The prevalence of risk factors associated with non-communicable diseases in Afghan refugees in southern Iran: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Refugees are highly vulnerable to many health-related risks. Monitoring non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is of overriding importance in these populations. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of risk factors for NCDs amongst Afghan refugees in a refugee camp located in southern Iran. Methods This cross-sectional sturdy was conducted in 2018. Risk factors such as inadequate nutrition, physical inactivity, tobacco smoking, obesity and overweight, hypertension (HTN), elevated fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and dyslipidaemia were assessed. Data were gathered with a modified WHO STEPS procedure. Prevalence and age-standardized prevalence and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. Results The estimated prevalence were 94% for inadequate fruit/vegetable consumption, 18% for physical inactivity, 9% for tobacco smoking, 3% for FPG, 20% for HTN, 51% for central obesity, 24% for overweight, 19% for obesity, and 69% for dyslipidaemia. Conclusions Except for inadequate fruit and vegetable intake and dyslipidaemia, the prevalence of other NCD risk factors was low among Afghan refugees in Iran. Raising awareness about healthy diet and its importance and the provision of more affordable fruit and vegetables are two effective measures toward improving the health of refugees in Iran.

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Multiple behavioural risk factors of non-communicable diseases among adolescents in four Caribbean countries: prevalence and correlates

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health ◽

10.1515/ijamh-2021-0021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Supa Pengpid ◽

Karl Peltzer

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Parental Support ◽

Fast Food ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Behavioural Risk Factors ◽

Fast Food Consumption ◽

High Prevalence

Abstract Objectives The study assessed the prevalence and associated factors of behavioural risk factors of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among adolescents in four Caribbean countries. Content In all 9,143 adolescents (15 years = median age) participated in the cross-sectional “2016 Dominican Republic, 2016 Suriname, 2017 Jamaica, and 2017 Trinidad and Tobago Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS)”. Eight behavioural risk factors of NCDs were assessed by a self-administered questionnaire. Summary Prevalence of each behavioural NCD risk factor was physical inactivity (84.2%), inadequate fruit and vegetable intake (82.2%), leisure-time sedentary behaviour (49.6%), daily ≥2 soft drinks intake (46.8%), ever drunk (28.6%), twice or more days a week fast food consumption (27.6%), having overweight/obesity (27.4%), and current tobacco use (13.8%). Students had on average 3.6 (SD=1.4), and 79.0% had 3–8 behavioural NCD risk factors. In multivariable linear regression, psychological distress and older age increased the odds, and attending school and parental support decreased the odds of multiple behavioural NCD risk factors. Outlook A high prevalence and co-occurrence of behavioural risk factors of NCDs was discovered and several factors independently contributing to multiple behavioural NCD risk factors were identified.

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Cluster analysis of risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases in elderly Brazilians: population-based cross-sectional studies in a rural town

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i17.24202 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (17) ◽

pp. e18101724202

Author(s):

Saulo Vasconcelos Rocha ◽

Sabrina Correia de Oliveira ◽

Hector Luiz Rodrigues Munaro ◽

Camila Fabiana Rossi Squarcini ◽

Bruna Maria Palotino Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Physical Inactivity ◽

Economic Status ◽

The Elderly ◽

Tobacco Consumption ◽

Population Based ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Sociodemographic Variables

Negative health behaviors incorporated into lifestyle are considered the main risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in adults and the elderly. However, the relationship between the aggregation of these factors and the sociodemographic conditions of the elderly needs to be better elucidated. The aim of this study was to analyze the simultaneity of the five risk factors for NCDs in the elderly with low economic status living in a rural city in Brazil, and their association with sociodemographic variables. Cross-sectional study was conducted with elderly people from Family Health Units of the city of Ibicui-Bahia, Brazil, where 310 elderly were enrolled. Rates of physical inactivity in leisure (PIL), alcohol consumption, sedentary behavior, overweight/obesity and tobacco consumption were collected through a questionnaire in an individual interview. The average age among participants was 71.62 (± 8.16) years. The group presenting the five behaviors had high scores in both sexes (men O/E = 242.5; women O/E = 161.7). Among men and women, the highest scores found through clustering of simultaneous NCD risk factors were for the consumption of alcohol with smoking, and physical inactivity with smoking. When analyzing the association between groups and sociodemographic characteristics, men were more physically inactive than women (OR = 0.96, CI = 0.92-0.98) and concomitantly had unhealthy habits (smoking). In conclusion, the elderly are exposed to health risk factors for concurrent CNCDs and the accumulation of these risk factors was not associated with sociodemographic variables, it is suggested that further studies be carried out with the prevalent variables as well as to analyze why the elderly population presents these levels.

