scholarly journals Seed-borne fungi on cruciferous cultivated plants in Finland and their importance in seedling raising

1979 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-379
Author(s):  
Risto Tahvonen
Keyword(s):  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Turnip Rape ◽  
Red Cabbage ◽  
White Cabbage ◽  
Cabbage Seed ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Whetzelinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Cruciferous Plants

The seed-borne fungi of cabbage, swede, turnip, rape, turnip rape, radish and black radish and their importance in seedling raising have been examined in this study. The seed lots used in the study were on sale at seed merchants in Finland during the period 1968 —1976. Alternaria brassicicola (Schw.) Wiltshire was the most common pathogen, being more common on cabbage than on any of the other plant species. 91 % of the white cabbage and red cabbage seed lots were infected. The mean A. brassicicola contents of the infected seed lots were 29.5 % and 30.6 %. Plenodomus lingam (Tode ex Fr.) Höhnel occurred in 10 % of the white cabbage and 27 % of the red cabbage seed lots, the fungus content varying from 0.5 % to 14 %. The fungus was also found on cauliflower, swede and radish. Alternaria brassicae (Berk.) Sacc. was found in 4 % of the cabbage and in 31 % of the rape seed lots at fungus contents of 0.5—6.5 %. Alternaria raphani Groves & Skolko was found in 30 % of the radish and black radish seed lots at fungus contents of 0.5—8 %. The following fungi were also found on the seeds of Cruciferous plants: Pleospora herbarum (Pers.) Rabenh., Whetzelinia sclerotiorum (Lib) Korf & Dumont, Botrytis cinerea Pers., Ulocladium concortiale (Thum.) Simmons, Fusarium spp. and Rhizoctonia solani Kühn as well as 18 fungus genera and species either saprophytic or pathogenic to other plants. When the Alternaria brassicicola content of the seeds was 20 % it caused 10 % damping-off damage on the sand substrate. A similar level of damage occurred on the peat substrate when the fungus content reached 70 %. In addition to causing damping off and damaging the seedlings, the fungus also slowed-down seedling growth without apparently damaging them. When the seedlings were grown at a lower temperature the amount of damage caused by A. brassicicola was much less than that which occurred when a higher temperature was used. Plenodomus lingam caused as much damping-off as there were seeds infected with the fungi. Other seed-borne fungi had no importance in seedling raising. Sphagnum fuscum peat, which is used in Finland as a growth substrate, reduced the amount of damping-off caused by seed-borne fungi in comparison to disinfected substrates and prevented the spread of A. brassicicola and P. lingam from diseased to healthy seeds. Dressing the seeds with thiram proved to be very effective against A. brassicicola.

scholarly journals The biological control of seed-borne Alternaria brassicicola of cruciferous plants with a powdery preparation of Streptomyces sp.

1987 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risto Tahvonen ◽  
Hanna Avikainen
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
Seed Dressing ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Cruciferous Plants ◽  
Different Origin

The effectiveness of a powdery preparation of a Streptomyces sp. isolate as a seed dressing agent against seed-borne Alternaria brassicicola on different Brassica species was investigated in the study. The preparation was made by freeze-drying and milling the biomass produced in a fermentor into a form suitable for use as a dusting agent. Seed dressing was 80—90 % successful in controlling damping-off from seeds artificially infected with A. brassicicola. The effectiveness of dressing remained unchanged on seeds stored under dry conditions for 5—6 weeks, but subsequently decreased slowly and was ca. 50 % six months after dusting. Streptomyces dressing controlled, in a manner comparable to chemical dressing with thiram, damping-off caused by Alternaria fungi on seedlings which were grown from commercial seed lots of different origin. The results of biological control of damping-off did not vary in the peat lots of different origin whose natural disease suppressivity varied considerably. The control result was the same or better than chemical dressing with thiram. The acidity of the substrate (pH 4.8—8.6) had no effect on the effectiveness of biological control. The results obtained against Alternaria damping-off were the same in other substrates clay, fine sand and mull as in peat.

