scholarly journals Indirect Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Tadalafil

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safwan Mohammad Fraihat
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation Reaction ◽  
Indigo Carmine ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods

Two spectrophotometric methods were developed for the determination Tadalafil in pharmaceutical preparations. The methods are based on the oxidation reaction with known excess amount of Ce(IV) and estimation of the unreacted amount using Indigo carmine dye (Method A) and in Methylene blue dye  (Method B). the factors affecting the reaction conditions were studied and the absorbance of absorbance of the oxidation reaction products were monitored at 610 and 600 nm for methods A and B respectively. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration ranges 11 to 50 and 10 to 55 ppm, the limits of detection and quantification are reported. The proposed method was applied to the determination of the drug in pharmaceutical formulations and the results demonstrated that the method is equally accurate, precise and reproducible as the official methods. The validity of method was established by recovery studies with satisfactory results.

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric determination ofβ-blocker drugs by oxidation with bromate–bromide mixture and its analytical application to pharmaceutical preparations

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 303-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akram M. El-Didamony ◽  
Eman A. H. Erfan
Keyword(s):  
Indigo Carmine ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Statistical Comparison ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

Three visible spectrophotometric methods (A–C) were developed for the analysis of someβ-blocker drugs, namely atenolol (ATE) and timolol (TIM) based on their reactivity with bromine, generated in situ by the action of hydrochloric acid on bromate–bromide mixture. The determination of residual bromine is based on its ability to bleach the indigo carmine dye and measuring the absorbance at 610 nm (method A). Methods B and C involve treating the unreacted bromine with a measured excess of iron (II), the remaining iron (II) is complexed with 1,10-phenanthroline (method B) or with 2,2'-bipyridyl (method C) and measuring the increase in absorbance at 510 and 522 nm, respectively. In all the methods, the amount of bromine reacted corresponding to the drug content. Regression analysis of Beer's plot showed good correlation in the concentration ranges of 0.4–16.4, 0.8–10.4 and 0.4–12.8 µg/ml using methods A–C, respectively, for ATE and 14–38, 12–32 and 14–38 µg/ml using methods A–C, respectively, for TIM. The optimum reaction conditions and other analytical parameters are evaluated. No interference was observed from the additives and the applicability of the methods was tested by analyzing the pharmaceutical preparations containing the investigated drugs. Statistical comparison of the results with those of official methods shows excellent agreement and indicates no significant difference in precision.

Colorimetric Determination of Amoxicillin in Pure and some Pharmaceutical Formulations Via Reaction with Potassium Permanganate as Oxidant Reagent

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Shebeeb Al-kadumi ◽  
Sahar Rihan Fadhel ◽  
Mohammed Abdullah Ahmed ◽  
Luma Amer Musa
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Permanganate ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Basic Medium ◽  
Photometric Method ◽  
Colorimetric Determination ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Label Claim

We proposed two simple, rapid, and convenient spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of Amoxicillin in bulk and its pharmaceutical preparations. They are based on the measurement of the flame atomic emission of potassium ion (in first method) and colorimetric determination of the green colored solution for manganite ion at 610 nm formed after reaction of Amoxicillin with potassium permanganate as oxidant agent (in the second method) in basic medium. The working conditions of the methods were investigated and optimized. Beer's law plot showed a good correlation in the concentration range of 5-45 μg/ml. The detection limits and relative standared deviations were (2.573, 2.814 μg/ml) (2.137, 2.498) for the flame emission photometric method and (1.844, 2.016 μg/ml) (1.645,1.932) for colorimetric methods for capsules and suspensions respectively. The methods were successfully applied to the determination of Amoxicillin in capsules and suspensions, and the obtained results were in good agreement with the label claim. No interference was observed from the commonly encountered additives and expectancies.

scholarly journals SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF SOFOSBUVIR AND DACLATASVIR IN PURE AND DOSAGE FORMS

2021 ◽  
pp. 112-119
Author(s):  
MONIR Z. SAAD ◽  
ATEF AMER ◽  
KHALED ELGENDY ◽  
BASEM ELGENDY
Keyword(s):  
Indigo Carmine ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Fixed Amount ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods

