scholarly journals Internet News Headlines: Ontological and Orthological Aspects

2021 ◽  
pp. 122-138
Author(s):  
E. N. Shirokova
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Multidimensional Analysis ◽  
Internet News ◽  
Grammatical Errors ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Pragmatic Aspects ◽  
News Headlines ◽  
Semantic Interaction

The author presents the results of a multidimensional analysis of Internet news headlines based on the headings of the Yandex news aggregator. The issue of the text status of news headlines is considered. When solving this problem, special attention is paid to the formation of correlative paradigms of headings, united by a common denotative meaning. Methods of semantic interaction of heading paradigms based on different types of topic-rhematic deployment are described. It is proved that the paradigms of headings, complementing each other in informational and pragmatic aspects, form the discourse of Internet headings. It is concluded that this way of functioning of headlines enhances their semantic and visual autonomy from the news text, which allows us to consider Internet news headlines as minitext. The frequency methods of lexico-syntactic transformations of the original headings are analyzed, on the basis of which the constituents of paradigms are formed. At the same time, attention is focused on the orthological aspect of Internet headers. The author comes to the conclusion that the focus on the variability and efficiency of headings leads not only to the appearance of lexical and grammatical errors, but also to their replication and consolidation in the mind of the addressee as a result of changes in the structure of cognitive models.

PRAGMATIC POTENTIAL OF AUTHOR’S AND TRANSFORMED PHRASEOLOGIES IN THE WORK OF CARLOS RUIZ ZAFÓN «THE PRISONER OF HEAVEN»

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Bovsunivska A. Yu.
Keyword(s):  
Emotional State ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
Textual Space ◽  
Different Types ◽  
General Linguistic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Pragmatic Aspects ◽  
Individual Style

The article is devoted to the study of pragmatic aspects of the use of phraseology in the textual space of Carlos Ruiz Safón’s novel «Prisoner of Heaven». One of the defining features of the individual style of this well-known modern Spanish writer is the metaphoricity and figuration of aristic expression, the saturation of the text with phraseological units that play a significant role in creating a pragmatic charge of the work of art. Along with general linguistic phraseological units, which include commonly-used vocabulary, the author uses dialectal and authorial phraseological units, which is a feature of his individual style. All three designated groups of phraseological units mostly reflect the negative psychophysical and emotional state of the characters. The author uses dialectal, individually-authorial and modified phraseological units, which is a feature of his individual style. It is determined that transformation is one of the most productive and most effective ways to update linguistic means in works of art. Author’s modification of FU leads to a change in the semantics and structure of expression, gives it a more expressive or emotional coloring. Transformed phraseology is limited to individual usage and is subject to the context of the work. Modified FUs in the Zafón’s artistic space acquire certain aesthetic and artistic qualities. Their modification is mainly to create the desired stylistic effect – to achieve emotional or expressive expression, which increases the reader’s interest, focuses on the content, issues of the work, as well as reveals the potential expressive potential of the Spanish language. In the transformed FUs, not just a new meaning is traced, but a combination of the well-known and the occasional. The unique combination of different types of phraseological units in the novel is considered a manifestation of individual style and makes a representation of the individually-authorial linguistic picture of the world more expressive.

scholarly journals Interaction of comparative struc­tu­res and their elements in modern russian prose

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Nikolina ◽  
Zoya Yu. Petrova ◽  
Natalya A. Fateeva
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Multiple Images ◽  
Semantic Classes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Comparative Constructions ◽  
Semantic Interaction ◽  
Modern Russian

The article explores the interaction of comparative constructions in modern prose. The main objective of the study is to determine the types of interaction between metaphors and similes in the texts of modern Russian prose. The material of the study is the works of Buida, Vodolazkin, Ivanov, Ilichevsky, Matveeva, Pelevin, Rubina, Slavnikova, Sokolov, Sorokin, and Stepnova. The authors employed the methods of description, comparison and the struc­tural-semantic analysis and also took into account the semantic field organisation of lexical units. The article distinguishes between formal and semantic interaction of metaphors and similes. The most obvious manifestation of the formal interaction is the reversibility of tropes. Semantic interaction is based on the semantic coordination of elements of comparative con­structions based on predicate-actant relations or involves a combination of metaphors and similes in the text based on various relations between elements of the same semantic field. Along with the indicated types of interaction, the article describes cases of multiple images of one depicted object and representation of different objects in a unified figurative way. These cases are characterized as a special type of interaction of comparative tropes. The article high­lights the main source domains of interacting tropes. The most frequent semantic classes of metaphors and similes used in interaction contexts are anthropomorphic, zoomorphic and culinary images. In addition to them, mechanistic (including computer), scientific and theat­rical metaphors and similes have been identified. The article shows that the interaction of tropes can be intertextual in a literary text. It is concluded that modern Russian prose is characterized by the interaction of metaphors and similes of different types. This interaction is often associated with the presence of contrast, contextual synonymy, the ‘genus — species’ relation between images of comparative constructions in a text.