Biocontrol of Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria brassicicola on Dutch white cabbage by bacterial antagonists at cold-store temperatures

1993 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. LEIFERT ◽  
D. C. SIGEE ◽  
R. STANLEY ◽  
C. KNIGHT ◽  
H. A. S. EPTON
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Bacterial Antagonists ◽  
White Cabbage ◽  
Cold Store

scholarly journals Research on possibilities of utilization of chosen Brassicaceae plants in protection of cucumber against damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn and Fusarium culmorum (W.G.Smith)Sacc.

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew J. Burgieł
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Volatile Substances ◽  
Red Cabbage ◽  
Fungistatic Activity ◽  
Total Inhibition

The aim of the work was to determine the usefulness of dried leaves of savoy cabbage, red cabbage, horse radish and fringed cabbage in protection of cucumber against damping-off caused by fungi <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> and <i>Fusarium culmorum</i>. In the laboratory experiments, pathogens were grown on PDA containing dried leaves (3g·100 cm<sup>-3</sup>) and in atmosphere containing volatile substances evolved from plant material. The addition of radish horse leaves into PDA caused total inhibition of <i>R. solani</i> development. Remaining plants were also characterized by high fungistatic activity (% of growth inhibition about 85%). <i>F. culmorum</i> was less sensitive. The horse radish leaves showed the strongest activity (65 %), weakest in combination with fringed cabbage leaves (38,9%). The similar regularity in the case of fumigation activity was observed. The effectiveness of dried leaves in protection of cucumber against damping-off was confirmed in greenhouse experiment. The amendment of soil inoculated with <i>R. solani</i> in dose 2 g per 500 cm<sup>3</sup> of soil significantly increased the number of cucumber sprouts compared to the control. In the experiment with <i>F. culmorum</i> only in combination with horse radish and red cabbage leaves significant action was observed.

scholarly journals Rhizoctonia solani damping-off on spring turnip rape and spring rape (Brassica spp.) in Finland

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risto Tahvonen ◽  
Jukka Hollo ◽  
Asko Hannukkala
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Turnip Rape ◽  
Brassica Spp ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Spring Rape

Damping-off occurred in 90 % of the spring oilseed rape fields surveyed in 1981—1982. On the average, 10 % of the plants were infected with damping-off.6 % of the fields were severely infected (> 30 % of the plants affected) by damping-off and 38 % were uninfected or only slightly infected ( ≤ 5% of the plants affected). The incidence of damping-off was higher in those fields which had been under oilseed rape in earlier years. Ina crop rotation experiment, the amount of damping-off increased from 2 % to 20 %, and finally to 38 %, depending upon whether turnip rape had been grown on the same part of the field once, twice or three times. Crops other than Cruciferous ones were grown for 1 or 3 years between the turnip rape crops. Rhizoctonia solani Kühn was isolated from 76 % of the affected plants. The R. solani isolates produced severe damping-off on rape and turnip rape in pathogenicity tests. R. solani isolates from barley, potato and lettuce brought about only mild cases of damping-off, or else only a decrease in the growth of the plants. Fusarium avenaceum Sacc. was the only other isolated fungus which was pathogenic.

scholarly journals First report of Rhizoctonia solani AG 4 HG-I causing damping off and wirestem of white cabbage in Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 587-587
Author(s):  
Sevilay Saygi ◽  
Ismail Erper ◽  
Goksel Ozer ◽  
Muharrem Turkkan
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
First Report ◽  
White Cabbage

Alternaria brassicicola. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
White Cabbage ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
In Transit ◽  
Considerable Damage

Abstract A description is provided for Alternaria brassicicola. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Cruciferae, esp. cabbage and cauliflower. DISEASE: On leaves forming dark brown to almost black circular, zonate spots, 1-10 mm diam. More common and causing more severe disease than A. brassicae (CMI Descript. 162) in seed crops. White cabbage and cauliflower are subject to particularly severe attacks; Savoy cabbage is relatively free. May cause considerable damage to cabbage and cauliflower in transit. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread and common N.W. Europe; found also in Australia, Burma, Canada, Ceylon, Cyprus, Ethiopia, Ghana, Great Britain, Guinea, Hong Kong, India, Jamaica, Japan, Libya, Malawi, Malaya, Mauritius, Nepal, Netherlands, New Guinea, New Zealand, Nigeria, Rhodesia, Rumania, Sabah, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Turkey, Uganda, U.S.A., Zambia. TRANSMISSION: Seed-borne.

