scholarly journals Dissolved reactive phosphorus in runoff assessed by soil extraction with an acetate buffer

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. UUSITALO ◽  
H. JANSSON
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soil Extraction ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Content ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Dissolved Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Soluble P ◽  
Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Test Phosphorus

Agronomic soil test phosphorus (STP) data is, in addition to fertility studies, increasingly utilised in environmental risk assessment. We compared relationships between soil P extracted by acid ammonium acetate (AAAc-P) and water-soluble P (Pw) in laboratory, and AAAc-P and dissolved molybdatereactive P (DRP) in field runoff. The laboratory study suggested a close relationship (R2 = 0.87, n = 64) between AAAc-P and soluble P concentration in 1:100 (w/v) soil-to-water extracts, described by a linear equation:Pw (mg l–1) =0.021 × AAAc-P (mg l–1 soil)– 0.015 (mg l–1). In Lake Rehtijärvi cathcment, dominated by clayey soils, the AAAc-P content of field Ap horizon in a similar manner influenced the flow-weighted DRP concentration in surface runoff and drainflow:a 1 mg l–1 increase in soil AAAc-P corresponded to 0.015 and 0.018 mg l–1 increase in surface runoff and drainflow DRP, respectively. When the AAAc-P vs.Pw relationship obtained in the laboratory test was used to predict the average DRP concentration in edge-of-field runoff, the precision of the DRP estimates inferred from STP data was in 95% of the cases ± 0.10 mg l–1. In the L. Rehtijärvi catchment, 50% of the diffuse DRP loading risk was assigned to an area that corresponded to less than 20% of the fields and the situation may be similar in the national scale.;

scholarly journals The influence of long-term sewage sludge application on the activity of phosphatases in the rhizosphere of plants

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Balík ◽  
D. Pavlíková ◽  
V. Vaněk ◽  
M. Kulhánek ◽  
B. Kotková
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Lower Content ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatases ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Water Soluble P ◽  
Soluble P

Model experiments using rhizoboxes were carried out in order to evaluate the influence of different plants (wheat, rape) on the changes in water extractable contents of P, the pH/H2O value and the activity of acidic and alkaline phosphatase in soil of plant rhizosphere. For this experiment, a Cambisol with different long-term fertilizing systems was used: (i) control (with no fertilizer application), (ii) sewage sludge, and (iii) manure. A lower content of water-soluble P was observed in close vicinities of root surfaces (up to 2 mm) at all the studied variants. The control (non-treated) variant reflected a significantly lower content of water-soluble P in the rhizosphere compared to the fertilized ones. The activities of the acidic and alkaline phosphatases were significantly higher in the rhizosphere compared to the bulk soil (soil outside the rhizosphere). The long-term application of organic fertilizers significantly increased phosphatase activity; the activity of the acidic phosphatase was significantly higher in the rhizosphere of rape plants compared to wheat. The variant treated with manure exhibited an increased activity of both the acidic and alkaline phosphatases compared to the variant treated with sewage sludge. In the case of the variant treated long-term with sewage sludge, the portion of inorganic P to total soil P content proportionally increased compared to the manure-treated variant. Soil of the rape rhizosphere showed a trend of lower pH/H<sub>2</sub>O value of all variants, whereas the wheat rhizosphere showed an opposite pH tendency.

scholarly journals Risk of phosphorus loss in surface runoff from agricultural land in the Baltic Commune of Puck

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Pietrzak ◽  
Grażyna Pazikowska-Sapota ◽  
Grażyna Dembska ◽  
Lidia Anita Dzierzbicka-Glowacka ◽  
Dominika Juszkowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Degree Of P Saturation ◽  
P Content ◽  
Mineral Soils

