Visualisation of Naturally Ventilated House in Tropical Hilly Area of Indonesia, Case Study: Vatutela Village, Tondo Hills, Palu

The settlement of Vatutela village’s in Tondo hills Palu has only one road access with a linear residential pattern following the topography. This situation affects the pattern of wind flowing through the settlement areas, which is undoubtedly affecting the house’s temperature and humidity profile and influencing thermal comfort of the occupants. The research was conducted to visualise the pattern of the wind flow entering the house through openings in the perspective of building’s thermal performance. The method used to visualise the air movement was the smoke decay method. The method was performed in two scaled dwelling Models representing brick-constructed houses and wood-constructed raised floor houses in Vatutela village. The smoke decay result is elaborated with the results of microclimate measurements using Hobo data loggers to analyse the thermal condition in the houses. The results showed that a design strategy is needed to achieve a thermal comfort zone in both types of houses. The design strategy can be in the form of the arrangement of openings and additional building elements, such as adding ceilings, fins, sunscreens. Additionally, the opening placement, width, and type should be reconsidered for the houses in the area according to houses’ plan and section. This study is expected to give a visual evidence of wind pattern in a naturally ventilated house with a three-layers plan.

The Rural Texture of Azghad Village: Historical Context of Collective Housing

The current study aims to contextualise cohousing with a focus on analysing a traditional rural settlement in Iran. Azghad is a historical village located in Iran, which has been developed throughout centuries based on strong social and environmental systems. The research uses field studies in the form of observing the environment of Azghad village, initial and natural explanation of housing pattern and interviews with local people with a qualitative research approach and documentary studies examines the physical characteristics of this rural community. Through investigating the physical pattern of the village in the area under study, the elements of the social–physical system which form the residential type of the village were extracted. The comparison of the social and physical system of the residential fabric of the Azghad and its residential neighbourhoods showed that the residential pattern of Azghad could be introduced as an example of a collective housing model. The rural housing type is an example of a collective housing style that has been formed over time based on the shared values of residents and the activities they wanted to do collectively.

Key Factors of Opening Gated Community in Urban Area: A Case Study of China

Gated communities are the most popular residential pattern in the urban areas of China. However, along with the increasing population density in urban areas, this pattern may have negative influences on people’s daily lives, such as traffic jams. To avoid the negative influences, the government has encouraged residents to open their gated communities; however, few positive actions have been taken. With this background, this study aims to explore the key factors in residents’ willingness to open their gated communities. To start with, a total of 26 potential factors were identified based on a comprehensive literature review. Then, a questionnaire was designed and distributed to collect empirical data. Furthermore, logistic regression was employed to analyze the collected data. Based on the derived results, it was revealed that concerns are different between male and female residents. Male residents regarded “community safety” and “property management” as having a significant impact on their decision to open a gated community, while female residents paid more attention to the factor of “proprietary equity”. The results of this study could provide valuable references that enable the government to better understand residents’ underlying concerns and to make relevant policy decisions.

Morphology of House Pattern in Tenganan Dauh Tukad Village, Karangasem

Traditional Settlements Tenganan Dauh Tukad Traditional Village, Karangasem regency, has a uniqueness of traditional dwelling patterns that become a local character of the region. However, along with the development of tourism in this village, the traditional settlement is not only a pride, but also the object of commodification. This is an interesting phenomenon where on the one hand, people try to maintain their traditional residential identity to attract tourists visiting, but, on the other hand, they change their dwelling as a tourism facility. The change is a challenge and a pressure for maintaining the traditional configuration as an identity. This is a phenomenon of conflict in the development of a cultural tourism area. On the one hand, tourists expect a natural and original nature and culture. On the other hand, society and culture change as the society interacts with the outside culture and the desire to accommodate the needs of the visiting tourists. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the paradoxical phenomenon of changes in the morphology of residential patterns in Tenganan Dauh Tukad Village and explore the conflict between conservation of traditional housing character and tourism demand. By conducting field studies (measurements), of selected stratified random sampling houses, and interviews, to examine the impact of changes on values ??and their meanings, this study will discuss changes in the physical configuration, meanings, and values ??of a traditional house. This research will explore the original roles and meanings of altered housing that can still be maintained and the new roles and values ??contained in the new configuration. In this study will also discuss the impact of new values ??on the meaning and value of the original configuration. With the identification of the morphologic character of the residential pattern, it is expected to be a model of change and provide an appropriate perspective for the community, the government and the tourism actors in transforming the traditional housing in Tenganan Dauh Tukad Village, Karangasem Regency.

