scholarly journals Effect of Extended Transit and Temperature Variations on EID50 Values of Thermostable NDVI-2 Vaccines

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Egbuji ◽  
A. A. Chukwuedo ◽  
L. N. Shedua ◽  
J. K. Gyallak ◽  
L. N. Swomen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Veterinary Research ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
Cold Condition ◽  
Control Division ◽  
National Veterinary Research Institute ◽  
Thermostable Vaccine

Temperature alterations due to poor cold keeping condition have consistently posed a challenge to vaccines dose EID50 titre value. The sensitivity of Newcastle disease vaccine to temperature variations due to poor cold storage condition in rural settings, led to the development of the NDVI-2 thermostable vaccine, which is known to exhibit a thermostability of 3 hours at 56 °C. In this study, three Newcastle disease vaccines (NDVI-2) with EID50 titre per dose values of log10 EID50 7.7, 7.6 and 6.75 respectively from vaccine production facility at the National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Vom Nigeria, were sent for certification at African Union laboratory at Debre Zeit, Ethiopia under cold condition; using ice packs for cold chain maintenance. Tracking of the vaccine in the course of freight to the certifying laboratory revealed changes in the original transit route by the airline and delay by custom at the receiving country port. Thus, a 12 hours transit freight was delayed for over 7 days before arrival at the certifying laboratory. Though, the EID50 titre per dose values of these vaccines were originally well above recommended EID50 5.5 per dose value by log 2.2, log 2.1 and log 1.25 for NDVI-2 respectively. Comparing these vaccines EID50 values obtained from the certifying laboratory in relation to values initially obtained by the Quality Control Division of the producing Institute (NVRI), revealed  loss of EID50  titre per dose value by log101.2, and log10 0.8 among two of the certified vaccine batches; with one of the certified vaccines retaining its original EID50 titre per dose value. This result attest that NDVI-2 thermostable vaccine produced at NVRI, Vom Nigeria are robust and of high quality. Thus, the findings of this study have further demonstrated that temperature variations, prolonged vaccine transportation under poor cold chain can affect the EID50 per dose value of a wholesome, field fit vaccine irrespective of the vaccine thermostability.

scholarly journals A STUDY OF LACTATION CURVES OF IMPORTED FRESIAN CATTLE IN A TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 137-139
Author(s):  
J. A Ibwawuchi
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Tropical Environment ◽  
Veterinary Research Institute ◽  
Veterinary Research ◽  
Friesian Cattle ◽  
National Veterinary Research Institute ◽  
Research Institute

In 586 .iortrial laciabons of 150 Friesian cattle maintained at the National Veterinary' Research institute, Vom, from 1968 to 1983. Maximum milk production ,was attained in the fifth week of lactation. The fourth and sixth lactation curves showed superiority over the first, second, third and fifth. The curves apparently indicate that culling of unproductive animals before the 6th lactation could be economically unreasonable.

Molecular characterisation of Mycobacterium caprae strains isolated in Poland

2017 ◽  
Vol 182 (10) ◽  
pp. 292-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Krajewska-Wędzina ◽  
Monika Kozińska ◽  
Blanka Orłowska ◽  
Marcin Weiner ◽  
Krzysztof Szulowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Molecular Characterisation ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Veterinary Research ◽  
Mycobacterium Caprae ◽  
Explicit Mention ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
National Veterinary Research Institute

Bovine tuberculosis (bovine TB, bTB) is caused by bovine bacilli: Mycobacterium bovis and M caprae. The studies conducted in Poland, in the National Bovine Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory in the Department of Microbiology of the National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy, show that animal tuberculosis in Poland is also caused by M caprae. We here describe the identification and genotypic assessment of 52 isolates of M caprae obtained from Polish cattle and wild animals over the last five years. We show that strains isolated from bison have significant genotypic diversity and are distinct compared with the genotypes of strains isolated from cattle. Similarly, isolates from cattle herds can be highly genotypically variable. Formal designation of the members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex is controversial in Poland; there is a gap in veterinary legislation with regard to bTB and no explicit mention of M caprae causing tuberculosis in animal.

scholarly journals Phosphoprotein Contributes to the Thermostability of Newcastle Disease Virus

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Huairan Liu ◽  
Feng Cong ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
Ran Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
P Protein ◽  
Growth Properties ◽  
Similar Growth ◽  
Thermostable Vaccine ◽  
Chimeric Viruses

Newcastle disease (ND), caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is highly contagious and represents a major threat to the poultry industry. The thermostable vaccines are not insensitive to heat and ease of storage and transportation, but the mechanism of NDV thermostability remains unknown. The phosphoprotein (P), fusion protein (F), hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein (HN), and large polymerase protein (L) are associated with NDV virulence. The association between F, HN, or L and viral thermostability has been, respectively, studied in different reports. However, the effects of P on NDV thermostability have not been demonstrated. Here, we utilized an existing reverse genetics system in our laboratory, to generate chimeric viruses by exchanging the P protein between the thermostable NDV4-C strain and the thermolabile LaSota strain. Chimeric viruses were found to possess similar growth properties, passage stability, and virulence, as compared to those of these parental strains. Interestingly, the thermostability of the chimera with P derived from the thermolabile LaSota strain was reduced compared to that of the parental virus, and P of the thermostable NDV4-C strain enhanced chimeric virus thermostability. Our data demonstrate that P is an important factor for the thermostability of NDV and provides information regarding the molecular mechanism of NDV thermostability; moreover, these results suggest a theoretical basis for using the NDV4-C strain as a thermostable vaccine.

