A Study on the Effect of Police Officers' Contact with Elderly and Knowledge on Aging on The Attitudes towards the Elderly

ABSTRACTCompetency of witnesses depends upon the accuracy of their memory and their credibility. This paper addresses both of these factors with respect to the elderly. First, a review of the accuracy of the elderly eyewitness in recall and identification of a criminal suspect relative to that of young adults is presented. Secondly, the results of a study testing the perceptions of the legal community and the general public toward the elderly witness are given. And thirdly, the attitudes of the elderly toward police officers, trial judges, crown attorneys, and defense lawyers are discussed. Young adults were found to be seven to 20 per cent more accurate on the average than elderly subjects in recall for crime-related events and in the identification of a suspect. However, results also showed that some elderly subjects are equally as accurate as young adults in the visual identification of a suspect. Police officers, lawyers, probation officers, the general public, and elderly subjects rated the elderly witness relatively high in understandability, activity, potency, and evaluation. These judgements suggest that the credibility of the elderly witness is favorable. Finally, the study showed that elderly subjects perceive trial judges, prosecutors, and defense lawyers positively, and they are particularly supportive of the police.

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“attitudes of the Spanish Police Towards Patients With Schizophrenia or Depressive Disorders”

10.21203/rs.3.rs-882723/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Miguel Mengual-Pujante ◽

Inés Morán-Sánchez ◽

Aurelio Luna-Ruiz ◽

María-Dolores Pérez-Cárceles

Keyword(s):

Police Officers ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Psychiatric Patients ◽

The Elderly ◽

Mental Illnesses ◽

Professional Career ◽

Attribution Questionnaire ◽

Police Action ◽

Stigmatizing Attitudes ◽

National Police

Abstract Background: Police officers have become an important part of psychiatric patients´ care; however, few studies have assessed the Police´s attitudes toward these patients. Our aim is to analyze the effect of the stigma associated with different mental illnesses on police officers.Methods: the attitudes of 927 officers of the Spanish National Police Force towards a person with schizophrenia or depressive disorder in the role of person in need of assistance, victim, witness, or suspect, were assessed by means of the Attribution Questionnaire adapted to the police context. Different socio-demographic variables were also collected. Results: Police officers expressed more willingness to help, felt more pity and considered psychiatric patients to be less responsible for their situation than people who were not described as being mentally ill. They also showed increased feelings of anger and avoidance, greater danger perception and need for segregation and coercion for medical treatment, especially in schizophrenia. Being a woman, the elderly and having more working experience, are associated with less stigmatizing attitudes among officers. Conclusions: Police officers have certain attitudes about mental illness particularly schizophrenia, that require special attention, as they may disrupt police action. We found several factors associated with the persistence of these stigmatizing attitudes in the Police that can guide us to implement training programs to promote attitude changing especially at the beginning of the professional career.

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UNDERSTANDING THE LEGAL ASPECT OF LAW ENFORCEMENT HIRING AND RETENTION

International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH ◽

10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i8.2019.680 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. 328-331

Author(s):

Phillip R. Neely Jr. ◽

Joseph Cillo JD

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

Police Officers ◽

Legal Aspect ◽

The Elderly ◽

Criminal History ◽

Law Enforcement Agencies ◽

Background Checks ◽

Deputy Sheriffs ◽

New Recruits

Law enforcement agencies struggle to hire officers. Law enforcement agencies are compelled to hold applicants to higher standards. Often, due to the danger that may occur, some applicants feel the pay is not worth the risk. Other applicants cannot complete the series of test such as physical agility, psychological, background checks and their criminal history. Even after an officer is hired, they are held to certain standards they must maintain to remain employed. In the State of Georgia, the Peace Officer Standard Training keeps a record of each officer in Georgia that provides the citizens with qualified, professional, trained, ethical and competent peace officers in law enforcement. Any violations could result in the officer certification being suspended or revoked and will show if a person has been fired or quit voluntarily. Hiring and Retention of law enforcement officers will need to be addressed. Police officers or Deputy Sheriffs are needed to maintain order, investigate crimes whether misdemeanors or felonies and crimes against children or the elderly. If agencies cannot retain officer’s criminals would not have consequences for their actions and society would revert to the days of outlaws and common law citizens. Not being able to hire and retain officers can have an impact externally and internally. If officers are not hired or retain the following could cause long term problems such as; officer burnout due to the overtime, case overloads for investigators or detectives, new recruits using the agency as a steppingstone until another job is found.

