“History Misappropriation or Compreension?” (Russian Lihuanian Studies in the 19th and the Beginning of the 20th Century)

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 219-236
Author(s):  
Andrey Yu. Dvornichenko
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Medieval History ◽  
Scientific Paradigm ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Grand Duchy

The abundant Russian historiography of the medieval history of Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lithuanian-Russian State) has become in the last decades the centre of the discussions and is often subject to groundless criticism. This historiography was not very lucky in the Soviet period of the 20th century either, as it was severely criticized from the Marxist-Leninist position. When discussing Russian historiography the author of this article is consciously committed to the Russian positions. There are no reasons to consider this historiography branch either Byelorussian or Ukrainian one, as that was really Russian historiography, - the phenomenon that formed under the favorable specific conditions of Russian Empire before the beginning of the 20th century. The said phenomenon can be studied in different ways: according to the existing then main trends and schools or according to their affiliation with specific universities of Russian Empire. But according to the author of this article the best way to study the issue is in accordance with the main concepts of history. And then the pre-revolutionary historiography appears as an integral scientific paradigm that turns out to be the most divaricate branch of the Lithuanian studies of the time. It created, in its turn, the most vivid and objective historical picture that can still serve as the basis for the studies of Lithuanian-Russian state.

scholarly journals Genealogy of Mongirdai Nobility

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 121-147
Author(s):  
Jolanta Klietkutė
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The Other ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
History Of ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Grand Duchy

The Author dealswith the forgotten history of the Mongird family of Samogitia. After conductinganalysis of Mongirdai family, genealogical table was compiled. According to statististics, extended family was active in both number of persons and in geographical distribution. Mongird(as) descendantsspread over much of the territory of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth – formally, the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and, after 1791, the Commonwealth of Poland and Tsar Russia (Russian Empire). Family itself Most members of the extended family bacame of priests, doctors,officers, artists, and public figures. For example, two brothers Vladislovas and Vytautas from a Mongird Mišučiai Manor became well known active participants inthe Lithuanian – Polish Nationalrevival back in 1863–1864. Their cousin patriot Vaclovas, a resident of Vilnius Town, who was fighting in the ranks of Polish Legion, and cousin Jadvyga Mongirdaitė were laid in Vilnius Pameriai Memorial. Their Grandmother Michalina Bankauskaitė was a great supporter of a Revival of 1863–1864. There are some unsolved relations and issues between the names of Mangirdaitis and Mongirdas that have notbeen identified yet. In the other words, Lithuanian genealogists and other researchers stillhave to work diligently (closely) to investigate and revive the history of this old Mongird tribe.

Studying the History of the State Control in the Russian Empire During the Period of the Duma Monarchy

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Ziqiu Chen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
State Control ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Imperial Period ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Council Of Ministers

After the establishment of constitutional monarchy in Russia as a result of the 1905–1906 reforms, the position of the Russian State Control (imperial audit service) changed. Formerly relatively independent, the State Control, whose head was directly accountable to the Emperor, now found itself in the united government, i.e. the Council of Ministers. The undermined independence of the State Control provoked a wide public discussion, which involved Duma deputies, employees of the State Control as well as competent Russian economists and financial experts, who made relevant recommendations calling for reducing the number of state institutions that were unaccountable to the audit service and giving the latter more independence. This paper analyses the key works of pre-revolutionary authors published in the early 20th century and devoted to the history of the State Control of the Russian Empire. Both in the imperial period and today, the Russian audit institution, in contrast with political, historical and military topics, has been of primary interest not to historians, but to economists, financiers and lawyers, since it requires special knowledge of the State Control’s technical mechanisms. Based on this, the author selected the following works that require thorough examination: How People’s Money Is Spent in Russia by I.Kh. Ozerov, On the Transformation of the State Control by Yu.V. Tansky, an official anniversary edition State Control. 1811–1911, and Essays on the Russian Budget Law. Part 1 by L.N. Yasnopolsky. The author of this article considers these works to be the highest quality studies on the Russian State Control at the beginning of the 20th century and their analysis to be of unquestionable importance for contemporary research into the history of the Russian audit institution.

scholarly journals “Lithuania” and “Russia” in the Reflection of Travelogues: from Karpini to Herberstein

2021 ◽  
pp. 380-396
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Dvornichenko
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Spatial Perception ◽  
Spatial Representations ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Field Of Vision ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Perception System ◽  
History Of ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Grand Duchy

