scholarly journals A New Approach for Paraphrasing and Rewording a Challenging Text

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-168
Author(s):  
Yahya Polat ◽  
Satylmysh Bajak ◽  
Ainuska Zhumaeva
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Source Text ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Transformational Model ◽  
Practical Model ◽  
Taj Mahal

This article aims to propose a practical model for intra-lingual translation or paraphrase in another term. Paraphrase is a restatement of a text, rewording something written or spoken, especially to achieve greater clarity. This approach could help a troubled translator who is having issues translating a complex text into a receptor language by assessing the source text and reconstructing the contents in a simpler semantic structure. (Larson, 2012) Noam Chomsky’s generative–transformational model (1957, 1965) and Larson’s (2012) methodology have been followed to analyze sentences into a series of related levels governed by the help of several other techniques. To achieve this, firstly, the concepts; Intralingual translation, rewording, paraphrasing, and restatement are identified and explained. Secondly, methods of rewording are unpacked, then other elements that play an essential role in paraphrasing are presented. Thirdly, steps of paraphrasing are applied to the text Taj Mahal where skewings between semantic structure and grammatical features are studied and unskewed. Lastly, a conclusion is drawn from the findings to verify the hypothesis of the paraphrase. The findings and results of rewording are also briefly discussed.

scholarly journals A New Approach for Paraphrasing and Rewording a Challenging Text

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahya Polat ◽  
Satylmysh Bajak ◽  
Ainuska Zhumaeva
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Source Text ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Transformational Model ◽  
Practical Model ◽  
Taj Mahal

This article aims to propose a practical model for intra-lingual translation or paraphrase in another term. Paraphrase is a restatement of a text, rewording something written or spoken, especially to achieve greater clarity. This approach could help a troubled translator who is having issues translating a complex text into a receptor language by assessing the source text and reconstructing the contents in a simpler semantic structure. (Larson, 2012) Noam Chomsky’s generative–transformational model (1957, 1965) and Larson’s (2012) methodology have been followed to analyze sentences into a series of related levels governed by the help of several other techniques. To achieve this, firstly, the concepts; Intralingual translation, rewording, paraphrasing, and restatement are identified and explained. Secondly, methods of rewording are unpacked, then other elements that play an essential role in paraphrasing are presented. Thirdly, steps of paraphrasing are applied to the text Taj Mahal where skewings between semantic structure and grammatical features are studied and unskewed. Lastly, a conclusion is drawn from the findings to verify the hypothesis of the paraphrase. The findings and results of rewording are also briefly discussed.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF ENGLISH FAIRY TALE SEMANTIC STRUCTURE

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (16) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
N. F. Yeremeieva
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Representation ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Cognitive Semantics ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Psychological Space ◽  
Conceptual Space

The article deals with semantics of English folk fairytales. Conceptual analysis is considered to be a new approach to the learning of folk fairytales. This analysis is performed in terms of cognitive linguistics which deals with structures of knowledge representation, which form language signs and speech patterns. The purpose of the investigation is to identify the patterns of structuring of mental representations which form conceptual (psychological) space of folk fairytale texts. They are considered to be the main prerequisite for both the folk fairytale formation and its understanding. While investigating the folk fairytale texts we have used the frame approach for modeling the conceptual space of a folk fairytale as a sign which is characterized by certain semantics .Our investigation develops Propp’s ideas and is connected with conceptual (cognitive) semantics Nowadays formal apparatus for modeling verbalized knowledge is developed within this field of science.

scholarly journals „EIN MONOLOG DES FÜRSTEN MYSCHKIN1“ (NACH FEDOR DOSTOEVSKIJS ROMAN IDIOT) VON INGEBORG BACHMANN UND SEINE ÜBERTRAGUNGEN INS RUSSISCHE: ASPEKTE DER ÜBERSETZUNGSFORSCHUNG

2021 ◽  
Vol XII (38) ◽  
pp. 31-50
Author(s):  
Andrea Meyer-Fraaz
Keyword(s):  
Political History ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Ingeborg Bachmann ◽  
Translation Research ◽  
Oriented Approach

The paper analyzes three translations of a fragment of Ingeborg Bachmann’s libretto for Hans Werner Henze’s ballet, The Idiot. Bachmann’s libretto is based on Dostoevsky’s novel, but it also expresses crucial themes of her own poetry, which is underlined by the fact that the text was integrated into her book of poems, Invocation of the Great Bear. Following the transfer-oriented approach of the Göttingen School of translation research, first, the semantic structure of the source text is examined, after which, the target texts are analyzed with regard to significant deviations, which are then explained against the backgrounds of literary, cultural and social-political history. The fact that Bachmann’s text refers back to Dostoevsky’s novel plays a not inconsiderable role in the choice of texts to be translated.

