scholarly journals The Effects of Exchange Rate on Norway’s Bilateral Trade Flow to the UK Via Maritime and Other Transport Modes: Does the ‘Marshall-Lerner’ Condition Hold?

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
Naima Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Flow ◽  
Bilateral Trade Flow ◽  
Transport Modes ◽  
The Uk

Institutional Quality and Trade Flow: Empirical Evidence from Malaysia and Other OIC Member Countries in Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 097508782098717
Author(s):  
Hammed Agboola Yusuf ◽  
Luqman Olanrewaju Afolabi ◽  
Waliu Olawale Shittu ◽  
Kafilah Lola Gold ◽  
Murtala Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Flow ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Bilateral Trade Flow ◽  
World Governance Indicators ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the impact of institutional quality on bilateral trade flow between Malaysia and selected 25 African Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) member countries. Four institutional qualities were selected from World Governance Indicators with other trade predictors from the period from 1985 to 2016. Using gravity model of trade and Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood estimation method (PPML) technique, the results confirm that government effectiveness, regulatory quality and political stability have an adverse effect on bilateral trade flow among the OIC countries in Africa. On the other hand, these institutional quality variables were considered as a strength for Malaysian economic growth. Therefore, better institutional quality reforms are needed among OIC member countries in Africa in order to accelerate trade, economic growth and development in their region.

scholarly journals The Consequences of Foreign Direct Investments in Redefining Bilateral Trade Flow in Nigeria: A Gravity Panel Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-379
Author(s):  
Saidu D Muhammad ◽  
Kenneth O Diyoke ◽  
Nnanna P Azu
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Trade Flow ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Bilateral Trade Flow ◽  
The Impact

Most of the Nigerian government’s transformation agenda is geared toward creating and enabling business environments to attract foreign direct investment. Opinions are divided as to the impact of foreign investment on trade and this researcher believed it could be either positive or negative. Hence, this research is to ascertain the magnitude of foreign investment’s impact on Nigeria’s bilateral trade. Integrating foreign direct investment in the gravity model, we applied the PPML technique because of its robustness and ability to recognise zero trade. We segregated foreign investment into three-flow, stock and its annual growth. Our estimation revealed that foreign direct investment stock impacts negatively on bilateral trade flow in Nigeria for both exports and imports and it is robust with the overall sample. Exporters’ foreign direct investment inflow was also revealed to have an impact on bilateral trade in Nigeria. But in all ramifications the magnitude of the negative impact is relatively small but statistically significant reflecting that trade and inward foreign investment are at least substitutes. Nigeria should further encourage inward foreign investment to further stimulate economic growth and aid in creating import substitution.

scholarly journals AN EXAMINATION OF RECENT TRENDS, COMPOSITION AND TRADE INTENSITY OF NIGERIA-BRAZIL BILATERAL RELATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Kabiru Hannafi Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Flow ◽  
Trade Intensity ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Intensity Index ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Bilateral Trade Flow ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
High Possibility

This paper examines the trends, composition and trade intensity of Nigeria-Brazil bilateral trade relations for the period 2000-2017. Tables, graphs, and trade intensity index were employed. The results indicate that Nigeria's trade with Brazil has significantly recorded impressive growth. However, the share of major products exported to Brazil over the period remained insignificant with the exception of mineral fuels. The results further show that the share of major products imported from Brazil is significant, indicating that Brazilian exports to Nigeria are more diversified than that of Nigeria's export to Brazil. The trade intensity index indicates high trade intensities between the countries and the high possibility of increasing bilateral trade flow. Based on these findings, the study recommends the need for Nigeria’s export to be restructured in order to reduce the prevailing role of mineral fuels to Nigeria's exports through diversification and identification of new export opportunities in Brazilian markets.

External Sector: Between Congestion and Sanctions—‘Syrian Economy Case, 1987–2018’

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-401
Author(s):  
Forat Suliman ◽  
Homam Khwanda
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Trade Flow ◽  
Bilateral Trade Flow ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Trade Sector ◽  
External Sector ◽  
The Impact

Since the outbreak of the Syrian crisis in March 2011, the USA, European Union, Arab League and several other regulatory entities imposed negative economic sanctions on Syria—some of the most comprehensive ever implemented. This article first provides an assessment of Syrian foreign trade sector during the reform period of the 2000s and its impact on economic growth. Second, it estimates the impact of sanctions and conflict on the trade sector of the Syrian economy. The analysis is conducted using a panel-gravity model between Syria and 78 trading partners (1987–2017). Multilateral sanctions and conflict-related disruptions demonstrate a large significant negative impact on Syria-bilateral trade flow by 65 per cent. We attempt to find out whether the Syrian economy was able to divert trade away from Europe and/or conduct de-Europeanisation. Findings confirm that the Syrian economy was unable to divert trade flow to Asian and other countries due to the conflict-related congestion and distance factor. JEL: C33, F10

scholarly journals Measuring the impact of agricultural production shocks on international trade flows

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 1094-1132
Author(s):  
Shon M Ferguson ◽  
Johan Gars
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Flow ◽  
Trade Costs ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Unit Value ◽  
Cent Increase ◽  
Bilateral Trade Flow ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The purpose of this study is to measure the sensitivity of traded quantities and trade unit values to agricultural production shocks. We develop a general equilibrium model of trade in which production shocks in exporting countries affect both traded quantities and trade unit values. The model includes per-unit trade costs and develops a methodology to quantify their size exploiting the trade unit value data. Using bilateral trade flow data for a large sample of countries and agricultural commodities, we find that the intensive margin of trade is relatively inelastic to production shocks, with a 1 per cent increase in production leading to a 0.5 per cent increase in exports. We also find that per-unit trade costs are large, comprising 15–20 per cent of import unit values on average. Overall, our results suggest that there is room for improving trade as a mechanism for coping with food production volatility.

scholarly journals WTO AND INDIA PAKISTAN TRADE RELATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javid Ahmad Khan ◽  
Dr Sarita Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Flow ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Trade Relation ◽  
Trade Effect ◽  
Bilateral Trade Flow ◽  
Econometric Approach ◽  
Economic Ties ◽  
The Impact

In this paper an effort is made to study the impact of WTO on India Pakistan trade relation. The present study is based on secondary data. The annual time series from 1983-84 to 2008-09 is used, which is divided into two sub periods from 1983 to 1995, before WTO and from 1995 to 2008, after WTO. Non -Econometric and Econometric approaches have been used. In non-econometric approach calculation of the chain index, graphs and tabulation, ratios, percentages, growth rates all these techniques were used for analysis. The shares in percentage terms have been calculated. Under econometric approach GDP of three economies are taken as independent variables and bilateral trade flow as dependent variable. The reasons for taken these three variables are to analyze it in context of the size of three economies at large. In this way the model is restricted gravity model of the trade which supported that trade is positively related with the size of the economies and inversely with distance. Simple test of stability of parameters has worked out to know the impact statistically.  It was found that there was not a significant impact of the WTO on the bilateral trade of India and Pakistan.  Following the findings the study recommended that in order to make any policy effective the realization of the mutual benefit from the bilateral trade is important. The study also provides scope that to make any policy effective close economic ties are important for both counties which will not have trade effect but restoration of political stability effect as well.

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