Background. Risk assessment of Phosphorus (P) losses in surface runoff from agricultural land is the basic measure that should be used as a part of actions taken to counteract the water eutrophication in watercourses and water reservoirs. To assess this risk, a new method has been recently developed based on the determination of degree of P saturation (DPS) which depends on P content in soil determined with the use of distilled water (water-soluble P – WSP). Methods. Based on DPS method, the risk of P losses in surface runoff from agricultural land in Puck Commune (Baltic Sea Coast) was assessed and a critical analysis of assessment results was carried out. The research was conducted on mineral and organic soils from 50 and 11 separate agricultural plots with a total area of 133.82 and 37.23 ha, respectively. In collected soil samples, P content was determined using distilled water (all soil samples), Egner-Riehm method (mineral soils) and extract of 0.5 mol HCl ∙ dm-3 (organic soils). The results of determinations P content in water extract from soils were converted to DPS values, which were classified by appropriate limit intervals. Results & Discussion. It was found that on 96.7% of tested agricultural parcels (96% plots with mineral soils and 100% plots with organic soils) there was a potentially high risk of P losses from soil by surface runoff. At the same time, it was ascertained that in soils from 62% of agricultural plots, there was a large deficiency of plant available P. Due to the above, as well as due to the lack of connection with other factors affecting the P losses in surface runoff such as type of crop and area inclination, it was considered that the assessment based on the DPS index may be unreliable.

scholarly journals Phosphorus Distribution in Delta Sediments: A Unique Data Set from Deer Creek Reservoir

Hydrology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren Casbeer ◽  
Gustavious Williams ◽  
M. Borup
Keyword(s):  
Water Soluble ◽  
Reservoir Sediment ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Water Soluble P ◽  
Surface Samples ◽  
P Content ◽  
Soluble P ◽  
Deer Creek ◽  
Sediment Data ◽  
Delta Sediments

Recently, Deer Creek Reservoir (DCR) underwent a large drawdown to support dam reconstruction. This event exposed sediments inundated by the reservoir, since dam completion in the early 1940s. This event allowed us to take sediment data samples and evaluate them for phosphorous (P) content. It is difficult for normal reservoir sediment studies to have sediment samples at high spatial resolution because of access. During the drawdown, we collected 91 samples on a grid 100 m in one direction and 200 m in the other. This grid defined an area of approximately 750,000 m2 (185 acre). We took both surface samples, and at some sites, vertical samples. We determined water soluble P for all the samples, and P in four other reservoirs or fractions for 19 samples. Results showed water soluble P in the range of 2.28 × 10−3 to 9.81 × 10−3, KCl-P from 2.53 × 10−3 to 1.10 × 10−2, NaOH-P from 5.30 × 10−2 to 4.60 × 10−1, HCl-P from 1.28 × 10−1 to 1.34, and residual (mostly organic) P from 8.23 × 10−1 to 3.23 mg/g. We provide this data set to the community to support and encourage research in this area. We hope this data set will be used and analyzed to support other research efforts.

Soil Testing to Predict Dissolved Reactive Phosphorus Loss in Surface Runoff from Organic Soils

2014 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 1786-1796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.M. Zheng ◽  
T.Q. Zhang ◽  
G. Wen ◽  
C. Kessel ◽  
C.S. Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Soil Testing ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Phosphorus Loss ◽  
Dissolved Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Reactive Phosphorus

Comparison of rhizosphere impacts of two wheat genotypes differing in phosphorus utilization efficiency

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Yan ◽  
W Liu ◽  
X Liu ◽  
G Li ◽  
S Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Water Soluble P ◽  
P Content ◽  
Soluble P

Exploitation of high phosphorus (P) use efficiency genotypes of crops and understanding their rhizosphere P activation mechanisms is essential to development of beneficial management practices for sustainable agricultural production. A pot experiment was carried out to investigate the differences in changes of pH, phosphatase activity, and water-soluble P in the rhizosphere soil and crop growth and P content of two constrasting wheat genotypes (P-efficient, Xiaoyan54, and P-inefficient, Jing411) in a calcareous soil supplied with three rates (0, 50, and 100 mg kg-1 soil, which are coded as P0, P50 and P100, respectively) of fertilizer P. Results showed that root biomass, root/shoot ratio and efficiency index of Xiaoyan54 were significantly higher than those of Jing411 at the same P level. In addition, the roots of Xiaoyan 54 absorbed significantly more P than the roots of Jing 411, except for the P50. The dry weight of shoot biomass was similar between the two wheat genotypes. Wheat biomass and P content in shoot, root and the total for both genotypes increased for P supplied treatments, compared with those without P supply. The rhizosphere acidification capacity of Xiaoyan54 was greater than Jing411 without P addition. However, Xiaoyan54 acidified rhizosphere soil at a larger distance than Jing411 at high P fertilization. The phosphatase activity did not differ between the two genotypes, regardless of the location in the rhizosphere. Soil applied with high P decreased the phosphatase activity for the root surface soil only. Water-soluble P concentration in rhizosphere and the bulk soil were similar for Xiaoyan54 and Jing411, and increased as increasing P levels. Xiaoyan54’s large root biomass and strong acidification ability might be the main mechanisms contributing to high P uptake under P-deficient conditions. Key words: Phosphatase activity, acidification, wheat, genotype, root biomass

