primordial prevention
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2022 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Stefano Michelassi

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is recognized as one of the major categories of noncommunicable epidemic diseases and in the last decades it has been largely growing in incidence and prevalence all over the world. Ideal management of CKD pandemic should be comprehensive of measures of tertiary, secondary, primary and primordial prevention. So, it should include prompt diagnosis and treatment of traditional and non-traditional risk factors for CKD, optimal conservative treatment for non-dialysis dependent CKD patients and appropriated dialysis therapy or renal transplantation for patients with end-stage renal disease. However, these goals are not easy to obtain on a global scale. It would be possible only by a broad and holistic approach, ranging from good governance to achievement of the sustainable development goals (SDGs).


2022 ◽  
pp. 42-71
Author(s):  
Artemisa Rocha Dores ◽  
Andreia Geraldo ◽  
Helena Martins

Intervention in mental health urges new solutions that merge solid theoretical foundations and new possibilities provided by technological development. This chapter is structured around results from a data mining technique using VOSViewer, which organized the field into five clusters of published literature: (1) most affected populations, (2) mental illness/disorders and their impact, (3) the expansion of remote interventions, (4) ICT potential to overcome limitations and (5) a positive approach to ICTs in mental health care. Solutions and recommendations are presented to overcome the issues identified, including how future interventions should consider old and new issues as the ones raised by the COVID-19 pandemic. Computer-based or web-based interventions are hereby presented as part of the revolution towards digital mental health or e-mental health. This approach has the potential to deconfine interventions, releasing them from the traditional settings and reaching new populations. It also reinforces the path already started, from the secondary to the primary and primordial prevention, towards the modification of the psychopathological trajectories.


Author(s):  
Yingting Zuo ◽  
Xinsheng Han ◽  
Xue Tian ◽  
Shuohua Chen ◽  
Shouling Wu ◽  
...  

Abstract Background The association between impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in participants without atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk factors based on current definitions is unclear. The study aimed to examine the association of fasting glucose levels with CVD and its subtypes in persons without ASCVD risk factors. Methods This study included 38,297 participants (men, 62.1%; mean age, 47.9 [12.9] years) who were free of a history of CVD, absent of ASCVD risk factors, and had a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level between 70 to 125 mg/dl at baseline from Kailuan Study during 2006 to 2007, participants were followed up until new-onset CVD event, death or December 31, 2017. Cox proportional hazards models were performed to evaluate the associations. Results During a median follow-up of 11.0 years (interquartile range, 10.7-11.2 years), we observed 1,217 incident CVD events. Compared with participants with FPG 70 to 99 mg/dl, the multivariable adjusted hazard ratios for CVD among participants with FPG 100 to 109 mg/dl and 110 to 125 mg/dl were 1.18 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.38) and 1.27 (95%CI, 1.03-1.55), respectively. Multivariable-adjusted spline regression model showed a J-shaped association between FPG and the risk of CVD. Conclusions We found that among individuals without diabetes or other traditional ASCVD risk factors, there is an increased risk of incident CVD with increasing abnormal FPG levels. These results highlight the importance of primordial prevention for FPG level increases along with other traditional ASCVD risk factors.


Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 144 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald M. Lloyd-Jones ◽  
Michelle A. Albert ◽  
Mitchell Elkind

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjam Močnik ◽  
Nataša Marčun Varda

Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are still increasing in developed countries with emphasis on the obesity epidemic. Children and young adults are no exception. With modern lifestyle, traditional cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, kidney damage, are increasingly present in children leading to premature cardiovascular events in adult life. Cardiovascular risk factor can accelerate naturally progressing atherosclerosis, which should be prevented to facilitate quality and longevity of life. Primary and primordial prevention in the pediatric population are of utmost importance. However, if a cardiovascular risk factor is already present, frequent monitoring of possible development of other cardiovascular risk factors and evaluation of end organ damage should be implemented to intervene in time.


2021 ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Vijna Vijna ◽  
C. P. Mishra

National Programme for prevention and control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular diseases and stroke (NPCDCS) envisaged prevention of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) through behavioural change. It aimed at capacity building at various level of health care for primordial prevention, early diagnosis, IEC, BCC etc. Necessary induction training was imparted to health functionaries. Regular monitoring and review of the knowledge of different health functionaries is an integral part of programme. With this background, this study was carried to assess the knowledge of health functionaries about NCDs (general and individual), their behavioral as well as intermediate risk factors and programmatic issues of NPCDCS. Knowledge of 8 Medical ofcers (Allopathic/AYUSH), 18 Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANMs) and 15 Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) were assessed in these areas through predesigned and pretested proforma. There existed gap in the knowledge of medical ofcers, ANMs and ASHAs. In some areas their knowledge was satisfactory however, in majority of areas this was not up to the mark e.g., cut off for normal random blood sugar was known to All MOs, ANMs and 33.3% ASHAs [Z=5.55, p< 0.01]. There is need and scope for improving knowledge of health functionaries through focused capacity building initiative and overcoming barriers to promote health functionaries to take up NCD prevention in community


Author(s):  
Amit Kumar Pal ◽  
Sagarika Ray ◽  
Jishnu Bhattacharya

Background: Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder encompassing multiple etiological variables. Association of dermatoglyphic traits with schizophrenia has been observed and reported. This study was undertaken to evaluate epidermal ridge patterns in patients of schizophrenia as compared to healthy controls attending a superspeciality hospital in West Bengal. Establishing dermatoglyphic parameters as biomarkers for early diagnosis will ensure prompt intervention and a greater scope of recovery in schizophrenia and thus promote a better quality of life for the individual as well as lower the burden of disease for the society.Methods: Quantitative dermatoglyphic parameters namely, total finger ridge count (TFRC), total A-B ridge count (TABRC) and ATD angle of 50 schizophrenia patients were compared to 50 age and gender matched healthy controls.Results: TFRC and TABRC were found to be decreased in schizophrenia, while ATD angle was increased in schizophrenia as compared to the control group.Conclusions: This study found a significant association between dermatoglyphic pattern anomalies and the development of schizophrenia. This may offer a scope of primordial prevention of schizophrenia in future, utilising dermatoglyphics as an investigative tool.


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