scholarly journals THE CITY AND PUBLIC RELATIONS IN THE WORKS OF CLASSICS OF EUROPEAN SOCIOLOGICAL THOUGHT

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
I.V. Manyshev ◽  
◽  
A.A. Trunov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Social Activism ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Methodological Foundation ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Sociological Thought ◽  
Mechanical Solidarity ◽  
The City

Urban studies has occupied and continues to occupy a special place in the system of sociological knowledge. G. Simmel, F. Tennis and E. Durkheim paid great attention to the problem of the genesis and evolution of large and small cities, the devel- opment of urbanization processes, various aspects of integration, mobilization and social activism within a single urban space. Classics of European sociological thought laid a powerful theoretical and methodological foundation for the scientific study of the institute of public relations in the social space of European cities of the late XIX – first half of the XX centuries. Their fun- damental differences between the countryside and the city, the specifics of private and public life in small and large cities, the antagonism between community and society, organic and mechanical solidarity, the progress of civilization and the parallel growth of social deviations allow a more adequate approach to the study of the institute of public relations, but in re- lation to modern realities, which are characterized by the processes of digitalization and globalization, the rapid develop- ment of high technologies, new opportunities for social interaction, which become available not only for the elite, but also for ordinary citizens. Without effective public relations, it is difficult to imagine the activities of city authorities and services, trade firms, corporations, police, educational and cultural institutions. We consider public relations as a universal socio-cultural mechanism that allows us to establish and maintain effective public communications between management entities and segments of the urban social environment that are important for their activities (individuals and social groups) in the mode of dialogue and search for joint solutions to current problems.

scholarly journals Social mechanism of inclusion of individuals into communication space of the city

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Daniel Dzhemalovich Abagero
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Functional Method ◽  
Social Mechanism ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Communication Space ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The City

The object of this research is the communication space of the city. The subject of this research is the social mechanisms and technologies for inclusion of individuals into communication urban space. Analysis and systematization of the existing technologies of inclusion into communicative urban space is realized applicable to a particular city – Moscow. The relevance of the selected topic is substantiated by the current trends of democratization of city planning, growing strive of the authorities of large cities to develop comfort public urban space and attract people to solution of pressing problems. The following methods were applies in the course of study: 1) document analysis and comparative methods in the context of historical-sociological analysis of sociological theories of the city; 2) modeling and structural-functional method in determining the category of “inclusion into communication space of the city” and its components; 3) case method in analyzing the current technologies of inclusion into the urban space of Moscow. The scientific novelty consists in formulation of definition of “inclusion into communication space of the city”, its components, as well as systematization of the existing technologies of inclusion of residents into social space on the example of Moscow. The author considers the modern information and communication technologies as the key determinant of inclusion into urban space.

scholarly journals The Effects of Gentrification on the Elderly: A Case Study in the City of Cáceres

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Lidia Domínguez-Parraga
Keyword(s):  
Social Space ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

This study aims to analyze the consequences of the gentrification process as a result of tourism on the elderly inhabitants. Firstly, the concept of gentrification is reviewed, a process that is no longer exclusive to large cities but has spread to smaller and lesser-known municipalities. A clear example of this type of new tourist destination is the city of Cáceres, a World Heritage medium-sized city where tourism is the basis of its economy. The research considers gentrification in medium-sized cities and its effect on active aging. Based on a qualitative methodological approach, a total of 32 in-depth interviews were conducted and analyzed to compare two neighborhoods—one gentrified and one not. The results show a remarkable disparity in the residents’ perceptions of their environment and their city. The findings suggest adverse effects on the quality of aging due to the gentrification process, such as family dependency, social-space disconnection, and a generally pessimistic image of the neighborhood. Consequently, the impact of tourism negatively affects the gentrified neighborhood inhabitants’ psychological, social, and emotional well-being.

scholarly journals Urban Connective Syntax: Re-Imagining the Connective Relationshops of Social Space in Toronto’s Downtown Core

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Smart
Keyword(s):  
Social Space ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
City Life ◽  
The Public ◽  
City Community ◽  
The Social ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
City Core ◽  
The City