scholarly journals Storage fungi of cabbage and their control

1981 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-227
Author(s):  
Risto Tahvonen
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Storage Fungi ◽  
Duration Of Storage ◽  
Whetzelinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Storage Temperatures ◽  
Unidentified Fungus

Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr. was found in 40—100 %, in most cases 60—80 %, of the stored cabbages examined during 1975—80. The correlation between the B. cinerea—% and the trimming losses was highly significant when storage lasted for more than 5 months. The trimming losses in infected cabbage lots were 30—50%, while in healthy lots they were only 10—20 %. The numbers of B. cinerea remained constant on the same lots, irrespective of the duration of storage. The fungus caused a considerable amount of spoilage at rather low storage temperatures of—0.5—0°C. Alternaria brassicicola (Schw.) Wiltshire, Plenodomus lingam (Tode ex Fr.) Höhnel, Typhula brassicae (Berg, ex Fr.) Vang, Whetzelinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) Korf & Dumont, and an otherwise unidentified fungus, which presumably belonged to the Basidiomycetes and was only found growing on living cabbages, were present in small numbers or else were significant pathogens in individual stores in certain years only. Spraying with benomyl or thiophanatemethyl one or two weeks before harvesting decreased to a highly significant degree the numbers of B. cinerea on the cabbages, the commercial quality increasing by 8—25 %. Spraying during the growing season did not affect the numbers of any of the other storage pathogens.

scholarly journals Preliminary experiments into the use of Streptomyces spp. isolated from peat in the biological control of soil and seed-borne diseases in peat culture 

1982 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 357-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risto Tahvonen
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Seeding Layer ◽  
Streptomyces Spp

Streptomyces spp. isolates obtained from peat effectively inhibited the growth of Alternaria brassicicola Wiltshire, Fusarium culmorum (W. G. Smith) Sacc., F. sulphureum Schlechtendahl, Pythium debaryanum auct. non Hesse and Rhizoctonia solani Kühn on PDA medium, but Streptomyces spp. isolates from fine sand soil were not effective against F. culmorum compared to the strains isolated from peat. Treatment of cauliflower seeds with Streptomyces spp. isolated from peat effectively controlled damping-off caused by A. brassicicola and R. solani when the seedlings were grown on either disinfected or fresh peat. Spraying the seeding layer of the peat substrate with a suspension of Streptomyces reduced the mortality of barley sprouts and foot rot caused by F. culmorum, and damping-off on sugar beet caused by P. debaryanum.

scholarly journals The Influence of Host Plants on Herbivore Community Composition on Brassica Crops in Western Siberia

ISRN Botany ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Shternshis ◽  
I. V. Andreeva ◽  
E. I. Shatalova
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Red Cabbage ◽  
Brassica Crops ◽  
White Cabbage ◽  
Herbivore Community ◽  
The Common ◽  
Plant Herbivore ◽  
Biological Insect Control

Experiments on three varieties of Brassica oleracea (white cabbage, red cabbage, and cauliflower) were conducted during the years 2008–2011 in Western Siberia (Russia) to study the influence of host plant on herbivore infestation. The results revealed the evidence of different infestation of white cabbage, red cabbage, and cauliflower by the common herbivores in Western Siberia. Flea beetles as the earliest herbivores preferred to infest white cabbage. Contrary to those herbivores, M. brassicae and P. xylostella larvae infested red cabbage most of all. The latest herbivore of all plants studied, P. brassicae, preferred cauliflower but not red cabbage. The possible contribution of some factors in summary effects observed in the study was discussed. Further studies are being planned in which tritrophic interaction including B. oleracea plant, herbivore, and microbial insecticides should be investigated. These studies will help to develop biological insect control on Brassica oleracea crops in order to supply ecologically safe plant protection.

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