The so-called travelogues, that is, “notes” (“legends”) of foreigners about the Russian state, are considered. The main attention is paid to the representation in these literary works of the spatial representations of their authors in connection with the history of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (the Lithuanian-Russian state). The relevance of the study is due to the lack of demand for travelogues, despite the fact that they found themselves in the field of vision of large, sometimes famous historians. Another aspect of relevance is shown — the topicality of the study of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania itself and the travelogues, as such. The results of a comparative analysis of the spatial perception system of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by the authors of travelogues up to the famous “Notes” by Sigismund Herberstein are presented. In this regard, first of all, the idea of the relationship between “Lithuania”, “Russia” and “Muscovy” in the geographical space of Eastern Europe is analyzed. It is concluded that the spatial representations of those who traveled through these territories or wrote on the basis of available information changed over time, reflecting, albeit in a distorted form, the complex processes of socio-political and ethnic development that took place in Eastern Europe, where the so-called Kievan Rus’, there were new, young states: the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Russia, which actually grew up on the same ethnic basis.

scholarly journals The History of Vilnius Old Jewish Cemetery at Šnipiškės in the Period of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-92
Author(s):  
Elmantas Meilus
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
General Situation ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Tax Exemptions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Fifteenth ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Grand Duchy

The recent international outcry concerning an old Jewish cemetery once again being destroyed in a former suburb of Vilnius, namely Šnipiškės (nowadays in the very centre of the city), forces us to revise the history of its origin and development in the period of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Summarizing the history of the cemetery, one plausible conclusion is that the cemetery was established on state-owned land in the jurisdiction of the Castle possibly in the late fifteenth century and the first reliable historical data goes back to the late sixteenth century in relation to tax exemptions. A comparison of historical, cartographic and archaeological data permits to make a valid assumption that the oldest burials from the second half of the sixteenth century were located in the south-western and central section of the cemetery based on the layout of 1808 (in the area between the Sports Hall and swimming pool built in the Soviet period). The cemetery developed gradually by acquiring separate state land plots belonging to the Castle Authority (Horodnictwo) and Forestry Authority (Derewnictwo) which were rented by different persons and by taking over payment of the taxes and fees they used to pay. The general situation of the cemetery at that period was marked in the plan from the Fürstenhof collection, drafted in approximately 1730. The Jewish cemetery was combined into one mas out of separate plots around 1790 in listing the urban possessions (land plots). Such situation was reflected in the layout of 1808 (possession no. 1116).

scholarly journals BETWEEN ARTISTIC AND SCIENTIFIC VISUAL RECONSTRUCTION: CASE STUDY OF VILNIUS UPPER CASTLE / TARP MENINĖS IR MOKSLINĖS VAIZDINĖS REKONSTRUKCIJOS: VILNIAUS AUKŠTUTINĖS PILIES ATVEJIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
Edita Povilaitytė-Leliugienė
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Rapid Decay ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
History Of ◽  
Heritage Protection ◽  
Visual Reconstruction ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Grand Duchy

The article tells the history of reconstruction images of the Vilnius Upper Castle. The rapid decay of the defences constructions in 19th century have encouraged not only the first heritage protection practices but also artistic inspirations to visually recreate the majestic spirit of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Artists, architects, art critics, and later archaeologists, investigated first construction forms by analysing the remains of architectural elements and by referring to iconographic, archaeological data and analogues. Images, schemes and models from the second half of 20th century had a particularly large influence on today’s’ understanding of historic visualisation of architectural forms of the castle. The purpose of this article is to examine the origin of reconstructive images and the grounds of the visual playback of architectural forms. Straipsnyje atskleidžiama Vilniaus Aukštutinės pilies rekonstrukcinių vaizdų istorija. XIX amžius, prasidėjęs sparčiu gynybinio komplekso nykimu, paskatino ne tik pirmąsias paveldosaugines praktikas, bet ir menines inspiracijas atvaizduose atkurti didingą Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės dvasią. Menininkai, architektai, menotyrininkai, vėliau archeologai nagrinėdami pilies architektūrinių elementų liekanas bei remdamiesi ikonografija, archeologiniais duomenimis, analogijomis tyrė ir analizavo pirmines statinių formas. Ypač XX a. antrosios pusės piešiniai / brėžiniai, maketai suformavo ir šiandieninį pilies istorinio vaizdo suvokimą. Straipsnyje siekiama išnagrinėti rekonstrukcinių vaizdų kilmę ir atskleisti, kuo grįstas architektūrinių formų vizualinis atkūrimas.

scholarly journals History representations and interpretations in contemporary Lithuanian theatre

Menotyra ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Steiblytė
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Memory Politics ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Grand Duchy

The text deals with (re)interpretations of history in professional contemporary Lithuanian theatre.According to historians, nowadays there are few dominating narratives about Lithuanian history: the history of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with the grand dukes in the forefront, the only Lithuanian king Mindaugas, and the history of the 20th century wars, occupation ant battles for independence. Based on that, the text provides an attempt to figure out how these narratives are represented and reinterpreted in contemporary Lithuanian theatre with the 20th century stories dominating the repertory of historic performances. Those are both confirming the predominant narratives and reinterpreting them and establishing new relation with personalities and events dominant in memory politics. The text also deals with the narrative of the victim that dominates historic Lithuanian self-perception. Two performances help as examples understanding how this narrative can be strengthened or criticised. The last part of the text presents the place that Polish, Russian and Jewish minorities get in contemporary Lithuanian theatre to represent their versions of history and asks whether contemporary Lithuanian theatre is contributing to the creation of a more involving social environment.