scholarly journals Symmetrization, Mirroring and External Reality: An ‘Inner’ Perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Rosapia Lauro Grotto
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
External Reality ◽  
Psychoanalytic Literature ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Neuro Imaging ◽  
The Mind

In the last two decades, mirroring systems have been detected in the monkey and in the human brain. The mirroring mechanisms have been considered as the neural basis for social cognition and interpersonal reactivity, and they have been assumed to support imitation, sharing of emotional states and empathy. Here I would like to compare ‘mirroring phenomena’ to ‘symmetrization phenomena’. In psychoanalytic literature, the construct of symmetrization has been proposed in the context of the Bi-Logic theory by Matte Blanco in 1975, on the basis of clinical evidence obtained in the psychoanalytical setting and following a theoretical analysis derived from the Freudian distinction between Primary and Secondary Processes. I will consider two different types of behaviours, empathic social interactions and the creation of transitional objects and spaces as defined by Winnicott in order to argue that symmetrization, in Matte Blanco’s terms, cannot be reduced to mirroring. I will then sketch a hypothesis on the interplay between the symmetric aspects of the mind and external reality in the development of higher relational functions of humans, also taking playing, arts and creativity into account. Finally I will describe the paradigmatic shift in neuro-imaging studies that was introduced with the discovery of the ‘Default Mode Network’ and its potential relevance in the research on the symmetric and asymmetric aspects of the human mind.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. xiv-8
Author(s):  
Jeanette Gundel ◽  
Barbara Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Computational Linguistics ◽  
Philosophical Literature ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Intended Interpretation ◽  
The Mind

This chapter introduces the concept of reference, the process by which linguistic expressions apply to/pick out entities (in the world/the mind), roughly speaking their meaning or intended interpretation. It provides an overview of approaches to reference in the linguistic and philosophical literature. It then outlines the structure and content of the two parts of the volume: I. Foundations and II. Applications and Implications. Part I covers foundational topics such as different types of referring expression and their interpretation, and Part II covers the acquisition and processing of reference from the perspectives of psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics, and computational linguistics, including robotics.

Why do We Say in April, on Thursday, at 10 O'Clock? In Search of an Explanation

1993 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Wierzbicka
Keyword(s):  
Truth Conditions ◽  
Cultural Expectations ◽  
Wrong Direction ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Way

Why do we say ON Thursday but AT 10 o'clock? Or why do we say AT night but IN the morning? One common answer to such questions is to dismiss the problem: this is the way we speak because this is the way to speak; it is all arbitrary, conventional, idiosyncratic. It is argued that such answers are unilluminating and unsatisfactory. Prepositions such as ON, AT, or IN have their meanings, and the choice between them is motivated by these meanings. There are also certain conventions of use based on cultural expectations; the meanings and the cultural expectations interact and their interaction produces results whose "logic" may be difficult to detect — especially if one looks in the wrong direction, that is, that of "truth conditions" regarding external situations. In fact, however, the problem is not insoluble, and if it is approached with the understanding that meaning is all in the mind and that it is a matter of conceptualizations rather than "truth conditions", the hidden "logic " behind the choice of prepositions for temporal adverbials can be explained. The paper argues, and tries to demonstrate, that the prepositions AT, IN, and ON mean different things, and that the patterns of their use in different types of temporal phrases are determined by their meanings.

scholarly journals C. P. E. BACH ‘IN TORMENTIS’: GOUT PAIN AND BODY LANGUAGE IN THE FANTASIA IN A MAJOR, h278 (1782)

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATTHEW HEAD
Keyword(s):  
Public Life ◽  
Body Language ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mental Pain ◽  
Keyboard Music ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Mind

ABSTRACTIn his Magazin der Musik, Carl Friedrich Cramer reported that C. P. E. Bach's Fantasia in A major, h278 (1782), was composed during the agonies of gout. Tapping into a reported epidemic of this patrician malady among men of letters, Cramer's anecdote invoked rich associations of sequestered suffering, withdrawal from public life, the pleasures of the table, genius, sexual (im)potency and humour. Reflecting contemporary nerve-based theories of sensation, Cramer aligned different types of physical and mental pain with specific musical gestures. In so doing, he did more than indulge his hermeneutic imagination: he suggested a connection between Bach's solo keyboard music and the experience of embodiment. The seemingly abstract gestures of improvisation were linked dialectically to the corporeal. Behind the specifics of Cramer's reading is a conviction that this kind of music ‘knows’ about the body, as well as the mind, and that it moves between gestures suggestive of thinking, speaking, feeling and corporeal sensation. Analysis of the fantasia, and Bach's letters, supports Cramer's reading.

scholarly journals التناص القرآني في رواية اللص والكلاب لنجيب محفوظ (Quranic Intertextuality in the Al-Liṣṣ and Al-Kilāb Novel written by Najīb Mahfūẓ)