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Clustering of behavioural risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among rural-based adolescents in south-west Nigeria

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health ◽

10.1515/ijamh-2016-0008 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ajibola Idowu ◽

Adesegun O. Fatusi ◽

Folakemi O. Olajide

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Physical Inactivity ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Poor Diet ◽

Behavioural Risk Factors ◽

School Based ◽

South West

Abstract Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have become the leading cause of deaths globally and the key associated risk factors – alcohol abuse, physical inactivity, cigarette smoking and poor dietary patterns – are often initiated in adolescence. Co-existence of these risk factors further increase the risk for NCDs. Yet, very little is known about the pattern of co-occurrence of behavioural risk factors for NCDs among Nigerian adolescents, especially those in rural areas. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of clustering patterns of behavioural risk factors for NCDs among in-school adolescents in rural areas of Osun State, Nigeria. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 476 adolescents recruited through multi-stage sampling across Osun State. Data were collected through a facilitated self-administered questionnaire with questions adapted from the Global School-Based Health Survey (GSHS) instrument. Data were analysed using Stata, with binary logistic regression used to identify determinants. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 14.7±2.0 years and females constituted 50.2% of them. Among the respondents, 36.1% had reported consuming alcoholic drinks but no one met the criteria for harmful alcohol use, while 8.8% had ever smoked cigarettes and only one respondent (0.2%) was a current smoker. The prevalence of poor diet (89.5%) and physical inactivity (85.9%) was, however, high. Poor diet and physical inactivity co-occurred in 369 (77.5%) respondents, while one respondent (0.2%) had three risk factors (poor diet, physical inactivity and current smoking). Being in a senior secondary school class (odds ratio, OR=1.6; 95% confidence interval, C.I.=1.04–2.39) and living with parents (OR=0.53; 0.33–0.90) were significantly associated with clustering of NCD behavioural risk factors. Conclusion: The prevalence of clustering of modifiable risk factors for NCDs was high among rural-based in-school adolescents in south-west Nigeria, and there is a need to mount effective interventions. Findings from this study have the potential to inform effective school-based NCD control programmes.

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Risk factors for non-communicable diseases in Bangladesh: findings of the population-based cross-sectional national survey 2018

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041334 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. e041334

Author(s):

Baizid Khoorshid Riaz ◽

Md Ziaul Islam ◽

A N M Shamsul Islam ◽

M M Zaman ◽

Md Akram Hossain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Salt Intake ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

Adult Population ◽

Population Based ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Targeted Interventions

ObjectivesTo determine the national prevalence of risk factors of non-communicable diseases (NCD) in the adult population of Bangladesh.DesignThe study was a population-based national cross-sectional study.SettingThis study used 496 primary sampling units (PSUs) developed by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. The PSUs were equally allocated to each division and urban and rural stratum within each division.ParticipantsThe participants were adults aged 18 to 69 years, who were usual residents of the households for at least 6 months and stayed the night before the survey. Out of 9900 participants, 8185 (82.7%) completed STEP-1 and STEP-2, and 7208 took part in STEP-3.Primary and secondary outcomeThe prevalence of behavioural, physical and biochemical risk factors of NCD. Data were weighted to generate national estimates.ResultsTobacco use was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the rural (45.2%) than the urban (38.8%) population. Inadequate fruit/vegetable intake was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the urban (92.1%) than in the rural (88.9%) population. The mean salt intake per day was higher in the rural (9.0 g) than urban (8.9 g) population. Among all, 3.0% had no, 70.9% had 1 to 2 and 26.2% had ≥3 NCD risk factors. The urban population was more likely to have insufficient physical activity (adjusted OR (AOR): 1.2, 95% CI: 1.2 to 1.2), obesity (AOR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.5 to 1.5), hypertension (AOR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.3 to 1.3), diabetes (AOR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.6 to 1.6) and hyperglycaemia (AOR: 1.1, 95% CI: 1.1 to 1.1).ConclusionsConsidering the high prevalence of the behavioural, physical and biochemical risk factors, diverse population and high-risk group targeted interventions are essential to combat the rising burden of NCDs.