Grand Transitions

The modern world was created through the combination and complex interactions of five grand transitions. First, the demographic transition changed the total numbers, dynamics, structure, and residential pattern of populations. The agricultural and dietary transition led to the emergence of highly productive cropping and animal husbandry (subsidized by fossil energies and electricity), a change that eliminated famines, reduced malnutrition, and improved the health of populations but also resulted in enormous food waste and had many environmental consequences. The energy transition brought the world from traditional biomass fuels and human and animal labor to fossil fuel, ever more efficient electricity, lights, and motors, all of which transformed both agricultural and industrial production and enabled mass-scale mobility and instant communication. Economic transition has been marked by relatively high growth rates of total national and global product, by fundamental structural transformation (from farming to industries to services), and by an increasing share of humanity living in affluent societies, enjoying unprecedented quality of life. These transitions have made many intensifying demands on the environment, resulting in ecosystemic degradation, loss of biodiversity, pollution, and eventually change on the planetary level, with global warming being the most worrisome development. This book traces the genesis of these transitions, their interactions and complicated progress as well as their outcomes and impacts, explaining how the modern world was made—and then offers a forward-thinking examination of some key unfolding transitions and appraising their challenges and possible results.

Effects of hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and renal transplantation on the quality of life of patients with end-stage renal disease

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and renal transplantation on the quality of life of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and analyze the influencing factors. METHODS: A total of 162 ESRD patients who received maintenance hemodialysis, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, and renal transplantation from February 2017 to March 2018 in our hospital were divided into a hemodialysis group, a peritoneal dialysis group, and a renal transplantation group. The baseline clinical data, serum indices, as well as environmental factors such as education level, marital status, work, residential pattern, household income, and expenditure were recorded. The quality of life was assessed using the short-form 36-item (SF-36) scale reflecting the Physical Component Summary (PCS) and the Mental Component Summary (MCS). One-way analysis of variance and logistic stepwise multiple regression analysis were performed to analyze the factors influencing the quality of life. RESULTS: The renal transplantation group had the highest average scores for all dimensions of the SF-36 scale. The PCS and MCS scores of this group were higher than those of the hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis groups. The peritoneal dialysis group had higher scores for physical functioning, physical role, bodily pain, general health, mental health, PCS, and MCS than those of the hemodialysis group. Age, HGB, GLU, and ALP were the main factors influencing PCS. Age, education level, residential pattern, medication expenditure, and monthly per capita income mainly affected MCS. CONCLUSION: In terms of quality of life, renal transplantation is superior to peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis.

FLOOD ADAPTIVE SETTLEMENTS TOWARDS URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN THE RIPARIAN OF MEUREUDU RIVER, ACEH PROVINCE, INDONESIA

Meureudu Riparian in the past was a place of a collective settlements; it was then developed to become a Meureudu City in Aceh Province, Indonesia. Initially, it was formed as traditional fishermen settlements but now has shifted into semi-modern settlements. However, the settlements developed sporadically to form an unplanned pattern of settlements. This condition resulted in low maintaining river and non-adaptive existence of the dwellings with the environment. Floods occur repeatedly in the river that affected great lost to the community. This study aimed to propose residential pattern design and adaptive settlements with Meureudu River riparian. Easy access roads to markets will facilitate economy growth to the people. This will also cause large numbers of unbridled migrants to enter and build settlements. In this study the a combination of quantitative methods based on interview data and questionnaires and qualitative exploratory methods based on field observation were used. The data were collected through observation, field measurement and secondary data sources. The results show that the condition of settlements along the river basin do not reflect the culture of the river. In order not to further aggravate the condition of the settlement and its impact on the occupants, we recommended two types of houses, namely in the form of stage and non-stage. The stage houses are located on the riverfront with an orientation overlooking the river. Additionally, undersea area can be used as security from the puddle of river water runoff during the flood and as a garden area and public while dry­­, while at a distance of 100 meters from the river non-stage houses form would be built because the runoff of flood water no longer affects the occupancy.