Shakespeare’s Post-Colonial Legacy: The Case of Othello

2013 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-34
Author(s):  
Maria Löschnigg
Keyword(s):  
Literary Texts ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Source Text ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Colonial Legacy

Abstract Post-colonial rewritings of European classics have been categorized either as texts which perpetuate colonial structures, or as ‘canonical counterdiscourses’, which stand in clear opposition to the source text. Appropriations of Shakespeare, in particular, have been the target of such polarized readings, which all seem to be based on the assumption that literary texts are fixed discourses. In my essay I shall try to counter the narrow post-colonial conceptualisation of the counter-discourse by taking a closer look at Othello-rewritings, with a special focus on African Murray Carlin’s play Not Now, Sweet Desdemona. As will be illustrated, Carlin’s text, just like so many other Shakespeare rewritings, draws on the ambiguities inherent in the pre-text, in order to engage in a dialogue with the Renaissance tragedy and activate its relevancies for modern post-colonial societies in a global context. The article thus proposes a new approach to Shakespeare rewritings, one that considers the pretexts’ polyvalence and one that exchanges notions of counter-discursivity with notions of textual and cultural reciprocity.

Niko Tinbergen's life and work: a new approach to biology

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-553
Author(s):  
Iver Mysterud
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Nobel Laureate ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Acid Deficiency ◽  
Facteurs Environnementaux ◽  
Fatty Acid Deficiency ◽  
Protein Intolerance

English The life and work of the eminent ethologist and Nobel laureate Nikolaas Tinbergen (1907—1988) played an essential role in the introduction of a new approach that is transforming the scientific understanding of animal behaviour, human nature and evolution. This article focuses on an extremely well-written biography of him, Niko's Nature, by Hans Kruuk, one of Tinbergen's former students. Niko's Nature is more than a biography: it is a presentation and an evaluation of the main lines of European ethology and behaviour research in the 20th century up to the 1980s. Tinbergen suffered from depression most of his adult life, and if he had been a child today, he probably would have been diagnosed as hyperactive (ADHD). Tinbergen fits into a pattern of lifelong fatty-acid deficiency. I also discuss other possible causes of his problems (like protein intolerance, vitamin deficiency, genetics and novel environmental factors) and speculate how Tinbergen would have approached such issues if he were alive today. French La vie et l’oeuvre de Nikolaas Tinbergen (1907–1988), éthologue éminent et Prix Nobel, ont été essentielles pour l’apparition d’une approche nouvelle dans la compréhension scientifique du comportement animal, de la nature humaine et de l’évolution. Ce texte commente une biographie de Tinbergen écrite par l’un de ses anciens étudiants Hans Kruuk, Niko’s Nature. Niko’s Nature est plus qu’une simple biographie, il s’agit en fait d’une présentation et d’une évaluation des principaux courants de l’éthologie et de la recherche comportementale en Europe au 20ème siècle, jusqu’aux années 1980. Durant toute sa vie d’adulte, Tinbergen a souffert de dépression et s’il avait été enfant de nos jours, il aurait probablement été diagnostiqué comme enfant hyperactif (THADA). Tinbergen semble correspondre à un schéma de déficience durable en acides gras. L’auteur évoque aussi d’autres pistes explicatives (comme l’intolérance aux protéines, la déficience en vitamines, la génétique, l’apparition de nouveaux facteurs environnementaux) et s’interroge sur la façon dont Tinbergen aurait approché l’étude de ces questions s’il était encore vivant.

scholarly journals Why Traditional Chinese Medicine can not be a new approach to alleviate the symptoms of COVID-19 ?

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geer Chen ◽  
Yehao Luo ◽  
Donghan Xu ◽  
Yuzhou Pang ◽  
Peiqi Ou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Cough Headache ◽  
Herbal Decoction ◽  
Difficulty Breathing ◽  
Severe Type

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has a unique set of therapeutic methods for plagues. COVID-19 is a severe type of pneumonia caused by a new coronavirus, which manifests in fever, cough, headache, fatigue, difficulty breathing, and other symptoms. TCM has fully displayed its advantages of various approaches in this epidemic, including herbal decoction, patent herbs, aroma packets, acupuncture, massage, etc. These methods have played an essential role in the prevention, treatment, and nursing of COVID-19, not only in alleviating the early clinical symptoms of patients but reducing the progression from mild to severe symptoms. Thanks to the advantages of treating the pandemic, we should pay more attention to TCM modalities.

