Repatriation as a Solution of Afghan Refugee Crisis:  A Critical Overview

Since 1979, the Afghan refugee crisis is the second largest refugee crisis in the world which is termed as “Protracted Refugee Situation”. Since then, the neighboring countries, the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan have provided support in terms of sheltering the refugees and conducting the measures of durable solutions. Last year, it marked the fourth decade of the crisis, and there is still no permanent solution. Different measures have been taken, among them, Solutions Strategy for Afghan Refugees (SSAR) is the most significant one. In this paper, a qualitative approach involving secondary data sources critically evaluates the effects of repatriation as a solution to the Afghan refugee crisis. This paper had tried to illustrate significant initiatives taken by UNHCR and the governments of Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iran along with the international community. In conclusion, some policies are recommended to make voluntary repatriation more effective.

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The poet’s melancholy

Medicine Anthropology Theory | An open-access journal in the anthropology of health illness and medicine ◽

10.17157/mat.2.3.194 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Zuzanna Olszewska

Keyword(s):

Mental Distress ◽

Social Suffering ◽

Islamic Republic ◽

Afghan Refugees ◽

Afghan Refugee ◽

The Social ◽

Collective Experience ◽

Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽

The Relationship

This article considers the relationship between depressed affect, a long-term refugee situation, and poetry among Afghan refugees in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Based on ethnographic fieldwork on the changing subjectivities of Afghan refugee poets, it explores the relationship between a perception of collective suffering, individual mental distress, and creativity in this community. Rather than establishing diagnostic criteria for depression among Afghans, the article is mostly concerned with the social and cultural ripples of psychological distress resulting from decades of war, displacement, and marginalization in the host country. It seeks to complicate biomedical understandings of depression by drawing on anthropological studies of dysphoria in Iran and on the collective experience of social suffering and structural violence. Through a discussion of four poets and their work, it explores the productive aspects of depression and the therapeutic, political, and transcendental potential of writing poetry.

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Roots, Repatriation, and Refuge: Pakistan and the Afghan Refugee Crisis

USURJ University of Saskatchewan Undergraduate Research Journal ◽

10.32396/usurj.v6i3.456 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Irteqa Khan

Keyword(s):

Research Paper ◽

Refugee Crisis ◽

Asian Continent ◽

Refugee Population ◽

Afghan Refugees ◽

Afghan Refugee ◽

The World ◽

The Status ◽

Objective View ◽

Political Economic

In the world today, registered Afghan refugees total approximately 1.6 million with one to two million more living undocumented in border nations like Iran and Pakistan. They are the largest ‘protracted’ refugee population on the Asian continent and have existed in a perpetual state of displacement since the Soviet-Afghan War from late 1970-1980. The status of these refugees in Pakistan today remains steadfastly connected to the concepts of displacement, migration, settlement, and repatriation. This research paper explores how the Afghan refugee crisis evolved within the confines of socio-cultural, political, economic, and historical crises created and imposed by international actors who sought to control it for their own purposes. A major component of finding a solution to the Afghan refugee crisis requires us to move away from the overworked ‘objective’ view of their situation and toward a more subjective identification of their personhood as refugees, and this act pulls into itself the question of how they dealt with and continue to deal with refuge and resettlement in Pakistan. Furthermore, the Afghan refugee crisis is an ongoing global dispute involving human lives that requires much more attention and sincerity than it has received.

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An accelerated nutrition transition in Iran

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1079/phn2001287 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 5 (1a) ◽

pp. 149-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 210

Author(s):

Hossein Ghassemi ◽

Gail Harrison ◽

Kazem Mohammad

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Nutrition Transition ◽

Rapid Change ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Islamic Republic ◽

Demographic Trends ◽

Income Levels ◽

Nutrient Density ◽

Food Utilisation ◽

Islamic Republic Of Iran

Abstract:Objective:To describe the emergence of the nutrition transition, and associated morbidity shifts, in the Islamic Republic of Iran.Design:Review and analysis of secondary data relating to the socio-political and nutritional context, demographic trends, food utilisation and consumption patterns, obesity, and diet-related morbidity.Results and conclusions:The nutrition transition in Iran is occurring rapidly, secondary to the rapid change in fertility and mortality patterns and to urbanisation. The transition is occurring against the backdrop of lack of sustained economicgrowth. There is considerable imbalance in food consumption with low nutrient density characterising diets at all income levels, over-consumption evident among more than a third of households, and food insecurity among 20% of the population. Obesity is an emerging problem, particularly in urban areas and for women, and both diabetes and other risk factors for heart disease are becoming significant problems.

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Health and nutrition survey of Afghan refugees in the Islamic Republic of Iran / prepared by P. Rezai.