Urban metropolitan city-centers offer the most complex, socially connective environments in the built world. The social structures fundamentally embedded in city life are, however increasingly being overshadowed by an isolating system of city densification. The City of Toronto, as a territory of exploration, is one of many cities that are evolving a dense array of restrictive boundaries that increasingly challenge human connectivity, and the deep-rooted ability of these environments to establish vibrant city life. It is the role of architecture to mediate the relationships between the public and private territories and to understand how these environments are utilized and engaged by the surrounding context. This thesis has extracted critical environmental components exemplified in city, community, and building territories, and has re-integrated these defining characteristics into an alternative design strategy that establishes a balanced symbiotic relationship between the private and public realms of Toronto’s future City Core.

scholarly journals Using Nighttime Light Data and POI Big Data to Detect the Urban Centers of Hangzhou

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 1821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ge Lou ◽  
Qiuxiao Chen ◽  
Kang He ◽  
Yue Zhou ◽  
Zhou Shi
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Space Structure ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Evaluation Report ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Nighttime Light Data ◽  
Nighttime Light ◽  
The City

The worldwide development of multi-center structures in large cities is a prevailing development trend. In recent years, China’s large cities developed from a predominantly mono-centric to a multi-center urban space structure. However, the definition and identification city centers is complex. Both nighttime light data and point of interest (POI) data are important data sources for urban spatial structure research, but there are few integrated applications for these two kinds of data. In this study, visible infrared imaging radiometer suite (NPP-VIIRS) nighttime imagery and POI data were combined to identify the city centers in Hangzhou, China. First, the optimal parameters of multi-resolution segmentation were determined by experiments. The POI density was then calculated with the segmentation results as the statistical unit. High–high clustering units were then defined as the main centers by calculating the Anselin Local Moran’s I, and a geographically weighted regression model was used to identify the subcenters according to the square root of the POI density and the distances between the units and the city center. Finally, a comparison experiment was conducted between the proposed method and the relative cut-off_threshold method, and the experiment results were compared with the evaluation report of the master plan. The results showed that the optimal segmentation parameters combination was 0.1 shape and 0.5 compactness factors. Two main city centers and ten subcenters were detected. Comparison with the evaluation report of the master plan indicated that the combination of nighttime light data and POI data could identify the urban centers accurately. Combined with the characteristics of the two kinds of data, the spatial structure of the city could be characterized properly. This study provided a new perspective for the study of the spatial structure of polycentric cities.

scholarly journals Research experience of informal street markets in Khabarovsk-city

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.Н. ДЕМЬЯНЕНКО ◽  
М.В. КЛИЦЕНКО ◽  
В.Н. УКРАИНСКИЙ
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Behavioral Patterns ◽  
Research Experience ◽  
Informal Markets ◽  
Street Trading ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City

В статье приведены результаты полевых исследований неформальных уличных рынков Хабаровска, имевших целью выявить и описать их пространственную организацию. В качестве тестируемой гипотезы было принято, что уличные неформальные рынки вписаны в социальное пространство города, а масштабы, сезонность и ассортимент реализуемой продукции, а также поведенческие паттерны участников обменов зависят от структуры городского пространства. Так как неформальные уличные рынки не наблюдаются и не фиксируются официальной статистикой, был использован традиционный метод изучения неформальных феноменов – полевые исследования, а также методы городской антропологии. При описании социального пространства г. Хабаровск были использованы методы как социально-экономического, так и вернакулярного микрорайонирования. Всего было выделено 15 внутригородских районов первого уровня членения социального пространства. Выявлено, что вернакулярные районы перемежаются лакунами, а их границы не имеют четкого характера. В ходе полевых исследований, продолжавшихся с апреля 2019 по июль 2020 г., было выявлено более 100 мест уличной торговли, которые объединены в три основных типа: постоянные, сезонные и эпизодические. Продавцы на неформальных рынках были объединены в три основные группы: «частники» (владельцы ЛПХ), «дачники» и «собиратели» (жители пригородов, реализующие на рынках «дары тайги»). Наблюдение за поведением отдельных социальных групп на неформальных рынках разных типов в различных районах свидетельствует в пользу того, что действительно существует связь между поведенческими паттернами агентов рынка и социокультурной средой. In the article, the results of field studies of the informal street markets in Khabarovsk intended to reveal and describe their spatial organization are presented. As the test hypothesis, it is anticipated that the street informal markets were incorporated into the social space of the city while the scales, seasonality and assortment of the realizable products as well as behavioral patterns of the exchange participants depend on the structure of the urban space. Because the informal street markets are not observed and fixed by the official statistics, the traditional methods of investigating the informal phenomena – field studies – as well as methods of the city anthropology were used. When describing the social space of Khabarovsk city, the methods of socio-economic and vernacular microzoning were used. In all, 15 inner-city districts of the first level were identified when dividing the social space. It was found that the vernacular districts alternate with lacunas and their boundaries are not of clear nature. In the course of the field studied continued from April, 2019, through July, 2020, more than 100 places of the street trading which were combined into three basic types: permanent, seasonal and episodic. The salesmen in the informal markets were combined into three basic groups: “private traders” (owners of personal subsidiary plots), “summer residents” and “gatherers” (suburban residents realizing in the markets the “gifts of taiga”). Observation of the behavior of particular social groups in the informal markets of different types in different districts attests to the fact that there is really relationship between the behavioral patterns of the market agents and sociocultural environment.

