scholarly journals EMPIRICAL USE OF THREE OAK SPECIES IN AFFORESTATION: LESSONS FROM SOWING AND TRANSPLANTING EXPERIMENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 169-182
Author(s):  
Petru CUZA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Spring Sowing ◽  
Oak Seedlings

The effects of different factors on the growth in height and diameter of oak saplings in comparative cultures were estimated: progeny from autumn and spring sowing of acorns (1); growing conditions of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) mother plants (2); the initial planting density of sessile oak (Q. petraea Liebl.) (3); natural lightening level of downy oak (Q. pubescens Willd.) mother plants (4). The pedunculate oak seedlings obtained after spring sowing were characterized by faster growth compared with those obtained from the autumn sowing. The lower growth rate observed in seedlings sown in autumn was due to the prolonged frosty weather during winter, which led to a decrease in acorn viability and progeny vigour. Due to the higher genetic diversity of the progeny obtained from the free-pollinated pedunculate oaks, it is possible that their growth was more intense and stable in comparison to those of saplings obtained from the acorns of isolated trees. The planting under the forest canopy had a clear influence on the growth in height of saplings. At low density levels (1.0 x 1.0 m), the sessile oak saplings benefited from larger availability of soil nutrients and displayed the highest growth, contrasting with those planted at high density (0.5 x 0.5 m). The deep and moderate shading caused a substantial reduction in the growth of downy oak saplings. Therefore, when planting, it is recommended to avoid using fast-growing species, which, due to asymmetric competition, could drastically reduce the growth in height of the downy oak saplings. Prolonged regeneration of the pruned root system following the transplantation process of sessile and downy oak seedlings determined their very slow growth in the first years of life.

Foliar traits of sessile oak (Quercus petraea Liebl) seedlings are largely determined by site properties rather than seed origin

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 1648-1667
Author(s):  
Leila Arab ◽  
Stefan Seegmueller ◽  
Michael Dannenmann ◽  
Monika Eiblmeier ◽  
Ghada Albasher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
First Year ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Humid Forest ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
Seed Origin ◽  
Foliar Traits ◽  
Oak Seedlings

Abstract Due to climate change, sessile oak (Quercus petraea) seedlings experience an increasing risk of drought during regeneration of forest stands by management practices. The present study was aimed at elucidating the potential of sessile oak seedlings originating from sites with different aridity and nitrogen (N) supply to acclimate to contrasting water availability. For this purpose, a free-air cross-exchange experiment was conducted between a dry and a humid forest stand with high and low soil N contents, respectively, during two consecutive years differing in aridity before harvest. Almost all structural and physiological foliar traits analyzed did not differ consistently between seed origins during both years, when cultivated at the same site. As an exception, the arid provenance upregulated foliar ascorbate contents under drought, whereas the humid provenance accumulated the phenolic antioxidants vescalagin and castalagin (VC) under favorable weather conditions and consumed VC upon drought. Apparently, differences in long-term aridity at the forest sites resulted in only few genetically fixed differences in foliar traits between the provenances. However, structural and physiological traits strongly responded to soil N contents and weather conditions before harvest. Foliar N contents and their partitioning were mostly determined by the differences in soil N availability at the sites, but still were modulated by weather conditions before harvest. In the first year, differences in aridity before harvest resulted in differences between most foliar traits. In the second year, when weather conditions at both sites were considerably similar and more arid compared to the first year, differences in foliar traits were almost negligible. This pattern was observed irrespective of seed origin. These results support the view that leaves of sessile oak seedlings generally possess a high plasticity to cope with extreme differences in aridity by immediate acclimation responses that are even better developed in plants of arid origin.

scholarly journals Response of sessile oak seedlings (Quercus petraea) to flooding: an integrated study

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 759-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Folzer ◽  
J. F. Dat ◽  
N. Capelli ◽  
D. Rieffel ◽  
P.-M. Badot
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
Integrated Study ◽  
Oak Seedlings

scholarly journals Growth of the pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) and sessile oak (Q. petraea [Matt.] Liebl.) in 1994 provenance experiment in the Milicz Forest District

2009 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-252
Author(s):  
Władysław Barzdajn
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
Forest District

Wzrost dębu szypułkowego (Quercus roburL.) i dębu bezszypułkowego (Q. petraea[Matt.] Liebl.) w doświadczeniu proweniencyjnym z 1994 r. w Nadleśnictwie Milicz

Effect of Salt Stress on Growth and on the Detoxifying Pathway of Pedunculate Oak Seedlings (Quercus robur L.)

