HS124 bacterial culture filtrate on potato dextrose agar plates caused abnormal hyphal structures, including swelling and distortion. Its inhibition toward mycelial growth of F. graminearum was increased with increasing concentration of n-butanol crude extract of HS124. The highest inhibition (43.14%) was detected at a crude concentration of 10 mg/disc, whereas the lowest inhibition (21.57%) was observed at 2 mg/disc. Although mycelial growth of F. graminearum was promoted by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by HS124 as compared with the control, these VOCs clearly decreased fungal pigmentation resulting in a reduction of fungal sporulation. Microscopic investigation revealed hyphal deformation of F. graminearum due to VOCs. These compounds also had a negative effect on spore germination of F. graminearum. In vivo evaluations demonstrated that HS124 inoculation of wheat plants reduced crown rot disease incidence by 73.70% as compared with the control. HS124 inoculation of wheat plants also promoted most of the growth characteristics compared with the control or fungicide-treated plants. Our results provide strong evidence that HS124 could control F. graminearum infections and promote growth of wheat plants as part of management strategies for crown rot disease.

scholarly journals Potential of Antagonistic Fungi in Inhibiting the Growth of Botryodiplodia theobromae Fungi Causes Stem Rot Disease in Citrus

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Agustina ◽  
Unun Triasih ◽  
Mutia Erti Dwiastuti ◽  
Rudi Cahyo Wicaksono
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Asperellum ◽  
Botryodiplodia Theobromae ◽  
Antagonistic Fungi ◽  
Rot Disease

Soil microorganisms such as Trichoderma asperellum and Gliocladium sp have the potential to become biological control agents in inhibiting the growth of fungi Botryodiplodia theobrome which causes stem rot disease in citrus plants. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of T.asperellum and Gliocladium sp fungi in inhibiting the growth of B. theobrome fungus causing stem end rot disease in citrus plants. The antagonistic test was carried out using the dual culture method using PDA media; observations were made on the growth of pathogenic fungi and antagonistic fungi to measure their inhibitory power. The results of the observation and calculation of the fungal growth rate were analyzed using the T test with a level of 5%. The pathogen fungal growth rate in the antagonistic test was slower than control and inhibition of B. theobrome by T.asperellum and Gliocladium sp were respectively at 78.67% and 84.56%. The mechanism of the two antagonistic fungi has the nature of competition and parasitism because of the broader inhibition spectrum than the pathogenic fungi. Keywords: Botryodiplodia theobromae, Trichoderma asperellum, Gliocladium sp, antagonistic test.

scholarly journals Bioguided Isolation, Characterization, and Biotransformation by Fusarium verticillioides of Maize Kernel Compounds That Inhibit Fumonisin Production

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1148-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vessela Atanasova-Penichon ◽  
Stéphane Bernillon ◽  
Gisèle Marchegay ◽  
Aurélia Lornac ◽  
Laetitia Pinson-Gadais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Fusarium Ear Rot ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Maize Genotype ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Susceptible Group

Fusarium verticillioides infects maize ears, causing ear rot disease and contamination of grain with fumonisin mycotoxins. This contamination can be reduced by the presence of bioactive compounds in kernels that are able to inhibit fumonisin biosynthesis. To identify such compounds, we used kernels from a maize genotype with moderate susceptibility to F. verticillioides, harvested at the milk-dough stage (i.e., when fumonisin production initiates in planta), and applied a bioguided fractionation approach. Chlorogenic acid was the most abundant compound in the purified active fraction and its contribution to fumonisin inhibitory activity was up to 70%. Moreover, using a set of maize genotypes with different levels of susceptibility, chlorogenic acid was shown to be significantly higher in immature kernels of the moderately susceptible group. Altogether, our data indicate that chlorogenic acid may considerably contribute to either maize resistance to Fusarium ear rot, fumonisin accumulation, or both. We further investigated the mechanisms involved in the inhibition of fumonisin production by chlorogenic acid and one of its hydrolyzed products, caffeic acid, by following their metabolic fate in supplemented F. verticillioides broths. Our data indicate that F. verticillioides was able to biotransform these phenolic compounds and that the resulting products can contribute to their inhibitory activity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antifungal Activity of Antagonistic Bacteria against Butt Rot Disease Pathogen of Pineapple

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mat Nawi NURNADIRAH ◽  
Kartini Che Mohd Ramli NENI ◽  
Mohd Yunus Nor YUZIAH
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Butt Rot ◽  
Additional Control ◽  
Inhibitory Potential ◽  
Rot Disease