Objective: Two simple, sensitive and accurate spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of sofosbuvir (SOF) and daclatasvir (DAC) in pure forms and pharmaceutical formulations. Methods: The proposed methods are based on the oxidation of SOF and DAC by a known excess of cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate in sulphuric acid medium followed by determination of unreacted cerium(IV) by adding a fixed amount of indigo carmine (IC) and alizarin red S (ARS) dyes followed by measuring the absorbance at 610 and 360 nm, respectively. The experimental conditions affecting the reaction were studied and optimized. Results: The beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration ranges of 0.2-3.0, 0.2-4.0 for SOF and 0.5-4.5 and 0.5-5.0 μg/ml for DAC using IC and ARS methods, respectively with a correlation coefficient ≥ 0.9991. The calculated molar absorptivity values are 2.354 × 104, 1.933 × 104 for SOF and 1.786 × 104 and 2.015 × 104 L/mol. cm for DAC using IC and ARS methods, respectively u. The limits of detection and quantification are also reported. Intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy of the methods have been evaluated. Conclusion: The methods were successfully applied to the assay of SOF and DAC in tablets and the results were statistically compared with those of the reference method by applying Student’s t-test and F-test. No interference was observed from the common tablet excipients. The accuracy and reliability of the methods were further ascertained by performing recovery studies using the standard addition method.

scholarly journals Ion Association Methods for the Determination of Fexofenadine in Pharmaceutical Preparations

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. Srinivas ◽  
P. Ravi Kumar ◽  
B. S. Sastry
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Ion Association ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Bulk Sample ◽  
Acid Group ◽  
Carboxylic Acid Group ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Safranin O ◽  
Association Complex

Two simple and sensitive Visible spectrophotometric methods (A and B) for the determination of Fexofenadine (FEX) in bulk sample and pharmaceutical formulations are described. Methods A and B are based on the formation of ion-association complex involving carboxylic acid group of FEX and the basic dyes, Safranin-O (SFN-O, method A), methylene blue (MB, method B). The results obtained in the above two methods are reproducible and are statistically validated and found to be suitable for the assay of Fexofenadine in bulk and its pharmaceutical formulations.

Validated Spectrophotometric Determination of Rizatriptan Benzoate in Pharmaceutical Formulations using Alizarin Derivatives

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
El Sheikh R ◽  
Hassan W. S. ◽  
Gouda A. A. ◽  
Al OwairdhiA. ◽  
Al Hassani K K H
Keyword(s):  
Standard Addition ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Rizatriptan Benzoate ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Relative Standard

Two simple, sensitive, accurate, precise and economical spectrophotometric methods have been developed and validated for the determination of rizatriptan benzoate (RZT) in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations. These methods were based on the formation of charge transfer complex between RZT as n-electron donor and alizarin red S (ARS) or quinalizarin (Quinz) as π-acceptor in methanol to form highly colored chromogens which showed an absorption maximum at 532 and 574 nm using ARS and Quinz, respectively. The optimization of the reaction conditions such as the type of solvent, reagent concentration and reaction time were investigated. Under the optimum conditions, Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration ranges 1.0-16 and 2.0-20 g mL-1 using ARS and Quinz, respectively with good correlation coefficient (r2 ≥ 0.9996) and with a relative standard deviation (RSD% ≤ 1.16). The molar absorptivity, Sandell sensitivity, detection and quantification limits were also calculated. The methods were successfully applied to the determination of RZT in its pharmaceutical formulations and the validity assesses by applying the standard addition technique. Results obtained by the proposed methods for the pure RZT and commercial tablets agreed well with those obtained by the reported method.

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric Determination of Antidepressant Drug Duloxetine in Pharmaceutical Preparations using π-Acceptors

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidika Ertürk Toker ◽  
Armagan Önal
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Determination ◽  
Electron Donor ◽  
Pharmaceutical Analysis ◽  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Colored Complex ◽  
Complex Species ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods

In this study, two simple and accurate spectrophotometric methods were presented for the determination of duloxetine hydrochloride (DLX) in pharmaceutical preparations. The methods were based on the reaction of DLX asn-electron donor with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) as π-acceptors to give highly colored complex species. The colored products were quantitated spectro-photometrically at 477 and 841 for DDQ, TCNQ, respectively. All variables were studied in order to optimize the reaction conditions. Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration ranges 10.0-50.0 and 15-60 μg mL−1for DDQ and TCNQ method, respectively. The proposed methods have been successfully applied to the pharmaceutical analysis without any interference from excipients. The suggested procedures could be used for the determination of DLX in pharmaceutical preparations being sensitive, simple and selective.

scholarly journals New Spectrophotometric Determination of Tinofovir in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 537-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Majumder ◽  
B. Gopinath ◽  
Girish Koni ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Spectrophotometric Determination ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Alkaline Condition ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Form ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods

Two new, selective and sensitive visible spectrophotometric methods (method A and B) have been developed for the estimation of tinofovir in bulk and in pharmaceutical preparations. Tinofovir was subjected to acid hydrolysis and this acid hydrolyzed drug was used for the estimation. Method A is based on the reaction with 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone in the presence of ferric chloride, to form a colored species with a λmaxat 628.5 nm. Method B is based on the reaction with Folin-ciocalteu phenol’s reagent under alkaline condition with a λmaxat 768 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration range of 5-40 µg/mL for method A and 2-30 µg/mL for method B, respectively. The methods were extended to pharmaceutical formulations and there was no interference from any common pharmaceutical excepients and diluents. The result of analysis has been validated statistically and by recovery studies.

scholarly journals Sensitive extraction spectrophotometric methods for the determination of trazodone hydrochloride in pure and pharmaceutical formulations

2006 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 829-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Harikrishna ◽  
Sudhir Kumar ◽  
J. Seetharamappa ◽  
D.H. Manjunatha
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Ion Association ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Bromocresol Green ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Control Applications ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Trazodone Hydrochloride

Two simple, rapid and sensitive extraction spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the assay of trazodone hydrochloride (TRH) in pure and pharmaceutical formulations. These methods are based on the formation of chloroform soluble ion-association complexes of TRH with bromocresol green (BCG) and with methyl orange (MO) in a KCl-HCl buffer of pH 1.5 (for BCG) and in a NaOAc-HCl buffer of pH 3.29 (for MO) with absorption maximum at 415 nm and at 422 nm for BCG and MO, respectively. The reaction conditions were optimized to obtain the maximum color intensity. The absorbance was found to increase linearly with increasing concentration of TRH, which was corroborated by the calculated correlation coefficient values (0.9992 and 0.9994). The systems obeyed the Beer law in the range of 0.9-17 and 1-20 ?g/ml for BCG and MO, respectively. Various analytical parameters were evaluated and the results were validated by statistical data. No interference was observed from common excipients present in pharmaceutical formulations. The proposed methods are simple, accurate and suitable for quality control applications.

scholarly journals Utility of N-Bromosuccinimide for the Titrimetric and Spectrophotometric Determination of Famotidine in Pharmaceutical Formulations

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Zenita ◽  
K. Basavaiah
Keyword(s):  
Indigo Carmine ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Titration Method ◽  
Fixed Amount ◽  
Indicator Method ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Back Titration ◽  
Hcl Medium

Two titrimetric and two spectrophotometric methods are described for the assay of famotidine (FMT) in tablets using N-bromosuccinimide (NBS). The first titrimetric method is direct in which FMT is titrated directly with NBS in HCl medium using methyl orange as indicator (method A). The remaining three methods are indirect in which the unreacted NBS is determined after the complete reaction between FMT and NBS by iodometric back titration (method B) or by reacting with a fixed amount of either indigo carmine (method C) or neutral red (method D). The method A and method B are applicable over the range of 2–9 mg and 1–7 mg, respectively. In spectrophotometric methods, Beer's law is obeyed over the concentration ranges of 0.75–6.0 μg mL-1(method C) and 0.3–3.0 μg mL-1(method D). The applicability of the developed methods was demonstrated by the determination of FMT in pure drug as well as in tablets.

scholarly journals USE OF ION ASSOCIATION COMPLEX FORMATION FOR THE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF ITOPRIDE HCL IN BULK AND ITS PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
P. V. Lakshmana Rao ◽  
C. Rambabu
Keyword(s):  
Complex Formation ◽  
Spectrophotometric Determination ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Ion Association ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Itopride Hydrochloride ◽  
Soluble Ion ◽  
Association Complex

Objective: The authors report two simple, accurate and economic spectrophotometric methods A and B for the determination of Itopride hydrochloride in bulk and dosage forms.Methods: The proposed methods are based on the formation of chloroform soluble ion-associates in the presence of acidic dyes namely BPB (Method A) and BCP (Method B) exhibiting lmax at 418 and 418 nm respectively.Results: Beer’s law is found to be obeyed in the concentration range of 2.0-10.0 µg/ml and 2.0-10.0 µg/ml. The molar absorptivities are found to be 1.42x104 and 9.61x103L/mol. cm for methods A and B. These methods are successfully applied for the assay of Itopride hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations.

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