scholarly journals Extractability of slurry and fertilizer phosphorus in soil after repeated freezing

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. SOINNE ◽  
T. PELTOVUORI
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Compound Fertilizer ◽  
Repeated Freezing ◽  
Soluble P

The potential effects of freezing on phosphorus (P) chemistry in Finnish soils are not well known. We studied the effects of multiple freeze-thaw cycles on soil P chemistry in a laboratory incubation experiment with one organic and one mineral surface soil. The soils were incubated at +5°C or at alternating +5/–20°C temperatures for 24 weeks, either without amendment or amended with pig slurry or with commercial compound fertilizer (NPK 20–3–9). After incubation, the soils were analyzed for water-soluble reactive and unreactive P, and acid ammonium acetate soluble P (PAAA). Freezing and thawing of soils during the incubation had no significant effect on any of the water-soluble P fractions or PAAA. The outcome was most likely a consequence of the good P status of the soils, which masked the gentle effects of freezing. According to these results, the time of soil sampling (fall vs. spring) has no effect on P test results on soils with a good P status. Concentrations of soluble P after incubation were roughly twice as high in the slurry treatments than in the fertilizer treatments, demonstrating potentially better long-term availability of slurry P.;

scholarly journals Soil and Plant Responses to Phosphorus Inputs from Different Phytase-Associated Animal Diets

Agronomy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Dario Fornara ◽  
Elizabeth M. E. Ball ◽  
Christina Mulvenna ◽  
Henry Reyer ◽  
Michael Oster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Amendment ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Soil Systems ◽  
P Content

The over-supplementation of animal feeds with phosphorus (P) within livestock-production systems leads to high rates of P excretion and thus to high P loads and losses, which negatively impact the natural environment. The addition of phytase to pig and poultry diets can contribute to reducing P excretion; however, cascading effects of phytase on plant–soil systems remain poorly understood. Here, we addressed how three different diets containing various levels of exogenous phytase, i.e., (1) no-phytase, (2) phytase (250 FTU), and (3) superdose phytase (500 FTU) for pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) and broilers (Gallus gallus domesticus) might affect P dynamics in two different plant–soil systems including comfrey (Symphytum ×uplandicum) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne). We found that differences in phytase supplementation significantly influenced total P content (%) of broiler litter and also pig slurry (although not significantly) as a result of dietary P content. P Use Efficiency (PUE) of comfrey and ryegrass plants was significantly higher under the intermediate ‘phytase’ dose (i.e., commercial dose of 250 FTU) when compared to ‘no-phytase’ and ‘superdose phytase’ associated with pig slurry additions. Soil P availability (i.e., water soluble P, WSP) in both comfrey and ryegrass mesocosms significantly decreased under the intermediate ‘phytase’ treatment following pig slurry additions. Dietary P content effects on P losses from soils (i.e., P leaching) were variable and driven by the type of organic amendment. Our study shows how commercial phytase levels together with higher dietary P contents in pig diets contributed to increase PUE and decrease WSP thus making the plant–soil system more P conservative (i.e., lower risks of P losses). Our evidence is that dietary effects on plant–soil P dynamics are driven by the availability of P forms (for plant uptake) in animal excretes and the type of organic amendment (pig vs. broiler) rather than plant species identity (comfrey vs. ryegrass).

