Milking Hygiene and Handling Practices among Smallholder Dairy Farmers in Zanzibar

The livestock farming especially dairy industry is among the important components of the livestock sector in Zanzibar in terms source of animal protein, income, and employment. The present study was meant to investigate milking hygiene and handling practices among smallholder dairy farmers in Zanzibar. Cross-sectional study was conducted whereby a structured questionnaire was addressed to 359 dairy cattle farmers. The assessment of milking hygiene and handling practices among smallholder dairy farmers on were analyzed and then judged based on the selected indicators of good dairy farming practices of FAO and International Dairy Federation (IDF) and IDF, (FAO, 2011) and Zanzibar Food and Drug Board standard. The results revealed low milking hygiene and good handling practices. In addition, based on the Zanzibar Food and Drug Board’ standards, farmers comply lowly with milk quality standards and food safety regulations. It was also found that farmers, traders and processors practised milking hygiene and handling measures like hand washing, udder and utensils cleaning milking boiling and packaging. However, key un-hygiene practices include the use of plastic containers, untreated water, and lack of teat dipping. It is recommended that, for safe and quality milk availability, farmers must be equipped with knowledge and skills on good milking hygiene and handling practices. There is a need to improve farmers’ knowledge and implement hygienic milking practices in the milk production process to meet required milk quality and food safety standards. In addition, awareness creation on the importance of good milking and handling practices will create behavioural change and lead to an improvement in milk quality in Zanzibar.

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Determinants of Microbial Contamination of Street-Vended Chicken Products Sold in Nairobi County, Kenya

International Journal of Food Science ◽

10.1155/2020/2746492 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Beatrice J. Birgen ◽

Lucy G. Njue ◽

Dasel M. Kaindi ◽

Fredrick O. Ogutu ◽

Joshua O. Owade

Keyword(s):

Food Safety ◽

Sample Size ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Marketing Channels ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Safety Practices ◽

Safety Standards ◽

E Coli ◽

Code Of Practice ◽

Microbial Analysis

Food safety problems pose a great threat to the health of consumers with the greatest burden in developing countries. Street-vended foods play a key role in providing many urban dwellers with cheap, nutritious, and accessible food, but when prepared in an unhygienic and unregulated environment, they could contribute to increased food safety burden. The study investigated the microbiological recovery of work surfaces and chicken sold in Korogocho and Kariobangi North slums in Nairobi County as well as evaluating vendors’ hygiene and food safety practices. This is a cross-sectional study on an exhaustive sample size of 15 vendors, and swabs of the equipment and work surfaces and chicken were taken for microbial analysis. An exhaustive sample size of 15 vendors was selected for the study. The results showed that most vendors operate under unhygienic conditions. Microbial results revealed that raw portions of chicken had the highest contamination with all the four tested microorganisms (p<0.05). The level of E. coli ranged from 6.42±1.64 to 2.22±1.88; Salmonella spp., 6.42±1.64 to 2.22±1.88; Staphylococcus aureus, 6.92±1.32 to 2.86±1.61; and Campylobacter jejuni, 8.95±0.94 to 4.66±2.67 log CFU/g in raw and cooked chicken samples, respectively. The predictors of E. coli contamination were the presence of pests and flies, unclean vending place, vending environment littered with waste, washing of hands by the vendor, and lack of appropriate clothing among the vendors at R2 of 0.33. The vendor practices and environmental hygiene of the vending place would not significantly (p>0.05) predict contamination with Campylobacter and Staphylococcus. Consequently, there is a need to regulate the informal food processing and marketing channels, besides trainings, infrastructural development, and code of practice and inspections which are recommended in order to enhance the quality and safety standards of street-vended chicken products.