1995 ◽  
Vol 147 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Sehmer ◽  
Badr Alaoui-Sosse ◽  
Pierre Dizengremel
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Oak Seedlings

scholarly journals Die klimatische Trockengrenze häufiger Baumarten hängt vom Bodennährstoffstatus ab

2018 ◽  
Vol 169 (6) ◽  
pp. 323-331
Author(s):  
Karl H. Mellert ◽  
Roberto Canullo ◽  
Tobias Mette ◽  
Daniel Ziche ◽  
Axel Göttlein
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Soil Nutrient Status ◽  
Sessile Oak

The climatic drought limit of common tree species depend on soil nutrient status In forest ecology, there is a huge experience in the ecological amplitude of tree species, which is commonly represented in so-called ecograms. However, the ecogram axes are purely qualitatively described and scaled. In the study presented here, we try to specify the drought limit in the ecogram for the ten most abundant and economically important tree species in Germany (Norway spruce, Scots pine, silver fir, European beech, pedunculate oak, sessile oak, sycamore maple, European elm, hornbeam and common ash) using generalized regression models. We use data on the occurrence of the tree species and on the soil of about 3300 plots of the second German forest soil condition survey (BZW II), combined with data from the ICP Forests Level I program (BioDiv and BioSoil) from 13 neighboring European countries as well as climate data from WorldClim. The focus is on the question to what extent the drought limit of the tree species depends on the soil nutrient status. As a predictor of nutrient status, we chose the base saturation type (BT) already introduced in practice. The warmth factor was included as Growing Degree Days, the water balance as climatic water balance in the forest vegetation period (KWB). The drought limit could be specified for all tree species except elm and pedunculate oak. It was found that not only in known nutrient-sensitive tree species (sycamore, ash, hornbeam), the drought limit depends on the BT, but also in beech and spruce. In the case of sycamore as an example of a nutrient-sensitive species, the dry climate limit on strongly acidic soils (BT 5) is already reached at a KWB of 20 l/m2, on base-rich (BT 1 and 0) only at a KWB of −150 l/m2. In beech, too, the drought limit on acidic soils has been reached more quickly than on base-rich sites (BT 5: −40 l/m2, BT 0: −120 l/m2). In contrast, the reaction of spruce is reversed (BT 5: −50 l/m2, BT 0: 10 l/m2). For pine, sessile oak and fir, the drought limit is independent of the base type and is −230 l/m2 (Scots pine), −150 l/m2 (sessile oak) and 0 l/m2 (silver fir). The drought limit specified by BT is a helpful quantity, especially in view of climate change, as it makes it possible to better estimate the potential of the different tree species.

scholarly journals Tree-Ring Chronologies of Downy Oak (Quercus Pubescens), Pedunculate Oak (Q. Robur) and Sessile Oak (Q. Petraea) in the Bielinek Nature Reserve: Comparison of the Climatic Determinants of Tree-Ring Width

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (-1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Cedro
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Tree Ring Width ◽  
Quercus Pubescens ◽  
Sessile Oak

Tree-Ring Chronologies of Downy Oak (Quercus Pubescens), Pedunculate Oak (Q. Robur) and Sessile Oak (Q. Petraea) in the Bielinek Nature Reserve: Comparison of the Climatic Determinants of Tree-Ring WidthIn 2004-2006, 50 trees of downy oak (Quercus pubescens), pedunculate oak (Q. robur) and sessile oak (Q. petraea) were sampled in the Bielinek Nature Reserve. The following chronologies were established from their tree-ring series: OMS of 212 years (1793-2004) for downy oaks well as D10 of 183 years (1817-1999) and D13 of 211 years (1789-1999) for the two indigenous oak species pedunculate and sessile oak, respectively. These chronologies were used for signature years and response function analyses. All three chronologies were highly similar, which points to identical responses to the ambient meteorological conditions. The radial increment of downy oak depends primarily on the amount of precipitation. A high annual sum of precipitation, copious rain in spring-summer in particular, results in wide tree rings. Precipitation in form of rain and snow in winter, too, enhance tree growth by raising the groundwater level and improving the water supply in the habitat during the subsequent spring. Droughts in spring and summer, coupled with high air temperature, result in narrow rings. The tree-ring width/climate relationships at the two indigenous oak species are very similar to those of downy oak. Responses are, however, more distinct and with a higher statistical significance.

scholarly journals Ecophysiological factors underpinning productivity of Hevea brasiliensis

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.H.L. Rodrigo
Keyword(s):  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Early Selection ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Commercial Cultivation ◽  
Photosynthetic Productivity ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Selection Of

High land productivity is a must for any commercial cultivation including Hevea brasiliensis (rubber). Also, the high demand for natural rubber has placed great pressure on expanding rubber cultivation to new and non-traditional areas. Understanding the ecophysiological principles behind the measures of productivity improvements is vital for wide application of these measures and to assess their sustainability. This review discusses the ecophysiological principles and tools used, along with the measures taken, to address productivity needs in terms of: genotype selection, determination of optimum planting density, and establishment of intercropping systems. Breeding for high yields and selection of suitable genotypes for different growing conditions are a top priority throughout the research history of rubber, however, early selection tools are necessary to reduce the time required for this process. As for any crop, photosynthesis drives the productivity of the rubber crop and, therefore, factors that govern and/or parameters that indicate the efficiency of photosynthetic productivity under field conditions could be used as tools in the selection of Hevea genotypes. Particularly for the early selection of genotypes in breeding programmes, mature crop characteristics which determine crop photosynthesis and productivity, should be linked to juvenile plant characteristics. The spatial and temporal efficiency by which plants acquire growth resources determines the overall productivity of the rubber crop, hence the optimum planting density and suitable crop combinations in intercropping systems. Changes in crop microclimate influence the efficiency of resource capture and thereby can be important for determining planting density and intercrops. Research needs regarding all the above aspects are also discussed.

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