scholarly journals Once The Eldery, Now The Youth : Epidemiological Study Of Non-Communicable Diseases Among Children Under 15 Years Of Age In Yaoundé-Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Blaise Nguendo Yongsi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Primordial Prevention ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background: In sub-Saharan Africa, communicable diseases have long been among the most prominent contributors to disease burden. However, like most low-income and middle-income countries across the globe, countries in sub-Saharan Africa are experiencing a shift from disease-burden profiles dominated by communicable diseases and childhood illnesses to profiles featuring an increasing predominance of chronic, non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Objective : The main objective of this study is to investigate the magnitude of non-communicable chronic diseases at the Chantal Biya Foundation in Yaoundé. Design and participants: This is an institution-based and cross-sectional study conducted from january to december 2018. Participants were in and out patients who visited the institution and whose a medical condition was clearly diagnosed. Results : Of the 643 medical records, leading causes of visit were infectious diseases (51.1%), followed by NCDs (48.9%). Diagnosed NCDs range from sickle cell disease (5.7%), injuries (9.8%), cardiovascular diseases (12.0%), to cancers (25.0%). Conclusion There is a significant burden of NCDs among adolescents in Yaoundé. Then, interventions for primordial prevention (ie, actions to inhibit the emergence of NCD risk factors) and primary prevention (ie, actions on existing NCD risk factors), as well as educational programmes on leading modifiable behavioural risk factors and metabolic risk factors are crucial.

scholarly journals Association Between Food Insecurity and Key Metabolic Risk Factors for Diet-Sensitive Non-Communicable Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sphamandla Josias Nkambule ◽  
Indres Moodley ◽  
Desmond Kuupiel ◽  
Tivani P. Mashamba-Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Causal Pathway ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract BackgroundIn previous studies, food insecurity has been hypothesised to promote the prevalence of metabolic risk factors on the causal pathway to diet-sensitive non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This prevalence has been shown to differ between gender and populations. However, evidence of this association in resources-limited settings with high levels of food insecurity such as sub-Saharan African countries remains elusive.PurposeWe aimed to identify the association between food insecurity and key metabolic risk factors on the causal pathway to diet-sensitive NCDs in sub-Saharan African population.MethodsWe did a systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Relevant studies published between January 2015 and October 2019 were searched in PubMed, Web of Science (SCiELO Citation Index), and five other databases followed by explicit and reproducible hand-searches of included studies which were peer-reviewed epidemiological studies conducted in sub-Saharan Africa, directly measured food insecurity, and compared food insecurity to a metabolic risk factor outcome. Two reviewers extracted all the necessary data from individual studies independently and employed the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) – Version 2018 to evaluate the risk of bias. Prevalence estimates from individual studies were pooled using the random-effect model.ResultsThe initial searches yielded 11 803 articles, 22 were eligible for inclusion, presenting data from 26 609 food-insecure participants and 11 545 incident of metabolic risk factor cases. Most studies confirmed an adverse association between food insecurity and key metabolic risk factors for diet-sensitive NCDs. The Meta-analysis showed a significantly high pooled prevalence estimate of key metabolic risk factors at 41.8 per cent (95% CI: 33.2% to 50.8%, I2 = 99.5% p-value < 0.00). The most prevalent type of metabolic risk factors was dyslipidaemia 27.6 per cent (95% CI: 6.5% to 54.9%), hypertension 24.7 per cent (95% CI: 15.6% to 35.1%), and overweight 15.8 per cent (95% CI: 10.6% to 21.7%). Notably, the prevalence estimates of these metabolic risk factors were considerably more frequent in females than males.ConclusionThis study is the first to systematically review or meta-analyse the association between food insecurity and key metabolic risk factors for diet-sensitive non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in sub-Saharan African countries, in order to generate an integrated, evidence-based, comprehensive summary of how key metabolic risk factors are patterned by food insecurity. Further high-quality longitudinal data and mediation analysis are warranted to understand the basis of this findings to support targeted prevention and control strategies for those confronted with food insecurity.PROSPERO registration number: PROSPERO 2019 CRD42019136638

scholarly journals The prevalence of risk factors associated with non-communicable diseases in Afghan refugees in southern Iran: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erfan Taherifard ◽  
Mohammad Javad Moradian ◽  
Ehsan Taherifard ◽  
Abdolrasool Hemmati ◽  
Behnaz Rastegarfar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Afghan Refugees ◽  
Southern Iran

Abstract Background Refugees are highly vulnerable to many health-related risks. Monitoring non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is of overriding importance in these populations. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of risk factors for NCDs amongst Afghan refugees in a refugee camp located in southern Iran. Methods This cross-sectional sturdy was conducted in 2018. Risk factors such as inadequate nutrition, physical inactivity, tobacco smoking, obesity and overweight, hypertension (HTN), elevated fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and dyslipidaemia were assessed. Data were gathered with a modified WHO STEPS procedure. Prevalence and age-standardized prevalence and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. Results The estimated prevalence were 94% for inadequate fruit/vegetable consumption, 18% for physical inactivity, 9% for tobacco smoking, 3% for FPG, 20% for HTN, 51% for central obesity, 24% for overweight, 19% for obesity, and 69% for dyslipidaemia. Conclusions Except for inadequate fruit and vegetable intake and dyslipidaemia, the prevalence of other NCD risk factors was low among Afghan refugees in Iran. Raising awareness about healthy diet and its importance and the provision of more affordable fruit and vegetables are two effective measures toward improving the health of refugees in Iran.

Multiple behavioural risk factors of non-communicable diseases among adolescents in four Caribbean countries: prevalence and correlates

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Supa Pengpid ◽  
Karl Peltzer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Parental Support ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Behavioural Risk Factors ◽  
Fast Food Consumption ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract Objectives The study assessed the prevalence and associated factors of behavioural risk factors of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among adolescents in four Caribbean countries. Content In all 9,143 adolescents (15 years = median age) participated in the cross-sectional “2016 Dominican Republic, 2016 Suriname, 2017 Jamaica, and 2017 Trinidad and Tobago Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS)”. Eight behavioural risk factors of NCDs were assessed by a self-administered questionnaire. Summary Prevalence of each behavioural NCD risk factor was physical inactivity (84.2%), inadequate fruit and vegetable intake (82.2%), leisure-time sedentary behaviour (49.6%), daily ≥2 soft drinks intake (46.8%), ever drunk (28.6%), twice or more days a week fast food consumption (27.6%), having overweight/obesity (27.4%), and current tobacco use (13.8%). Students had on average 3.6 (SD=1.4), and 79.0% had 3–8 behavioural NCD risk factors. In multivariable linear regression, psychological distress and older age increased the odds, and attending school and parental support decreased the odds of multiple behavioural NCD risk factors. Outlook A high prevalence and co-occurrence of behavioural risk factors of NCDs was discovered and several factors independently contributing to multiple behavioural NCD risk factors were identified.

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