10.2458/azu_acku_pamphlet_hv640_5_a28_h435_1988 ◽

1988 ◽

Keyword(s):

Islamic Republic ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

Afghan Refugees ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Islamic Republic Of Iran

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Characteristics of tuberculosis patients in Yazd province, Islamic Republic of Iran, 1997-99

Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal ◽

10.26719/2004.10.1-2.175 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 10 (1-2) ◽

pp. 175-179

Author(s):

M. H. Salarri ◽

A. B. Kalantari

Keyword(s):

Catchment Area ◽

Age Group ◽

Islamic Republic ◽

Average Annual Rate ◽

Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Tuberculosis Patients ◽

Afghan Refugees ◽

Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽

Extra Pulmonary ◽

Annual Proportion

We determined the incidence of tuberculosis and some demographic characteristics among 604 patients in a 3-year period [1997-99] in Yazd province, Islamic Republic of Iran. The average annual rate of tuberculosis was 26.8 per 100 000 [22.9 in males and 31.0 per 100 000 in females]. The highest rate of tuberculosis was in the > 50 years age group [111.1 per 100 000]. The average annual proportion of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis cases was 75.8% and 24.2% respectively. On average 66.7% of TB patients were cured, 8.4% transferred to a different catchment area, 17.7% were treatment failures and 7.1% died. Of the total, 63.2% were Iranian, 36.1% Afghan refugees. Despite efforts in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of patients and refugees, tuberculosis is still an important problem in this province

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Catching Up With and Integrating With Secondary Data Sources

PsycCRITIQUES ◽

10.1037/a0022520 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 56 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Francis C. Staskon

Keyword(s):

Secondary Data ◽

Data Sources ◽

Catching Up ◽

Secondary Data Sources

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Kepemimpinan Demokratis Kepala Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Prestasi di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Model Palangka Raya

Restorica Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi Negara dan Ilmu Komunikasi ◽

10.33084/restorica.v2i2.737 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 6-9

Author(s):

Shanty Bahar Ising ◽

Mujiono Mujiono

Keyword(s):

Secondary Data ◽

Data Sources ◽

Primary Data ◽

Democratic Leadership ◽

Model State ◽

Teachers And Students ◽

Secondary Data Sources ◽

Conceptual Skills ◽

To Receive ◽

Teacher Trainer

This study aims to find out, describe and analyze the democratic leadership of the Principal in improving achievement at the Palangka Raya Model State Madrasah (MAN). The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The researcher wanted to describe the Principal's democratic leadership in improving achievement at the Palangka Raya Model State Islamic Senior High School (MAN). Primary data sources (person) are the Principal, Teachers (Teachers) and Students of MAN Model Palangka Raya. Whereas secondary data sources are the data in the Palangka Raya Model MAN and supporting literature. The results of the study show that the Principal's leadership in improving achievement in the Palangka Raya Model MAN is very democratic, this condition can be seen from: (1) Principals are happy to receive suggestions, opinions and even criticism from subordinates both delivered by students and teachers through suggestion boxes and in the teacher council meeting, (2) the Principal always strives to prioritize teamwork cooperation in an effort to achieve the goal by appointing the instructor teacher, trainer teacher and mentor teacher and conducting deliberation in planning, implementing and evaluating activities, (3) the Principal always tries to make subordinates more success than him, which is realized by including teachers in seminars, workshops, training and competitions so that they get achievements both locally and nationally, and (4) Principals always try to develop their personal capacity as good leaders in conceptual skills, human skill and technical skill.

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FLOOD ADAPTIVE SETTLEMENTS TOWARDS URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN THE RIPARIAN OF MEUREUDU RIVER, ACEH PROVINCE, INDONESIA

Malaysian Journal of Sustainable Environment ◽

10.24191/myse.v6i2.8685 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Mirza Irwansyah ◽

Cut Nursaniah ◽

Laila Qadri

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Methods ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Easy Access ◽

Water Runoff ◽

Pattern Design ◽

The People ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Aceh Province ◽

Secondary Data Sources ◽

Residential Pattern

Meureudu Riparian in the past was a place of a collective settlements; it was then developed to become a Meureudu City in Aceh Province, Indonesia. Initially, it was formed as traditional fishermen settlements but now has shifted into semi-modern settlements. However, the settlements developed sporadically to form an unplanned pattern of settlements. This condition resulted in low maintaining river and non-adaptive existence of the dwellings with the environment. Floods occur repeatedly in the river that affected great lost to the community. This study aimed to propose residential pattern design and adaptive settlements with Meureudu River riparian. Easy access roads to markets will facilitate economy growth to the people. This will also cause large numbers of unbridled migrants to enter and build settlements. In this study the a combination of quantitative methods based on interview data and questionnaires and qualitative exploratory methods based on field observation were used. The data were collected through observation, field measurement and secondary data sources. The results show that the condition of settlements along the river basin do not reflect the culture of the river. In order not to further aggravate the condition of the settlement and its impact on the occupants, we recommended two types of houses, namely in the form of stage and non-stage. The stage houses are located on the riverfront with an orientation overlooking the river. Additionally, undersea area can be used as security from the puddle of river water runoff during the flood and as a garden area and public while dry, while at a distance of 100 meters from the river non-stage houses form would be built because the runoff of flood water no longer affects the occupancy.

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