scholarly journals Architecture as the art of creating human-friendly places

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 059-076
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Chęć-Małyszek
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The City

The public space of a city plays a special role in the life of every human being, as it meets basic and at the same time most important needs related to safety and comfort of life. It is a combination of an idea and a technique, which for centuries has reflected the changes taking place in people's social and cultural life. While the city is a multi-layered structure with a clearly separated private and public zone, creating mutual relations between the buildings. Camillo Sitte saw the city urban spaces as a work of art, które should be designed in such a way that the inhabitants feel safe and happy, as it is not just a show-off of technical skill, but an artistic undertaking. [1] The art of designing architecture does not exist for itself, but is created for the target audience.  It provides a harmony that satisfies human needs and guarantees survival. It is an important factor influencing the development of an individual through the organization of a social living space. Urban spaces are primarily people and their needs that change over time. The first part of the article is devoted to the role of public spaces and the idea of the city as a work of art. The second part, in turn, is an attempt to define architecture as a kind of fine arts, taking into account the role it plays in the social life of Lublin's residents.  The article is an attempts to emphasize the importance of architecture in designing a human-friendly environment as an art design that meets social expectations with the use of selected examples urban space of the city of Lublin.

scholarly journals Sleep in the City. Private Experience of Beauty and Its Urban Implications

2017 ◽  
pp. 121-144
Author(s):  
Bartosz Pokorski
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Street Art ◽  
Late Capitalism ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Public Spheres ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The City ◽  
Aesthetic Ideal

In my paper I try to trace and understand the reasons for the birth of the 24/7 world as it is described by Johnatan Crary in his book 24/7 Late Capitalism and the Ends of Sleep. He proposes a grim vision of late capitalism in which sleep deprivation and the disintegration of public and private spaces will become a market necessity. My attempt to understand is supported on two other authors. First, Hannah Arendt provided me with an analysis of origins, transformations and somewhat present version of the relation of private and public spheres. Second, Fredrich Schiller delivered an interesting theory on the aesthetic ideal, art, beauty and human experience of beauty. These three analyzes stand as basis for my attempt to present a proposal to overcome the crisis described by Crary and the answer is related to the issue of aesthetic experience of street art in urban space.

scholarly journals Urban Connective Syntax: Re-Imagining the Connective Relationshops of Social Space in Toronto’s Downtown Core

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Smart
Keyword(s):  
Social Space ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
City Life ◽  
The Public ◽  
City Community ◽  
The Social ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
City Core ◽  
The City

Urban metropolitan city-centers offer the most complex, socially connective environments in the built world. The social structures fundamentally embedded in city life are, however increasingly being overshadowed by an isolating system of city densification. The City of Toronto, as a territory of exploration, is one of many cities that are evolving a dense array of restrictive boundaries that increasingly challenge human connectivity, and the deep-rooted ability of these environments to establish vibrant city life. It is the role of architecture to mediate the relationships between the public and private territories and to understand how these environments are utilized and engaged by the surrounding context. This thesis has extracted critical environmental components exemplified in city, community, and building territories, and has re-integrated these defining characteristics into an alternative design strategy that establishes a balanced symbiotic relationship between the private and public realms of Toronto’s future City Core.

