scholarly journals Anatomical and histochemical characterization of leaves of Spondias purpurea L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-277
Author(s):  
Gleyka Daisa de Melo Santos ◽  
Cledson dos Santos Magalhães ◽  
Rafaela Damasceno Sá ◽  
Karina Perrelli Randau
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Convex Shape ◽  
Popular Medicine ◽  
Spondias Purpurea ◽  
Histochemical Characterization

The Anacardiaceae family has species rich in secondary metabolites. They are widely used in popular medicine. Among them, Spondias purpurea L. stands out for containing several secondary metabolites with important biological activities. To aid in the precise identification of the species, this work aims to perform an anatomical and histochemical characterization of leaves of S. purpurea. Microscope slides containing cross-sections of the petiolule and leaflets, in addition to paradermal sections of the leaflets, were prepared and analyzed in an optical and polarized microscope. Histochemical tests were performed on fresh leaflets. Through microscopic analysis, it was possible to identify the anatomical structures that allow the diagnosis of the studied species, such as petiolule with concave-convex shape, non-glandular and glandular trichomes, druses in phloem; leafletsamphistomatic, with non-glandular trichomes on the adaxial face and glandular trichomes on the abaxial face, midrib with concave-convex shape, two collateral vascular bundles, one layer of palisade parenchyma, druses in phloem and mesophyll. Through histochemistry, the presence of phenolic compounds, alkaloids, tannins, triterpenes, steroids, lipophilic compounds, essential oils, lignin, starch and calcium oxalate crystals were evidenced in the leaflets. The results are important for the quality control of plant material.

Characterization of Secondary Metabolites, Biological Activity and Glandular Trichomes ofStachys tymphaeaHausskn. from the Monti Sibillini National Park (Central Apennines, Italy)

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Venditti ◽  
Armandodoriano Bianco ◽  
Marcello Nicoletti ◽  
Luana Quassinti ◽  
Massimo Bramucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
National Park ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Central Apennines

scholarly journals Characterization of volatile secondary metabolites from Trichoderma asperellum

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 954-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitish Rattan Bhardwaj ◽  
J. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Butyl Ester ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Trichoderma Asperellum ◽  
Benzenedicarboxylic Acid ◽  
Methyl Cyclohexane ◽  
Dibutyl Ester

Many Trichoderma isolates are known to secrete several secondary metabolites with different biological activities towards plants and other microbes. The production of such compounds varies according to the strain. In the present study, volatile secondary metabolites from the culture filtrate of Trichoderma asperellum strain were characterized using Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results of GC-MS detected 43 secondary metabolites in the T. asperellum strain including many important volatile secondary metabolites such as 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 2-butoxy-2-oxoethyl butyl ester (peak area-3.59%), 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid dibutyl ester (peak area-2.02 %), 2H-Pyran-2-one (peak area-66.63 %), palmitic acid (peak area-2.86 %), several phenolic isomers, methyl cyclohexane etc., all reportedly having effective pesticidal activity. The results indicated that these secondary metabolites could be useful for biological control applications of T. asperellum strain against diverse plant pathogens.

scholarly journals Chemical constituents of leaves Dialium cochinchinense Pierre

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1131-1136
Author(s):  
Vu Thi Huyen ◽  
Doan Thi Thuy Ai ◽  
Nguyen Thi Hien
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Nmr Spectra ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
First Report ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

The genus Dialium belongs to the Caesalpinioideae family, consisting of approximately 30 species distributed in the tropical regions. Secondary metabolites from the  Dialium genus have been reported to exhibit various biological activities including antioxidant, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activities. This work describes the isolation and characterization of five compounds from the leaves of Dialium cochinchinense Pierre. Their structures were established by spectroscopic analysis, including MS and NMR spectra. Accordingly, the isolated compounds were identified to be lupeone (1), b-sitostenone (2), β-sitosterol (3), daucosterol (4), and dihydrokaempferide (5). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the isolation of compounds 1 and 5 from the genus Dialium.

Research Progress on Ways of Secondary Metabolism in Plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 178-181 ◽  
pp. 1004-1007
Author(s):  
Xiu Bo Liu ◽  
Yan Shu Jia ◽  
Na Li ◽  
He Gong ◽  
Yan He Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Primary Metabolites ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer

The function of secondary metabolites has been a subject of debate since the first isolation and characterization of these often times structurally complex chemical compounds. By definition, secondary metabolites are naturally produced compounds that are not essential for the survival of the producing organism, as opposed to primary metabolites. Bioassays have revealed a wide range of biological activities, such as cytotoxicity, ichthyotoxicity, antimicrobial and antifeedant activity, antifoulant and anti-cancer activities. However, some of these activities are manifested against organisms that do not represent logical targets, since they would never be encountered by the producing organism in their natural habitat.

scholarly journals Anatomical characters of the medicinal leaf and stem of Gymnanthemum amygdalinum (Delile) Sch.Bip. ex Walp. (Asteraceae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia do Rocio Duarte ◽  
Ariane Gonçalves Silva
Keyword(s):  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Convex Shape ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Histochemical Tests