Artificial Emotional Intelligence in Virtual Creatures

2009 ◽  
pp. 350-378
Author(s):  
Félix Francisco Ramos Corchado ◽  
Héctor Rafael Orozco Aguirre ◽  
Luis Alfonso Razo Ruvalcaba
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
New Faculty ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Social Competencies ◽  
Emotion Control ◽  
Process Behavior ◽  
Virtual Creatures ◽  
Competence Framework

Emotions play an essential role in the cognitive processes of an avatar and are a crucial element for modeling its perception, learning, decision process, behavior and other cognitive functions. Intense emotions can affect significantly the behavior of an avatar in a virtual environment, for instance, driving its behavior unstable as the consequence of deep emotional influence. The response of an avatar to such influence is the development of the capacity to recognize and manage emotions. In this work we describe a new faculty called Artificial Emotional Intelligence (AEI), and we propose a model based on Emotional Intelligence (EI) to develop a new approach to the problem of mood and emotion control. This approach applies the concept of EI and provides the needed tools to make avatars have AEI. In addition, we use the Emotional Competence Framework (ECF) to define and apply the personal and social competencies of an avatar.

Smith’s Golden Bough

2020 ◽  
pp. 191-252
Author(s):  
Sam Gill
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Academic Study

This chapter draws inspiration from the broad contributions of Jonathan Smith as well as the author’s in an extensive development of a new approach to a proper academic study of religion based on the philosophy and biology of human movement. The implications and advantages of this distinctive self-moving approach are discussed in terms of place, myth, ritual, comparison, body, and religion theory. The chapter presents a richly developed range of new perspectives and concepts, including aesthetic of impossibles, transduction, play, the corporeality of concepts, coherence as preferable to meaning, the essential role of metastability and nonlinearity in religion studies, gesture/posture/prosthesis as opening access to experience, religion as skill-based behavior, material/biological expansionism, biology of transcendence, and the challenges and goals to which a proper study of religion should be directed. The chapter concludes by proclaiming Jonathan Smith to be a major inspiration and resource for the creative and productive future of the study of religion.

scholarly journals Lexicography and the translation of ‘cedars of Lebanon’ in the Septuagint

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacobus A. Naude ◽  
Cynthia L. Miller-Naude
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Symbolic Meaning ◽  
Biblical Text ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Greek Translation ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Contradictory Data

Botanical terms in the Septuagint reveal a mass of uncertain and sometimes contradictory data, owing to the translators’ inadequate and inaccurate understanding of plants. To understand the metaphorical and symbolic meaning of plants, the new approach represented by Biblical Plant Hermeneutics places the taxonomy of flora on a strong ethnological and ethnobotanical basis by studying each plant in situ and gathering indigenous knowledge about the plant and its context in the biblical text. This article applies this methodology to the translation of the Hebrew source text term אֶרֶז [cedar] in the Septuagint as κέδρος [cedar] or κέδρινος (the adjectival form of κέδρος) and its interpretation in the light of lexicography, which lead to contradictory identifications. A complexity theoretical approach is proposed to provide a solution for the various identification choices in the light of lexicography to communicate the cultural values of the Hebrew source text and its Greek translation.

scholarly journals A Novel Key-Frame Extraction Approach for Both Video Summary and Video Index

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoshuai Lei ◽  
Gang Xie ◽  
Gaowei Yan
Keyword(s):  
Human Perception ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Key Frame Extraction ◽  
Key Frame ◽  
Video Summary ◽  
Key Frames ◽  
Svd Decomposition

Existing key-frame extraction methods are basically video summary oriented; yet the index task of key-frames is ignored. This paper presents a novel key-frame extraction approach which can be available for both video summary and video index. First a dynamic distance separability algorithm is advanced to divide a shot into subshots based on semantic structure, and then appropriate key-frames are extracted in each subshot by SVD decomposition. Finally, three evaluation indicators are proposed to evaluate the performance of the new approach. Experimental results show that the proposed approach achieves good semantic structure for semantics-based video index and meanwhile produces video summary consistent with human perception.

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