Estimating Dissolved Reactive Phosphorus Concentration in Surface Runoff Water from Major Ontario Soils

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1771-1781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. T. Wang ◽  
T. Q. Zhang ◽  
Q. C. Hu ◽  
C. S. Tan ◽  
I. P. O' Halloran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Dissolved Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Reactive Phosphorus

Long-term effects of liquid hog manure on the phosphorus status of a silt loam cropped to corn

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 589-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Royer ◽  
R. R. Simard ◽  
G. M. Barnett ◽  
D. Cluis ◽  
D. A. Angers
Keyword(s):  
Water Contamination ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
P Content ◽  
Hog Manure ◽  
Labile P

Repeated application of animal manure or mineral P fertilizer can significantly increase soil P content and enhance the risk of water contamination. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the long-term (8 yr) effect of liquid hog manure (LHM) applied at high rates and its timing of application on the soil P status and on the risk index of water contamination by P. Spring (S), fall (F), or spring + fall (SF) applications of LHM on a silt loam (Humo Ferric Podzol) were compared to recommended application rates of mineral fertilizer (MF) in a continuous corn (Zea mays L.) system. Total P applied ranged from 7 to 34 kg P ha-1 yr-1 in the MF treatment and from 106 to 150 kg P haP ha-1 yr-1 in the LHM treatments. Soil samples were collected to 1.0-m depth after one, six and eight annual applications. Applying high rates of LHM for 8 consecutive years resulted in a significant (P ≤ 0.10) enrichment in total soil P content relative to MF at the 0- to 20-cm soil depth. The effects of LHM on labile P forms (water soluble P, Pw and Mehlich-III extractable P, M3P) were also restricted to the 0- to 20-cm depth with values as high as 11 mg kg-1 for Pw and 241 mg kg-1 for M3P in the LHM plots. The degree of soil P saturation, evaluated as Pox/(Alox+Feox), increased to 15% in the 0- to 20-cm depth after 6 to 8 yr of LHM application. Saturation values of 12 to 15% were also found at the 80- to 100-cm depth in some LHM plots. The P index rating was always medium (109 to 216) in soil receiving MF but was high (217 to 432) after 6 to 8 yr of heavy LHM applications, which indicates a high potential risk of soil P transfer to surface water. The results of this study showed that timing of application had little influence on long-term soil P status. Overall, applying LHM at high rates greatly increased total soil P, the degree of soil P saturation, and the labile P forms in the surface horizons but had little effects below 20 cm. Key words: Hog manure, soil P, long-term effects, labile P, P saturation

scholarly journals Chloride and sulphate solutions as extractants for soil P: I Effect of ionic species and ionic strength on P desorption 

1982 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-296
Author(s):  
Helinä Hartikainen ◽  
Markku Yli-Halla
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Chloride Solutions ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Water Soluble P ◽  
Soluble P

The effect of Cl and SO2-4, anions as well as that of the ionic strength on the desorption of soil P were studied in 102 mineral soil samples by extracting them with KCI and K2SO4 solutions at ionic strengths of 0.025 and 0.1. The quantities of salt soluble and water soluble P in the soils were compared. Both sulphate solutions extracted more P in every single sample than either of the chloride solutions. On the other hand, the material could be divided into three groups according to the position of water in the order of extraction efficiency. In the group W>S>Cl, consisting of 53 samples, water was the most effective extractant, in the group S>W>Cl of 37 samples water was less effective than sulphate solutions but more effective than the chloride solutions, and in 12 samples (S>Cl>W) water was the least effective, less effective than even chloride. The groups classified according to P extractability did not deviate from each other in terms of soil texture, pH or org. C %, but the salt solutions tended to be the more effective extractants the poorer the P status of the soil was. The salt soluble and water soluble P which are closely related to each other correlated with the same factors. Exclusive of the group of 12 samples (S>Cl>W), the highest value sof correlation coefficient were found for NH4F-P/Al, i.e. the molar ratio of NH4F soluble P (CHANG and JACKSON's method) to oxalate extractable Al (r=0.89***-0.93***). The absolute differences between amounts of P dissolved in KCI and K2SO4 solutions of the same initial ionic strength were the greater the more water soluble P the samples contained (r=0.58* -0.94***). An increase in ionic strength tended to depress the extractability of P in both salt solutions. Therefore the ligand exchange between sulphate and phosphate or hydroxyl was regarded unprobable. A theory of the extraction mechanism of sulphate was presented. The greater extraction efficiency of sulphate was assumed to be caused by the exchange reactions with H2O groups which affect the ionic strength in a solution and the electric condition near the surface.

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