Gymnanthemum amygdalinum (Delile) Sch.Bip. ex Walp. (Asteraceae), better known by its former name Vernonia amygdalina Delile, is a small shrub used in folk medicine as an antipyretic, laxative, antimalarial and anthelmintic. Studies have demonstrated that different vegetal extracts possess antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiparasitic activities. Among the bioactive metabolites, there are sesquiterpene lactones, saponins, polyphenols and flavonoids. This study investigated the leaf and stem microscopic characters of G. amygdalinum, aiming to expand the knowledge on this medicinal species and indicate anatomical structures. Plant material was fixed and sectioned by freehand and using a microtome. The sections were either stained or underwent standard histochemical tests. Scanning electron microscopy was performed to investigate epidermal relief. The leaf is amphistomatic with anomocytic stomata. There are striate cuticle, glandular and non-glandular trichomes and dorsiventral mesophyll. In transverse section, the midrib and the petiole have a plano-convex shape. Both show several collateral vascular bundles and few crystals of calcium oxalate. In the stem, the epidermis persists and the phellogen has a peripheral origin. It presents typical endodermis and sclerenchymatic caps adjoining the phloem. The aspects that contribute to characterizing the species are stomata on both leaf surfaces, midrib and petiole features, the endodermis and sclerenchymatic caps in the stem, as well as the different types of trichome on both aerial organs.

scholarly journals Characterization of an Autoinducer of Penicillin Biosynthesis in Penicillium chrysogenum

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (16) ◽  
pp. 5688-5696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Martín ◽  
Carlos García-Estrada ◽  
Ángel Rumbero ◽  
Eliseo Recio ◽  
Silvia M. Albillos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Penicillium Chrysogenum ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Northern Analysis ◽  
Penicillin Biosynthesis ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Direct Testing

ABSTRACTFilamentous fungi produce an impressive variety of secondary metabolites; many of them have important biological activities. The biosynthesis of these secondary metabolites is frequently induced by plant-derived external elicitors and appears to also be regulated by internal inducers, which may work in a way similar to that of bacterial autoinducers. The biosynthesis of penicillin inPenicillium chrysogenumis an excellent model for studying the molecular mechanisms of control of gene expression due to a good knowledge of the biochemistry and molecular genetics of β-lactam antibiotics and to the availability of its genome sequence and proteome. In this work, we first developed a plate bioassay that allows direct testing of inducers of penicillin biosynthesis using single colonies ofP. chrysogenum. Using this bioassay, we have found an inducer substance in the conditioned culture broths ofP. chrysogenumandAcremonium chrysogenum. No inducing effect was exerted by γ-butyrolactones, jasmonic acid, or the penicillin precursor δ-(l-α-aminoadipyl)-l-cysteinyl-d-valine. The conditioned broth induced penicillin biosynthesis and transcription of thepcbAB,pcbC, andpenDEgenes when added at inoculation time, but its effect was smaller if added at 12 h and it had no effect when added at 24 h, as shown by Northern analysis andlacZreporter studies. The inducer molecule was purified and identified by mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) as 1,3-diaminopropane. Addition of pure 1,3-diaminopropane stimulated the production of penicillin by about 100% compared to results for the control cultures. Genes for the biosynthesis of 1,3-diaminopropane have been identified in theP. chrysogenumgenome.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Profile of Pasture Weeds from the Brazilian Cerrado

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. RODRIGUES ◽  
G.A.M. PEREIRA ◽  
A.A. SILVA ◽  
M.H. SANTOS ◽  
A.J. DEMUNER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Number Of Classes

ABSTRACT: The great diversity of plant species in pastures of the Brazilian Cerrado with distinct ecophysiological characteristics indicates the possibility of finding, in the cellular content of this flora, chemical compounds with potential for use in agriculture and human and animal health. Three steps are necessary to prove this hypothesis: phytochemical prospecting, characterization of secondary metabolites, and studies on the biological activities of these metabolites present in these plants. The chemical profile of secondary metabolites present in five species of the Brazilian Cerrado (Davilla elliptica, Remijia ferruginea, Luehea paniculata, Anacardium occidentale, and Acosmium dasycarpum) was traced in this research. These plant species were collected in pasture areas of Felício dos Santos, Minas Gerais. The samples were dried and submitted to two types of extract (ethanolic and hexanic). By using specific chemical reactions, the presence of coumarins, triterpenes/steroids, and anthracenosides was observed in the hexanic extracts, while the presence of alkaloids, triterpenes/steroids, flavonoids, tannins, reducing compounds, and anthocyanins was observed in the ethanolic extracts. The species presented diverse classes of compounds. However, triterpenes/steroids, tannins, reducing compounds and anthocyanins were found in all species, being the use of the solvent ethanol the most efficient in extracting the compounds. The species D. elliptica presented the highest number of classes of compounds. The widespread application in folk medicine justifies further studies on the biological activity of different metabolites in agriculture and health areas.

Characterization of Satureja khuzestanica Leaf as a Herbal Medicine

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1425-1435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Malmir ◽  
Rita Serrano ◽  
Ahmad Reza Gohari ◽  
Olga Silva
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Quantitative Microscopy ◽  
Satureja Khuzestanica ◽  
Variable Morphology ◽  
Southwestern Iran ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

AbstractDried leaves of Satureja khuzestanica Jamzad are a popular herbal medicine and dental anesthetic among the nomadic inhabitants of southwestern Iran. The present study establishes criteria for identification of S. khuzestanica dried whole, fragmented and powdered leaves for specification as a herbal substance using macroscopic and microscopic characterization. Quantitative microscopy techniques were also considered. Macroscopically leaves exhibit a grayish-green color, are broadly ovate in shape with an acute apex, attenuate base, and ciliate margin and have a surface covered by an indumentum of glandular and non-glandular trichomes. Microscopically leaves have an isobilateral amphistomatic structure containing peltate glandular trichomes consisting of a multiseriate stalk (five cells) and an enlarged secretory head composed of 12 cells, capitate glandular trichomes of variable morphology together with two types of non-glandular trichomes. Oval-shaped hygromorphic diacytic stomata with an adaxial stomatal index of 13.54, collateral vascular bundles consisting of xylem, and three layers of sclerenchymatous tissue close to phloem together with cluster, prismatic and raphide calcium oxalate crystals were also identified as useful pharmacognostic parameters for identification of S. khuzestanica dried leaves.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document