Tissue clearing and 3D imaging in developmental biology

ABSTRACT Tissue clearing increases the transparency of late developmental stages and enables deep imaging in fixed organisms. Successful implementation of these methodologies requires a good grasp of sample processing, imaging and the possibilities offered by image analysis. In this Primer, we highlight how tissue clearing can revolutionize the histological analysis of developmental processes and we advise on how to implement effective clearing protocols, imaging strategies and analysis methods for developmental biology.

A Study on Difficulties and Solutions in English Speaking Skills of Students at Hufi

Speaking skill is one of the most necessary skill in English to communicate in our daily life. When learning speaking skills, what you aim for is how to communicate naturally and fluently with foreigners. People can have good writing and listening skills if you have a good grasp of vocab-ulary and grammar but your reflexes are poor. Some common reasons why HUFI students have difficulty speaking English are afraid of communication, lack of training environment, poor vo-cabulary and grammar. Nowadays, English has been introduced into teaching from primary school level. Students learn grammar and vocabulary, practice reading in books. So you have less chance to practice speaking. This situation goes on continuously and lasts up to university, making your English speaking skills poor. Because they are not sure about speaking skills, most students have difficulties in communicating in English. With the above reasons, the aim of this research is to investigate the difficulties and solutions to improve students' speaking skills of HUFI., help students confidently communicate in English in all situations and in daily life.

A Study on Difficulties and Solutions in English Speaking Skills of Students at Hufi

Speaking skill is one of the most necessary skill in English to communicate in our daily life. When learning speaking skills, what you aim for is how to communicate naturally and fluently with foreigners. People can have good writing and listening skills if you have a good grasp of vocab-ulary and grammar but your reflexes are poor. Some common reasons why HUFI students have difficulty speaking English are afraid of communication, lack of training environment, poor vo-cabulary and grammar. Nowadays, English has been introduced into teaching from primary school level. Students learn grammar and vocabulary, practice reading in books. So you have less chance to practice speaking. This situation goes on continuously and lasts up to university, making your English speaking skills poor. Because they are not sure about speaking skills, most students have difficulties in communicating in English. With the above reasons, the aim of this research is to investigate the difficulties and solutions to improve students' speaking skills of HUFI., help students confidently communicate in English in all situations and in daily life.

Holism as the empirical significance of symmetries

Not all symmetries are on a par. For instance, within Newtonian mechanics, we seem to have a good grasp on the empirical significance of boosts, by applying it to subsystems. This is exemplified by the thought experiment known as Galileo’s ship: the inertial state of motion of a ship is immaterial to how events unfold in the cabin, but is registered in the values of relational quantities such as the distance and velocity of the ship relative to the shore. But the significance of gauge symmetries seems less clear. For example, can gauge transformations in Yang-Mills theory—taken as mere descriptive redundancy—exhibit a similar relational empirical significance as the boosts of Galileo’s ship? This question has been debated in the last fifteen years in philosophy of physics. I will argue that the answer is ‘yes’, but only for a finite subset of gauge transformations, and under special conditions. Under those conditions, we can mathematically identify empirical significance with a failure of supervenience: the state of the Universe is not uniquely determined by the intrinsic state of its isolated subsystems. Empirical significance is therefore encoded in those relations between subsystems that stand apart from their intrinsic states.

Revealing shifts from mastery of knowledge to problem solving in assessments of a tertiary physics programme

There is an increasing pressure on lecturers to work with two goals. First, they need to ensure that their undergraduate students have a good grasp of the knowledge and skills of the intellectual field. In addition, they need to prepare graduates and postgraduates for careers both within and outside of academia. The problem we address in this paper is the way in which assessments may reveal a shift of focus from a mastery of knowledge to a work-focused orientation. We examine this shift through a case study of physics and the sub-discipline of theoretical physics as intellectual fields. The evidence is comprised of assessment tasks given to students at different points of their studies from first year to doctoral level. By examining and analysing the assessment tasks using concepts from Legitimation Code Theory (LCT), we demonstrate how the shifts in the assessments lead students incrementally from a pure disciplinary focus to one that enables them to pursue employment potentially both within and outside of academia. In doing so, we also highlight the usefulness of LCT as a framework for evaluating the preparation of science students for diverse workplaces.