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Knowledge and Practices of Adolescents about risk factors for Non-Communicable Diseases at Kabwohe Health Centre IV.

10.51168/sjhrafrica.v2i6.48 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Dickson Agaba ◽

ALLAN MUHUMUZA

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Health Center ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

Health Centre ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Statistical Interpretation ◽

Lifestyle Behaviors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Non Communicable Diseases

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDS) are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally. Adolescents are involved in lifestyle behaviors that foster NCDs development later on in the future because of their lack of knowledge about NCDs risk factors. However, there is a paucity of studies that have dealt with knowledge and practices of adolescents about NCDs risk factors. This study therefore aimed at assessing the knowledge and practices of adolescents about NCDs risk factors at Kabwohe HCIV. Methods: A health center-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 95 adolescents receiving health-related care services at Kabwohe health center IV. Information was collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were used in the statistical interpretation. Results: The overall knowledge of adolescents about NCDs risk factors was 60%. Concerning diet that has fruits, the majority 60(62.4%) took fruits at least once, twice or thrice in a week while 35(37.6%) took fruits more frequently as in four, five times or days as they are indicated in the table above. About vegetable intake,57(60%) percent took a diet with vegetables once, twice, or thrice in a week compared to the 38(40%) that took a diet with vegetables many times a week.44(35.8%) took sugary foods more often i.e. many times in a week compared to the 61(64.3%) that took them less often. The following variables were significantly associated with knowledge about NCDs risk factors: area of residence (p=.0028), Level of education (p=.0181). Conclusion: Average levels of knowledge were recorded among adolescents receiving care at Kabwohe health center IV though there were high practicing percentages of the risky healthy lifestyle behaviors that foster NCDs development.

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Gender differences in dietary behaviours, health-related habits and prevalence of non-communicable diseases in Botswana

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932021000572 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Gobopamang Letamo ◽

Mpho Keetile ◽

Kannan Navaneetham ◽

Keitumetse Medupe

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Gender Differences ◽

Weight Status ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Total Sample ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Health Related ◽

Common Risk Factors

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess gender differences in the prevalence non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and in associated health-related habits, weight status and common risk factors in Botswana. Data were from the cross-sectional, population-based Botswana STEPS Survey II conducted in 2014. A total sample of 2947 survey participants aged 25–64 years were included the study. The results showed that a statistically significant higher percentage of men used tobacco compared with women (34.4%, 95% CI: 33.5–35.1 vs 4.4%, 95% CI: 4.3–4.5). Men also had consistently and statistically significantly greater heavy alcohol consumption and lower fruit and/or vegetable consumption than women. Physical inactivity among women was higher than in men. Controlling for other factors, men had a higher probability of being overweight (28.7%, 95% CI: 28.6–28.8 vs 18.3%, 95% CI: 18.0–18.6) and obese (25.8%, 95% CI: 25.4–26.2 vs 10.2%, 95% CI: 9.9–10.5) than women. Women were at a greater risk of developing NCDs compared with men since their adjusted prevalence of having at least three common risk factors was higher than men’s. Women had a higher adjusted predicted prevalence of suffering from hypertension than men (39.4%, 95% CI: 38.9–40.0 vs 26.1%, 95% CI: 25.5–26.8). Appropriate policies and programmes need to be adopted to urgently address the problem of NCDs in Botswana.

