scholarly journals Modelo urbano parametricamente ajustável para avaliações lumínicas e simulações | Parametrically adjustable urban model for daylight assessments and simulations

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Oscar Pizzetti Mariano ◽  
Alice Theresinha Cybis Pereira
Keyword(s):  

Este artigo trata do desenvolvimento e da análise de um processo paramétrico para a criação de um ambiente urbano cabível de ajustes e de modi­ficações. O objetivo é verificar as mudanças de sombreamento em diversas morfologias urbanas e a possibilidade de utilizar o processo mencionado em outras análises e simulações programáveis. O desenvolvimento desse processo é parte de uma pesquisa que busca a construção e a aplicação de elementos de fachada, bem como a verificação de seu comportamento lumínico. Para a análise mais rápida do comportamento da luz natural diurna em uma gama ampla de ambientes urbanos e em díspares localizações, foi proposta a criação de um ambiente urbano parametricamente ajustável, para que não haja a necessidade de modelar e remodelar inúmeras vezes. Nessa concepção, três etapas foram desenvolvidas: a compreensão e o aprofundamento teórico; o desenvolvimento da programação visual; e a observação e a análise dos cenários recriados. Como resultado, geraram-se diferentes entornos, possibilitando avaliar ambientes urbanos e apro­ximá-los de urbanidades reais, além de verificar o comportamento da luz natural em diferentes situações. Com a conclusão, foi possível comprovar a eficácia do modelo e identificar as potencialida­des da utilização de programação na construção de modelos urbanos.

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3071
Author(s):  
Philip Cooke

This paper has three main objectives. It traces the “closed” urban model of city development, critiques it at length, showing how it has led to an unsustainable dead-end, represented in post-Covid-19 “ghost town” status for many central cities, and proposes a new “open” model of city design. This is avowedly an unsegregated and non-segmented utilisation of now often abandoned city-centre space in “open” forms favouring urban prairie, or more formalised urban parklands, interspersed with so-called “agritecture” in redundant high-rise buildings, shopping malls and parking lots. It favours sustainable theme-park models of family entertainment “experiences” all supported by sustainable hospitality, integrated mixed land uses and sustainable transportation. Consideration is given to likely financial resource issues but the dearth of current commercial investment opportunities from the old carbonised urban model, alongside public policy and consumer support for urban greening, are concluded to form a propitious post-coronavirus context for furthering the vision.


2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoxiang Yang ◽  
Laura C. Bowling ◽  
Keith A. Cherkauer ◽  
Bryan C. Pijanowski ◽  
Dev Niyogi

Abstract Impervious surface area (ISA) has different surface characteristics from the natural land cover and has great influence on watershed hydrology. To assess the urbanization effects on streamflow regimes, the authors analyzed the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamflow data of 16 small watersheds in the White River [Indiana (IN)] basin. Correlation between hydrologic metrics (flow distribution, daily variation in streamflow, and frequency of high-flow events) and ISA was investigated by employing the nonparametric Mann–Kendall method. Results derived from the 16 watersheds show that urban intensity has a significant effect on all three hydrologic metrics. The Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model was modified to represent ISA in urbanized basins using a bulk parameterization approach. The model was then applied to the White River basin to investigate the potential ability to simulate the water and energy cycle response to urbanization. Correlation analysis for individual VIC grid cells indicates that the VIC urban model was able to reproduce the slope magnitude and mean value of the USGS streamflow metrics. The urban model also reproduced the urban heat island (UHI) seen in the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land surface temperature products, especially for the grids encompassing the city of Indianapolis, IN. The difference of the hydrologic metrics obtained from the VIC model with and without urban representation indicates that the streamflow regime in the White River has been modified because of urban development. The observed data, together with model analysis, suggested that 3%–5% ISA in a watershed is the detectable threshold, beyond which urbanization effects start to have a statistically significant influence on streamflow regime.


Author(s):  
Jaime Benavides ◽  
Albert Soret ◽  
Marc Guevara ◽  
Carlos Pérez-García Pando ◽  
Michelle Snyder ◽  
...  

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 21-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzuru Isoda ◽  
Akihiro Tsukamoto ◽  
Yoshihiro Kosaka ◽  
Takuya Okumura ◽  
Masakazu Sawai ◽  
...  

This paper explores a method for creating large-scale urban 3D models using Historical GIS data. The method is capable of automatically generating realistic VR models based on GIS data at a low cost. 3D models of houses are created from polygon data, fences from line data, and pedestrians and trees from point data. The method is applied to the Virtual Kyoto Project in which the landscape of the whole city of Kyoto of the early Edo era (ca 17C) is reconstructed.


1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (0) ◽  
pp. 118-124
Author(s):  
Hiroya Yoshikawa ◽  
Akira Murase ◽  
Takeyoshi Ishii ◽  
Noritsune Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Nicola Martinelli ◽  
Giovanna Mangialardi

Might it be meaningful to think that an urban model such as the orthogonal grid layout, which has been a feature of cities for millennia, could still constitute a valid and practicable model today in the planning of contemporary cities? The authors believe that this reflection on the grid model might respond positively to earlier propositions, and these notes aim to supply a synthetic contribution to the book in that direction. In detail, in the first part of the chapter, an attempt is made to overcome a critical judgement as widespread as it is superficial that is traditionally applied to grid plan cities. The reflection is as follows: relationships between the physical form of the urban grid model and its evolutionary processes, its capacity of adhering to places and flexibility, its experimentations for a theory of special equality. In the second part of the chapter, setting out from the performance features of the model, the real conditions of the topicality of the grid plan are observed in contemporary experimentations of city planning.


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