scholarly journals Prevalence Study of Gastrointestinal Helminth in Domestics Dogs (Canis Familiaris) Slaughtered in Selected Abattoirs in Plateau State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Armstrong Yusuf Chanding ◽  
Yahaya Abdullahi Umar ◽  
Tanko James Tenshak ◽  
Shuaibu Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Veterinary Research ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminth ◽  
Dipylidium Caninum ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Plateau State ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites ◽  
National Veterinary Research Institute

Being that dogs are domestic animals to man, they are also consumed as meat. This study therefore aimed to determine the presence of gastrointestinal helminth of dogs in the two Local Government Areas of Plateau State, Nigeria namely Jos South and Pankshin and also to identify possible risk factors of zoonosis. Gastrointestinal content of 228 slaughtered dogs in abattoirs were selected randomly from Unguwarkare in Jos South and Kurum, in Pankshin LGAs. Samples were conveyed to the parasitological division of the National Veterinary Research Institute (N.V.R.I) Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria for analysis. The Post-mortem Differential Parasite Counts procedure as described by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) was used for the analysis. Of the total 228 feacal samples analysed, 138 (60.53%) were positive for at least one of the intestinal parasites. Among the gastrointestinal helminth, Taenia pisiformis, Dipylidium caninum and Echinococusgranulosus were the cestodes recorded with prevalence of 36.84%, 12.72% and 1.75% respectively. Nematodes recorded were Ancylostoma caninum (3.51%), Toxocaracanis (4.83%) and Trichurisvulpis(0.88%). However, from the 114 samples collected from Unguwarkare study area, 77(67.54%) were positive for the various intestinal helminthes which include Taenia spp. (42.98%), D. caninum (1316%) and E. granulosus (2.63%). As for the nematodes, A. caninum, T. canis and T. vulpis recorded 3.51%, 2.63% and 0.88% prevalences respectively. The parasites recorded from the remaining 114 samples analysed at Kurum include 28.95% T. pisiformis, 12.28% D. caninum and 0.88% E. granulosus while the nematodes recorded wereT. Canis (7.02%), A. caninum (3.51%) and T. vulpis (0.88%). The study revealed the presence of zoonotic gastrointestinal helminthes in dogs in the study areas with highest infection rate recorded at Unguwarkare in Jos South LGA compared with those of Kurum community of Pankshin LGA. Therefore, the general public in the said areas are at high risk of being infected with any of the zoonotic parasites. 

scholarly journals Viral infections in goose flocks in Poland

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Kozdruń ◽  
G. Woźniakowski ◽  
E. Samorek-Salamonowicz ◽  
H. Czekaj
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Capsid Protein ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Veterinary Research ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Goose Parvovirus ◽  
National Veterinary Research Institute ◽  
Different Parts

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the infectious agents isolated from infection - suspected geese sent for the diagnostic examination to National Veterinary Research Institute. The birds were sent from goose flocks localized in different parts of Poland. Totally, 1,013 birds from 122 flocks were examined. The presence of goose parvovirus (GPV), goose haemorrhagic polyomavirus (GHPV), and goose circovirus (GoCV) was detected by triplex PCR. The presence of GPV DNA was shown in 36 flocks. The disease was most frequently diagnosed in goslings aging 3.5 weeks (ten flocks), and 2.5 weeks (six flocks). The analysis of the nucleotide sequence of VP1 encoding region has shown close similarity of Polish GPV strains within the group which ranged from 92% to 100%. Moreover, the similarity level of these strains with GPV isolated in Europe was from 91.3% to 100%. The occurrence of GoCV DNA was shown in 25 goose flocks. The presence of GoCV DNA was found among geese aged from 2 to 6 weeks, but predominantly in those aging 3.5 (three flocks) and 5 weeks (five flocks). The sequence analysis of PCR products from the sequenced region of ORFC1 capsid protein of GoCV has shown that Polish isolates share from 85% to 91% similarity with the sequences of GoCV strains isolated in other countries. The presence of DNA of GHPV was found in 3-week-old geese. During the last 2 years the presence of GHPV was confirmed in three flocks of goslings at the age from 3 to 3.5 weeks. During the last 12 years the occurrence of co-infection with GPV and GoCV was detected in six flocks aging from 5 to 6 weeks.

scholarly journals Vaccine Quality Is a Key Factor to Determine Thermal Stability of Commercial Newcastle Disease (ND)Vaccines

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 363
Author(s):  
Nabila Osman ◽  
Danny Goovaerts ◽  
Serageldeen Sultan ◽  
Jeremy Salt ◽  
Christian Grund
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Thermal Inactivation ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Vaccine Preparation ◽  
Virus Dose ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Vaccination against Newcastle disease (ND), a devastating viral disease of chickens, is often hampered by thermal inactivation of the live vaccines, in particular in tropical and hot climate conditions. In the past, “thermostable” vaccine strains (I-2) were proposed to overcome this problem but previous comparative studies did not include formulation-specific factors of commercial vaccines. In the current study, we aimed to verify the superior thermal stability of commercially formulated I-2 strains by comparing six commercially available ND vaccines. Subjected to 37 °C as lyophilized preparations, two vaccines containing I-2 strains were more sensitive to inactivation than a third I-2 vaccine or compared to three other vaccines based on different ND strains. However, reconstitution strains proved to have a comparable tenacity. Interestingly, all vaccines still retained a sufficient virus dose for protection (106 EID50) after 1 day at 37 °C. These results suggest that there are specific factors that influence thermal stability beyond the strain-specific characteristics. Exposing ND vaccines to elevated temperatures of 51 and 61 °C demonstrated that inactivation of all dissolved vaccines including I-2 vaccine strains occurred within 2 to 4 h. The results revealed important differences among the vaccines and emphasize the importance of the quality of a certain vaccine preparation rather than the strain it contains. These data highlight that regardless of the ND strain used for vaccine preparation, the appropriate cold chain is mandatory for keeping live ND vaccines efficiency in hot climates.

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