Butt rot disease, caused by Thielaviopsis paradoxa (De Seynes) Hohn., is one of the major diseases in pineapple cultivation in Malaysia. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the antifungal effect of antagonist bacteria against T. paradoxa, a causal agent of butt rot disease, and to observe the mechanism of antifungal activity of tested antagonist bacteria microscopically. In this study, in vitro antifungal potential of 5 antagonist bacteria, namely B1, B2, B3, B4, and B5, were isolated from infected and non-infected soil samples and evaluated using dual culture method against T. paradoxa. The mechanisms of antifungal activities of antagonist bacteria against the pathogen were microscopically observed. All of the bacteria showed inhibitory effects against the pathogenic fungi. B1 bacteria showed the highest inhibitory potential, with 73 % inhibition, followed by B2, B3, B4, and B5, with 71, 57, 56, and 48 % of inhibition compared to control, respectively. The results also showed that B2, B3, and B4 bacteria exhibited positive inhibition towards the pathogen, with more than 50 % percentage inhibition. The development of a new product for use as a biocontrol agent, used as an additional control or used in combination with existing ones, may reduce dependency on chemical control and increase antagonistic activity efficiency.

scholarly journals Integrated management approaches for controlling root rot of bael caused by Fusarium solani

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 849-854
Author(s):  
M. Singh ◽  
Sushil Sharma ◽  
Mukesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Rot Disease

An experiment was carried out to find out the effective management practices to control the recently recorded pathogen (Fusarium solani) inciting root rot disease in Bael. Rampant incidence due to this pathogen is resulting in excess damage and reduction in acreage. Out of six fungicides screened in vitro, Topsin-M and Bavistin stood at first place in inhibiting the mycelial growth of F. solani. Topsin-M showed 100% inhibition at 50 ppm concentration whereas Bavistin showed 100% inhibition at 150 ppm concentration. Bavistin and Topsin-M as seed dressers effectively protected pre and post emergence seedlings mortality to the tune of 68.75 and 70.95%; 65.00 and 67.54%, respectively. Pre-sowing drenching of soil with Bavistin (0.4%) reduced the pre-emergence mortality from 26.50 to 8.25% and post-emergence mortality from 39.00 to 16.25%. The integration of seed treatment and pre-sowing drenching resulted in 72.51% control of pre emergence mortality and 82.92% control of post emergence mortality. In dual culture method, maximum inhibition of mycelial growth was recorded with Trichoderma harzianum (72.18%) followed by T. viride (67.70%). Glomus mosseae in combination with T. harzianum was found very effective against F. solani under screen house conditions as minimum pre emergence mortality (10.00%) and post emergence mortality (13.25%) against control where the values were 27.25% and 40.25%, respectively. The studies and results compiled here in provide an explanation for the potential of selected fungicides and antagonists in the control of bael root rot disease.

scholarly journals The Effect of Fusarium verticillioides Fumonisins on Fatty Acids, Sphingolipids, and Oxylipins in Maize Germlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2435
Author(s):  
Marzia Beccaccioli ◽  
Manuel Salustri ◽  
Valeria Scala ◽  
Matteo Ludovici ◽  
Andrea Cacciotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Ceramide Synthase ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
The Impact

Fusarium verticillioides causes multiple diseases of Zea mays (maize) including ear and seedling rots, contaminates seeds and seed products worldwide with toxic chemicals called fumonisins. The role of fumonisins in disease is unclear because, although they are not required for ear rot, they are required for seedling diseases. Disease symptoms may be due to the ability of fumonisins to inhibit ceramide synthase activity, the expected cause of lipids (fatty acids, oxylipins, and sphingolipids) alteration in infected plants. In this study, we explored the impact of fumonisins on fatty acid, oxylipin, and sphingolipid levels in planta and how these changes affect F. verticillioides growth in maize. The identity and levels of principal fatty acids, oxylipins, and over 50 sphingolipids were evaluated by chromatography followed by mass spectrometry in maize infected with an F. verticillioides fumonisin-producing wild-type strain and a fumonisin-deficient mutant, after different periods of growth. Plant hormones associated with defense responses, i.e., salicylic and jasmonic acid, were also evaluated. We suggest that fumonisins produced by F. verticillioides alter maize lipid metabolism, which help switch fungal growth from a relatively harmless endophyte to a destructive necrotroph.

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