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Knowledge and practices of food hygiene among food handlers in plantation sector, Sri Lanka

International Journal of Scientific Reports ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20164307 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (12) ◽

pp. 304 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Lahiru S. Galgamuwa ◽

Devika Iddawela ◽

Samath D. Dharmaratne

Keyword(s):

Food Safety ◽

Sri Lanka ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Food Hygiene ◽

Food Handlers ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tea Plantations ◽

Knowledge And Practice ◽

Handling Practices ◽

Knowledge And Attitude

Background: Diseases related with consumption of contaminated foods are a common problem in worldwide. Food handlers play a major role in ensuring food safety and hygiene. Information about food hygiene in plantation sector of Sri Lanka is insufficient. This study was designed to assess the knowledge and practice of food hygiene among food handlers in tea plantation sector of Kandy, Sri Lanka.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among food handlers in tea plantations in three tea plantations from July to September 2013. Information regarding food handling practices, knowledge and attitude of food hygiene and safety and medical treatments was obtained from food handlers using a structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical software. Results: 375 food handlers from 18 to 63 years (mean 33.4 ± 7.2) were enrolled of which 88% of them were females. Out of total participants, 59.6% of the respondent had good knowledge of food practice and hygiene. Gender (p = 0.044), education level of food handlers (p = 0.019), and good medical practices (p < 0.05) were statistically significant with practice of food safety and hygiene.Conclusions: Community - health education programs, promoting food hygiene and safety training should be implemented to improve the level of knowledge and practice of food hygiene.

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Pengetahuan, efikasi diri dan praktik penjamah makanan tentang keamanan pangan pada industri rumah tangga pangan

Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat ◽

10.22146/bkm.26122 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 33 (11) ◽

pp. 553

Author(s):

Jimmi Kifly Putra Sihombing ◽

Susi Ari Kristina ◽

Retna Siwi Padmawati

Keyword(s):

Food Safety ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Education Level ◽

Food Handlers ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Handling Practices ◽

Food Handling Practices ◽

Level Training

Purpose This study aimed to explore the sociodemographic characteristics, experience, knowledge level, self-efficacy of food handlers at home industry in Ambon and their relation to food safety practices.Methods This research was a cross sectional study with 51 samples of home industry with 135 respondents. Statistical analysis used chi square and logistic regression tests.Results There was a correlation between education level, training, knowledge with self-efficacy. There is a significant association of education level, self-efficacy, knowledge with food safety practice of food handler.ConclusionFood safety in home industry depends on food handling practices. This study suggested to increase the monitoring system for food handlers in order to prevent foodborne disease.

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Food Safety Knowledge, Handling Practices and Associated Factors Among Food Handlers Working in Food Establishments in Debre Markos Town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020: Institution-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Risk Management and Healthcare Policy ◽

10.2147/rmhp.s295974 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol Volume 14 ◽

pp. 1155-1163

Author(s):

Tadege Alemayehu ◽

Zewdie Aderaw ◽

Mastewal Giza ◽

Gedefaw Diress

Keyword(s):

Food Safety ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Food Handlers ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Debre Markos ◽

Handling Practices ◽

Safety Knowledge

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Does greater food safety consciousness benefit smallholder dairy farmers? Evidence from Nepal

10.2499/p15738coll2.133206 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)

Keyword(s):

Food Safety ◽

Dairy Farmers ◽

Smallholder Dairy

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Caffeine Health Claims on Sports Supplement Labeling. Analytical Assessment According to EFSA Scientific Opinion and International Evidence and Criteria

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26072095 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (7) ◽

pp. 2095

Author(s):

Pedro Estevan Navarro ◽

Isabel Sospedra ◽

Alejandro Perales ◽

Cristina González-Díaz ◽

Rubén Jiménez-Alfageme ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Safety ◽

Endurance Performance ◽

Food Supplement ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

European Food Safety Authority ◽

Health Claims ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Strength Performance ◽