scholarly journals «Memory of the city» and «memory in the city»: the heuristic resources of the waven concept of E. Toffler

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Nadiya Mikhno
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The Past ◽  
Semiotic Approach ◽  
Places Of Memory ◽  
The City

In the article the possibility of application of the futures concept E. Toffler to explain changes in commemorating the objects and practices of the modern urban environment. The theoretical justification of the concept of "space" as one of the central categories of science, and it kind of "social space", that is, of course, the object of the social sciences and humanities, primarily sociological analysis. The proposed explanatory scheme the ratio of physical and social space. Provides an overview of the concept of "urban space" as a specific education between physical and social space. Attention is drawn to the possibility of using a semiotic approach to the identified issues within the urban space. Based on the semiotic approach identified the need in our study to consider certain points in urban space, which are able to perform the function of historical and social translation of the past – "places of memory", and their General set – «landscapes of memory». Moreover that «landscapes of memory» and a separate "places of memory" of urban space is a resource mapping of the historical and social memory in the city. For clarity, the conceptual-categorylink research system, a distinction between "social" and "historical" memory. Outline the General provisions of the wave concept E. Toffler, namely the explanation of the three "waves" which are defined by the author as a large-scale global process of social dynamics. Recorded discussion of memory through the circuit of the wave of change in society. For memory analysis in contemporary urban space using wave concept of E. Toffler made the distinction between the concepts "memory" and "memory in the city", which differ in the locality translocase images of the past: the particular city or events and personalities outside the city. The study carried out analysis of the characteristics of the existence of «places of memory» and related commemorative practices in the contemporary and divergent of the future city, based on the idea regarding relationship E. Toffler’s "Second wave" and "Third wave" in modern society.

scholarly journals Architectural objects as elements of the social space of the city in the subject field of social sciences

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
Н. К. Міхно
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Symbolic Interaction ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Subject Field ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The City

The study tested that cities are studied from different perspectives: from city-to-city links, structural elements of urban space to everyday practices of cities. Among the representatives of the scientific field, which made a significant contribution to the development of the theory of urban research is to highlight J. Bodriyar, P. Bourdieu, D. Becker, D. Jacobs, C. Lynch, A. Lefevra, M. Castells, D. Garvey, A. Scott, R. Pal, J. Fischer, H. Delitz and others. Moreover interesting and thorough are the scientific works of Ukrainian researchers – V. Sereda, M. Sobolevskaya, L. Males, Y. Soroka, D. Sudin, A. Petrenko-Lisak, A. Mikheeva, L. Nagorna, O. Musiyuzdov and a number of others. In this case, the methodological position of the researchers is relevant, which states that the symbolic space of the city is formed through the ability of visual objects to translate cultural and symbolic codes with the help of geometric, semantic and aesthetic characteristics. For example, in this work, one of the key terms is «architectural landscapes» with which it is possible to analyze the combination of spatial forms in the city with meaningful cultural and ideological content. It was recorded that the signs or symbolic markers can serve as architectural buildings, monuments, memorable signs, street names, informational and promotional posters, and so on. The main objects of research in the sociology of the study of architectural forms gradually became the phenomenon of buildings and structures, as well as the development of theoretical directions in architecture, the study of the place and role of space in sociology and cultural studies. As a result in the methodological space, along with the phenomenological, anthropological, and linguistic turns, the term «architectural turn» appears. From the point of view of the system theory, architecture is not seen as the main subject of research, namely communication on architecture. Accordingly, institutional theory in sociology considers architecture as an «institutional mechanism» that firmly asks individuals a certain social order and allows for the implementation of architectural ideas. On the other hand, at the same time, open questions remain regarding the meaningful content of the meanings contained in the objects of architecture. The postmodern direction, which reveals other aspects of the study of architectural forms, deserves special attention. Discreteness Architectural of social life, «decentralization of the subject», the decomposition of reality into actual and virtual, freedom and spontaneity as characteristics of the postmodern era are reflected and read in the architecture of postmodern. The architectural space of the city is considered by a number of domestic and foreign researchers in the context of symbolic interaction between power structures and actors through architectural constructions and design of a living environment.

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