POLA PEMUKIMAN KAMPUNG ADAT ANAKALANG: KEBERLANJUTAN BUDAYA MEGALITIK DI SUMBA TENGAH

This research aims to determine how the settlement pattern of Anakalang community in Central Sumba which are supporters of the megalithic tradition. This research also aims to determine the extent of sustainability of megalithic culture in the Anakalang region. The research methods carried out were participation observation, in-depth interviews and literature studies. Through the participatory observation method, the author is easier to know and understand the interconnectedness of the cultural elements of the Sumba community, especially concerning the place of residence. In-depth interview techniques were carried out on the informants. The results of the study show that the pattern of occupancy of traditional villages in Anakalang is almost entirely linear with houses facing each other, in the middle part of the village is a field (talora) where there are stone graves and traditional rituals are performed. Although many old traditional villages were abandoned and they established villages in new places, the strong kinship made the Anakalang community always return to their villages if there were traditional ritual events. As a settlement that has the characteristics of a megalithic tradition, traditional houses in Anakalang are almost certainly always associated with stone graves and menhirs. The establishment of stone tombs and traditional rituals are united in the daily lives of the Anakalang community, with a background of religious conceptions that are seen as ancestral heritage that must be held firmly. The variety of megalithic cultures in Anakalang has through the time period in a theoretical way, and continues to this day as a tradition. Keywords: Residential pattern, megalithic, Anakalang, Sumba Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pola pemukiman masyarakat Anakalang di Sumba Tengah yang merupakan pendukung tradisi megalitik. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana keberlanjutan budaya megalitik di wilayah Anakalang. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah observasi partisipasi, wawancara mendalam dan studi pustaka. Melalui metode observasi partisipasi, penulis lebih mudah untuk mengetahui dan memahami keterkaitan unsur-unsur budaya masyarakat Sumba terutama menyangkut tempat tinggal. Teknik wawancara mendalam dilakukan terhadap para informan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola pemukiman kampung adat di Anakalang hampir seluruhnya berbentuk linier dengan rumah yang saling berhadapan, di bagian tengah kampung merupakan lapangan (talora) tempat kubur-kubur batu dan tempat melakukan ritual adat. Meski banyak kampung adat lama ditinggalkan dan mendirikan kampung di tempat baru namun kuatnya kekerabatan membuat masyarakat Anakalang selalu kembali ke kampung asal jika ada acara ritual adat. Sebagai pemukiman yang memiliki ciri tradisi megalitik, rumah adat di Anakalang hampir pasti selalu berasosiasi dengan kubur-kubur batu dan menhir. Pendirian kubur batu dan ritual adat menyatu dalam keseharian masyarakat Anakalang, dengan latar belakang konsepsi religi yang dipandang sebagai warisan nenek moyang yang harus dipegang teguh. Ragam budaya megalitik di Anakalang telah menembus batas periode waktu secara teoritis, dan berlangsung hingga kini sebagai sebuah tradisi. Kata kunci : Pola hunian, megalitik, Anakalang, Sumba

How “Peasant Apartments” Could Undermine Rural Governance in China: Spatial Realignment, Moral Reconfiguration and Local Authority

A seismic change in the residential pattern is emerging in rural China today: traditional rural houses have been rapidly erased from the face of the countryside with large numbers of peasants being relocated to modern high-rise buildings. This process of “peasant elevation” has had a monumental impact on rural China. It redefines the entitlement to land use by the rural citizenry and negotiations for a new regime of property rights concerning land administration, while, most importantly, it undermines the position of the local state in rural China, whose authority is an aggregation of three distinctive elements: coercive power inherent in the state apparatus, control over economic resources, and resonance with local morality. Based on original data collected in Chongqing, Nantong and Dezhou, this paper argues that the comprehensive uprooting of the Chinese peasantry from the land and the resulting complications have caused moral disorientation among the relocated peasants and fragmentation of local authority. The difficulty in establishing community identity in the new setting has further undermined local governance. This may in turn trigger a wave of social and political tensions that may eventually turn out to be a major political challenge to the regime for years to come.