scholarly journals Moskovitki, Moskovki, Moskalikhi: Gender history of Russian Emigration in the 16th – 17th centuries

2021 ◽  
pp. 88-187
Author(s):  
Konstantin Erusalimskiy
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Grey Zone ◽  
Gender History ◽  
Legal Traditions ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Good Grasp ◽  
Decisions To Leave ◽  
History Of ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Grand Duchy

Exile or free movement of Early-Modern Russian women abroad (first of all to Polish Crown and Grand Duchy of Lithuania) comes under scrutiny in the article, which is based on the manifold evidence from the 16th to the 18th centuries. Push-factors were decisions to leave the country with their husbands, children or other relatives, captivity, abduction and desertion in the frontier regions of the Russian state. The pull-factors were quite weak, and can be rarely proven by the evidence of sources evidence. Usually, the wives of the gentry (syny boiarskie) successfully integrated into the new society either with their husbands and sons or alone in the case of their death. These women of Muscovite origin often had a good grasp of the legal traditions of their home lands. They found familiar traits in the judicial practices of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Emigrees from the low classes emerged in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the normative “grey zone”, from which they could either rise to freedom, or remain in slavery owned by local gentry, magnates or town-dwellers. Special attention is paid to the sexual and family violence which could force the Muscovite women flee abroad, made them and their representatives bring lawsuits in the Commonwealth. Objectivation of women in Russia fed ethnical visions, but it did not stimulate stereotypes and phantasms typical for the Time of Enlightenment.

scholarly journals Reasons and Nature of the Accession of Kazakhstan to the Russian Empire (Historiography of the Problem)

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
A.A. Alinov ◽  
М.А. Demin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
The Past ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Approaches To Study ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The article is devoted to the analysis of historical concepts developed by Soviet, Russian and Kazakhstan historians on one of the most debatable issues in the history of Russian-Kazakh relations, regarding the reasons and nature of Kazakhstan's accession to the Russian Empire. Soviet historians have done a lot to accumulate a factual base for studying Russian-Kazakh relations. However, following predetermined ideological theses narrowed the problems of research and obscured the complexity and inconsistency of the phenomena under consideration. In the post-Soviet period, Russian historical science uses the latest methodological approaches to study the phenomenon of empire, requiring neutral assessments taking into account various aspects of imperial construction and imperial practice. Onedimensional damning characteristics began to give way to issues of historical experience of the Russian Empire, explaining how, in conditions of confessional diversity and multinational composition of the population, it managed to maintain stability for many centuries. In the 1990s in Kazakh historiography, the concept of "voluntary entry" of Kazakhstan into Russia was radically revised with an emphasis on exposing the colonial essence of Russian transformations in the region. Over the past two decades, Kazakh historical science has been gradually moving away from unilateral radical assessments and political conjuncture, more balanced and justified characteristics of the accession of the Kazakh Steppe to the Russian state appear.

Foreign Centres of Belarusian Studies.The Ostrogorski Centre in London

2021 ◽  
pp. 186-198
Author(s):  
Ivan Rodionov
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Second World ◽  
Grand Duchy

The article analyzes the activities of the Ostrogorski Centre as one of the most active Belarusian organizations in the UK nowadays. The research is based on the analysis of the publications taken from The Journal of Byelorus-sian Studies and the course «The Grand Duchy of Lithuania in European and Belarusian History» offered by Ostrogorski Academy. The history of the Journal of Byelorussian Studies dates back to the mid-1960s. The journal was initiated by the Anglo-Belarusian Society. The first issue of the Yearbook was published in 1965. The journal as a whole tended towards a philological (linguistic) orientation. The General theme of articles on histori-cal Belarusian topics in the journal was firstly of random, fragmentary charac-ter, without a common editorial purpose and the philosophy of the journal his-torical issues: for example, the description of individual issues of «Nasha Niva» newspaper is replaced by articles about the role of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the daily life of the nobles, presented in memoirs, the influence of Belarus-ian masters on Moscow architecture, etc. In the majority of the thematically «scattered» historical publications, one line clearly emerges –the national one. The journal was published again in 2013 due to the joint efforts of Os-trogorski Centre and the Anglo-Belarusian Society. It has acquired a more sci-entific structure. It publishes articles on Belarusian literature, linguistics, inter-national relations, civil society, history and art, as well as book reviews, which emphasizes its scientific component. The modern version of the journalcontains a larger number of articles on historical topics in comparison with the publica-tion of the second half of the 20th century. Publications of the modern journal deal with such topics as the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the early Soviet period of the 1920–30s and belarusization, Western Belarus as a part of Poland, the period of the Second World War, Stalinism, personalities, etc.

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