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Prevalence of risk factors of non-communicable diseases in a rural area of Bangladesh

Cardiovascular Journal ◽

10.3329/cardio.v9i2.32424 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 122-128

Author(s):

Jasimuddin Ahmed ◽

M Mostafa Zaman ◽

Sohel R Choudhury ◽

Tashfin Zissan ◽

Mehedi Hasan Ahmed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Rural Area ◽

Rural Population ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

Adult Population ◽

Tobacco Consumption ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Non Communicable Diseases

Background: Data on risk factors of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are still inadequate Bangladesh. More data, especially from rural population because 70 percent of Bangladeshi people leave in rural area, are necessary to plan intervention and monitor progress of NCD control. The aim of the study was to determine distribution and prevalence of risk factors of NCDs in a rural adult population of Bangladesh.Method: A cross-sectional study targeting one adult (15 years or older) from each of 1088 households of a village was carried out in 2008. Among them 1011 participated. Information on age and education of the respondents and risk factors such as tobacco, fruit and vegetable intake, habit of added salt while taking the meal, blood pressure and waist circumference were obtained using standardized protocol.Results: Mean age of the subjects was 42.4 years. Age adjusted prevalence of tobacco consumption was 59.5% (smoking 31.0% and smokeless tobacco use 36.3%). More than nine in ten (92.8%) of the respondents consumed less than 5 serving of fruit and/or vegetables per day. Nine in ten (88.5%) used extra salt during meal. Prevalence of hypertension and central obesity was found 19.7% and 18.8% respectively.Conclusion: NCD risk factors are widely prevalent even in this rural population having a traditional agricultural lifestyle. Interventions those are appropriate to this kind of community are needed to be developed in Bangladesh.Cardiovasc. j. 2017; 9(2): 122-128

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Risk Factors for Non Communicable Diseases among People Aged above 30 Years in an Urban Slum of Guntur City - A Cross Sectional Study

National Journal of Research in Community Medicine ◽

10.26727/njrcm.2016.5.4.288-293 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 288

Author(s):

Chaitanya Gujjarlapudi ◽

J. Prabakaran ◽

Phanindra Dulipala ◽

Jagannath Rao

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Urban Slum ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Non Communicable Diseases

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Behavioural risk factors in university students in Bucaramanga, Colombia

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.1183 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

R Martinez-Rueda ◽

M A Camacho ◽

I J Díaz

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Behavioural Risk Factors

Abstract Background The changes generated in the studentś lifestyle due to the academic demands, may favour the prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases as well as compromise other domains of their life. The purpose of this study was to establish the prevalence of behavioural risk factors in students of the Professional in Physical Activity and Sports program of a University in Bucaramanga, Colombia. Methods A cross-sectional study with a sample of 189 students was conducted. The students were surveyed with the first step of the STEPs questionnaire, which evaluates the behavioural risk factors for non-communicable diseases. A descriptive data analysis was performed, and Pearson tests were applied to determine the correlation between the analysed variables with a level of significance α = 0.05 using STATA 13.0. Results 80% of the participants were men. The age average was 22.7 ± 3.85 years. Regarding tobacco use, 10.1% of the participants were current smokers, while 30% smoked before. The majority of the participants (92.2%) have consumed alcohol within the past 12 months, while 69.8% consumed alcohol within the last month, with 8.7% of hazardous drinking. Concerning the diet, only 24.9% met the recommended consumption of fruits and vegetables per day. When assessing physical activity levels, only 6.3% were classified as physically inactive. Additionally, an average of 6 hours of sedentary behaviour was found, with 31.2% of excessive sedentary time. A weak correlation was found between age and academic cycle with the amount of physical activity at work (r = 0.24), (r = 0.18) and with sedentary time (r = -0.28), (-0, 32). Conclusions Although the prevalence of tobacco consumption was slightly higher than the national average, the students showed a lower prevalence of behavioural risk factors than the general population. However, it is necessary to promote strategies aimed at the control and prevention of these risk factors. Key messages Being a student of a program focused on physical activity and sport, can behave as a protective factor against the most prevalent risk factors in university life. It is necessary to implement more strategies centred on making students aware of the importance of the maintenance and improvement of their lifestyles in accordance with their professional profile.

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