Scientific Opinion ◽

Term Performance

Caffeine is a food supplement widely consumed by athletes, but it has not been established. So far, the veracity of their labeling in terms of the dosage and cause/effect relationship aimed at the consumer. The aim is to analyze the health claims and the dosage presented on the labeling of caffeine supplements and to evaluate if they follow the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and international criteria. A descriptive cross-sectional study of a sample of caffeine supplements was carried out. The search was done through the Amazon and Google Shopping web portals. In order to assess the adequacy of the health claims, the guidelines of reference established by European Food Safety Authority were compared to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, International Olympic Committee, and Australian Institute of Sport guidelines; in addition, recent systematic reviews were addressed. A review of labels of 42 caffeine supplements showed that, in less than 3% of the products were the health claims supported by the recommendations and by the labeled quantity of caffeine. The claims that fully complied the recommendations were, “improves or increases endurance performance”, “improves strength performance”, or “improves short-term performance”. In most cases, the recommended dosage was 200 mg/day for these products, which is the minimum for the caffeine effects to be declared. The rest of the health claims were not adequate or need to be modified. Most of the health claims identified indicated an unproven cause and effect, which constitutes consumer fraud, and so must be modified or eliminated.

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OPEN ACCESS: Insights into UK farmers' attitudes towards cattle youngstock rearing and disease

Livestock ◽

10.12968/live.2020.25.6.274 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 274-281

Author(s):

Katharine Baxter-Smith ◽

Robert Simpson

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Antibiotic Usage ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Dairy Farmers ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Attitudes And Practices ◽

Veterinary Surgeons ◽

Veterinary Surgeon ◽

Beef Suckler ◽

Housing Facilities

There is increased industry focus on optimised welfare, productivity and antibiotic usage in cattle youngstock, however, little is known about UK farmers' attitudes and practices in rearing calves. In this cross-sectional study, 479 farmers were surveyed online about their cattle youngstock rearing approach and outcomes. Represented were 174 dairy farmers, 255 beef suckler farmers and 50 calf rearers. Farmers showed awareness of good youngstock rearing practices such as colostrum management and housing facilities. Morbidity and mortality from diarrhoea (82%, 48%) and bovine respiratory disease (BRD) (68%, 48%) were high on farms surveyed but farmers did not frequently consult their veterinary surgeon regarding these diseases. Farmers surveyed were not always aware of the efficacy of preventative methods such as vaccination, and frequently used antibiotic treatments (27% for diarrhoea and 40% for BRD) but not diagnostics when animals had disease. Veterinary surgeons could use these insights to better understand farmers' motivations and priorities, to make communication more efficient and align goals.

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Should Weights and Risk Categories Be Used for Inspection Scores To Evaluate Food Safety in Restaurants?

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-292 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 79 (3) ◽

pp. 501-506 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

DIOGO THIMOTEO da CUNHA ◽

VERIDIANA VERA de ROSSO ◽

ELKE STEDEFELDT

Keyword(s):

Food Safety ◽

Food Service ◽

Safety Evaluation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Raw Material ◽

Risk Category ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Evaluation Bias ◽

Risk Categories ◽

Food Safety Evaluation

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to verify the characteristics of food safety inspections, considering risk categories and binary scores. A cross-sectional study was performed with 439 restaurants in 43 Brazilian cities. A food safety checklist with 177 items was applied to the food service establishments. These items were classified into four groups (R1 to R4) according to the main factors that can cause outbreaks involving food: R1, time and temperature aspects; R2, direct contamination; R3, water conditions and raw material; and R4, indirect contamination (i.e., structures and buildings). A score adjusted for 100 was calculated for the overall violation score and the violation score for each risk category. The average violation score (standard deviation) was 18.9% (16.0), with an amplitude of 0.0 to 76.7%. Restaurants with a low overall violation score (approximately 20%) presented a high number of violations from the R1 and R2 groups, representing the most risky violations. Practical solutions to minimize this evaluation bias were discussed. Food safety evaluation should use weighted scores and be risk-based. However, some precautions must be taken by researchers, health inspectors, and health surveillance departments to develop an adequate and reliable instrument.

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