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Cell surface changes during aging of human bladder epithelium examined by lectin probes and SEM

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100162429 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 966-967

Author(s):

J. Jacob ◽

M.F.M. Ismail

Keyword(s):

The Elderly ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Pokeweed Mitogen ◽

Asymmetric Structure ◽

Luminal Surface ◽

Bladder Epithelium ◽

Aldehyde Groups ◽

Cell Surface Changes ◽

Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽

Surface Changes

Ultrastructural changes have been shown to occur in the urinary bladder epithelium (urothelium) during the life span of humans. With increasing age, the luminal surface becomes more flexible and develops simple microvilli-like processes. Furthermore, the specialised asymmetric structure of the luminal plasma membrane is relatively more prominent in the young than in the elderly. The nature of the changes at the luminal surface is now explored by lectin-mediated adsorption visualised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Samples of young adult (21-31 y old) and elderly (58-82 y old) urothelia were fixed in buffered 2% glutaraldehyde for 10 m and washed with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing Ca++ and Mg++ at room temperature. They were incubated overnight at 4°C in 0.1 M ammonium chloride in PBS to block any remaining aldehyde groups. The samples were then allowed to stand in PBS at 37°C for 2 h before incubation at 37°C for 30 m with lectins. The lectins used were concanavalin A (Con A), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) at a concentration of 500 mg/ml in PBS at pH 7.A.

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The effect of dental geriatric curricula on attitudes toward the elderly

Journal of Dental Education ◽

10.1002/j.0022-0337.1988.52.9.tb02232.x ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 52 (9) ◽

pp. 516-518 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J Mann ◽

TJ Bomberg ◽

JM Holtzman ◽

DB Berkey

Keyword(s):

The Elderly

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Speech-Language Pathologists' Attitudes Toward Aging and the Elderly

Contemporary Issues in Communication Science and Disorders ◽

10.1044/cicsd_30_f_146 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 30 (Fall) ◽

pp. 146-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jeff Searl ◽

Rodney M. Gabel

Keyword(s):

The Elderly ◽

Speech Language Pathologists ◽

Attitudes Toward Aging

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Pharmacology Issues Related to Dementia Syndrome of Depression in Elderly Residents of Long-Term Care Settings

Perspectives on Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders ◽

10.1044/nnsld25.2.61 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 61-69

Author(s):

Angel L. Ball ◽

Adina S. Gray

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

The Elderly ◽

Environmental Communication ◽

Pharmacological Intervention ◽

Team Approach ◽

Discussion Paper ◽

Term Care ◽

Anticholinergic Medications ◽

Inappropriate Treatment ◽

Dementia Syndrome

Pharmacological intervention for depressive symptoms in institutionalized elderly is higher than the population average. Among the patients on such medications are those with a puzzling mix of symptoms, diagnosed as “dementia syndrome of depression,” formerly termed “pseudodementia”. Cognitive-communicative changes, potentially due to medications, complicate the diagnosis even further. This discussion paper reviews the history of the terminology of “pseudodementia,” and examines the pharmacology given as treatment for depressive symptoms in the elderly population that can affect cognition and communication. Clinicians can reduce the risk of misdiagnosis or inappropriate treatment by having an awareness of potential side effects, including decreased attention, memory, and reasoning capacities, particularly due to some anticholinergic medications. A team approach to care should include a cohesive effort directed at caution against over-medication, informed management of polypharmacology, enhancement of environmental/communication supports and quality of life, and recognizing the typical nature of some depressive signs in elderly institutionalized individuals.

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