Establishing Lineage Legitimacy and Building Labrang Monastery as “the Source of Dharma”: Jikmed Wangpo (1728–1791) Taking the Helm

The eighteenth century witnessed the continuity of Geluk growth in Amdo from the preceding century. Geluk inspiration and legacy from Central Tibet and the accompanying political patronage emanating from the Manchus, Mongols, and local Tibetans figured prominently as the engine behind the Geluk influence that swept Amdo. The Geluk rise in the region resulted from contributions made by native Geluk Buddhists. Amdo native monks are, however, rarely treated with as much attention as they deserve for cultivating extensive networks of intellectual transmission, reorienting and shaping the school’s future. I therefore propose that we approach Geluk hegemony and their broad initiatives in the region with respect to the school’s intellectual and cultural order and native Amdo Buddhist monks’ role in shaping Geluk history in Amdo and beyond in Tibet. Such a focus highlights their impact in shaping the trajectory of Geluk history in Tibet and Amdo in particular. The historical and biographical literature dealing with the life of Jikmed Wangpo affords us a rare window into the pivotal time when every effort was made to cultivate a vast network of institutions and masters across Tibet. This further spurred an institutional growth of Buddhist transmission, constructing authenticity and authority thereof, as they were closely tied to reincarnation lineage, intellectual traditions, and monastic institutions. In doing so, we also have a good grasp of the creation processes of Geluk luminaries such as Jikmed Wangpo, an exemplar scholar and visionary who faced great opposition from issues with his lineage legitimation at Labrang and among the larger Geluk community.

RAISING ENGINEERING STUDENTS’ AWARENESS AS REGARDS THE IMPORTANCE OF IMPROVING THEIR PROFICIENCY IN ENGLISH

This research paper presents the results obtained after analysing the answers given by a number of 170 engineering students to questions referring to the current role of English, both in engineering education and in engineers’ professional activity, especially when that activity is carried out in multinational companies.In addition, it emphasizes the importance of presenting students, during the early stages of their academic education, with the advantages provided by a good command of the English language. First, because employers in the field of engineering, especially those representing multinational companies (and such multinational companies are present in Oradea) need employees with a good grasp of English. Second, because academic education often involves the use of English for conducting research and/or for presenting the results of research.

The biophysics of photothermal treatments with lasers and intense pulsed light systems

Lasers and intense pulsed lights are commonly used for many skin applications today. An understanding of the basic biophysics is essential to achieve good clinical outcomes. Yet, the author's training experiences demonstrate that many users do not have a good grasp of some of these concepts. In this article, Mike Murphy will address these issues, and the most important parameters that need to be considered when treating the skin with high-energy devices will be identified

Teaching somatic idioms during the corona crisis (based on historical and literary texts)

By the last millennium of the twentieth century, phraseology was established as an independent branch of linguistics, and now it is being developed in several directions. One of them is the theory of idioethnic phraseology. This doctrine considers the asymmetry in phraseology and the semantic description of the resulting phraseological units (PhU), the concept of phraseological paradigm (PhP), the “cap” as a phraseological category, and its relationship to phraseological derivation. This paper focuses on phraseological units and the difficulties in teaching students during the corona crisis. We use the World Bank’s data on Kazakhstan (summer 2020), building on the narrative that “the COVID-19 pandemic has a negative impact on the development of human capital not only in Kazakhstan, but all over the world. Uneven access to quality education, especially during the quarantine period, can negatively affect the development of human beings.” Because of said challenges, many educational establishments transferred the education system to distance learning. Teaching languages, especially when teaching phraseology, requires a lot of strength, a good grasp of modern technology, and innovative approaches. The aim of our research is to identify (1) the semantic field of the somatic idioms based on relevant historical and literary texts and (2) viable ways of teaching students during the corona crisis

Moskovitki, Moskovki, Moskalikhi: Gender history of Russian Emigration in the 16th – 17th centuries

Exile or free movement of Early-Modern Russian women abroad (first of all to Polish Crown and Grand Duchy of Lithuania) comes under scrutiny in the article, which is based on the manifold evidence from the 16th to the 18th centuries. Push-factors were decisions to leave the country with their husbands, children or other relatives, captivity, abduction and desertion in the frontier regions of the Russian state. The pull-factors were quite weak, and can be rarely proven by the evidence of sources evidence. Usually, the wives of the gentry (syny boiarskie) successfully integrated into the new society either with their husbands and sons or alone in the case of their death. These women of Muscovite origin often had a good grasp of the legal traditions of their home lands. They found familiar traits in the judicial practices of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Emigrees from the low classes emerged in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the normative “grey zone”, from which they could either rise to freedom, or remain in slavery owned by local gentry, magnates or town-dwellers. Special attention is paid to the sexual and family violence which could force the Muscovite women flee abroad, made them and their representatives bring lawsuits in the Commonwealth. Objectivation of women in Russia fed ethnical visions, but it did not stimulate stereotypes and phantasms typical for the Time of Enlightenment.