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
نعيم عموري (Naiem Amouri) ◽  
خليل پرويني (Khalil Sarwayne) ◽  
كبرا روشنفكر (Capra Rochnevkr) ◽  
علي گنجيان خناري (Ali Kangjian Khanari)
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Classical Arabic ◽  
Religious Personality

ملخص البحث:النقد الأدبي علم حيّ ومتطور بتطور المجتمع والأفکار، وهو ذو صلة بالعلوم الإنسانية الأخری ولهذا له إفرازات عدّة، منها نظرية التناص التي لها مفاهيم قريبة في  النقد الأدبي العربي القديم؛ من إقتباس وسرقة أدبية وتضمين، إلاّ انّ التناص ممهد له ومقصود ولا يأتي عفو الخاطر. للتناص أنواع عدّة ومن أبرزها التناص القرآني الذي استخدمه  نجيب محفوظ في رواياته وقد کشفنا عنه في رواية (اللص والکلاب) محاولين إظهار أثر القرآن الكريم في هذه الرواية عبر التناص  الخارجي والداخلي، فيما يجول بخاطر الکاتب في روايته هذه، ونحاول کشف ماوراء هذا التناص القرآني من تلميحات وإشارات ورموز حتی نصل إلی المفاهيم الماورائية للتانص القرآني في هذه الرواية، ومن نتائج الدراسة أن نجيب محفوظ كان يهتم كثيرا بالدين والشخصية الدينية، وكثرة الرمز والتصوف في روايته وبروز القرآن الكريم في روايته.الكلمات المفتاحية: التناص القرآني- التناص الخارجي والداخلي- اللص والکلاب- نجيب محفوظ- التأثر.Abstract:Literary Criticism is living branch of knowledge that is developing with the progress of thought and society. It is related to other branches of human sciences and this is why it has various other off shoots of which is the theory of intertextuality with the concepts that are close to classical Arabic literary criticism such as adaptation, plagiarism and modulation. Intertextuality is something which is paved for and deliberate, thus it does not come about by the spontaneity of the impluses. There are different types of intertextuality of which the Quranic intertextuality is among the most stand out among these types. It has been used by Najīb Mahfūẓ in his novels. We have managed to uncover this aspect in his Al-Liṣṣ and Al-Kilāb novel by pointing out the influence of Quranic intertextuality in this particular novel through the internal and external intertextuality including what comes to the mind of the writer. We would also try to uncover the implied meanings, signs and symbols until we are able to arrive at the metaphysical concepts of Quranic intertextuality in this novel. The study concluded that Najīb Mahfūẓ was a writer who is concerned with religion and the religious personality in addition to his concerned in using symbols, Sufism and the Quran itself in his novel.Keywords: Quranic Intertextuality– External/Internal Intertextuality– Al-Liṣṣ and Al-Kilāb– Najīb Mahfūẓ– Influence. Abstrak: Kritikan sastera ialah cabang ilmu pengetahuan yang hidup dan membangun selari dengan kemajuan berfikir dan pembangunan masyarakat. Ia berkaitan dengan sains-sains kemanusiaan lain dan ini adalah mengapa ia mempunyai pengaruh dalam pelbagai bidang lain yang antaranya ialah teori intertekstualiti yang turut mempunyai konsep-konsep yang hampir dengan kupasan kritikan sastera Arab klasik seperti penyesuaian, plagiarisme dan modulasi. Intertekstualiti adalah sesuatu yang lahir dengan sengaja kerana ia tidak berlaku rentetan kespontanan tindak balas. Terdapat jenis-jenis intertekstualiti yang berbeza di mana ciri intertekstualiti dalam Al-Quran ialah antara yang paling menonjol di antara jenis-jenis ini. Ia telah turut digunakan oleh Najīb Mahfūẓ dalam novel-novelnya. Kami telah berjaya menemukan aspek ini dalam novelnya: Al-Liṣṣ and Al-Kilāb dengan menjelaskan pengaruh intertekstualiti Quran dalam novel tersebut melalui intertekstualiti yang berbentuk dalaman dan luaran termasuk juga apa terlintas bagi fikiran penulisnya. Kami juga telah berusaha untuk mendedahkan makna-makna yang tersirat, tanda-tanda dan juga simbol-simbol tertentu sehinggalah kami mampu sampai kepada konsep-konsep metafizikal intertekstualiti di dalam novel tersebut. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahawa Najīb Mahfūẓ merupakan seorang penulis yang mempunyai kesan keagamaan yang mendalalam dalam hasil kerjanya. Dia juga mempunyai personality yang cenderung kepada keagamaan sebagaimana yang terlihat dalam penggunaan simbol-simbol, aspek Sufisme dan Al-Quran itu sendiri sendiri di dalam novelnya.Kata kunci: Intertekstualiti Al-Quran– Luaran/Dalaman– Al-Liṣṣ and Al-Kilāb– Pengaruh.

scholarly journals Aprendizagem e normalidade: reflexões sobre o "não" aprender como parâmetro de exclusão

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (219) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Luisa Bissoto
Keyword(s):  
Special Needs ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Mental Deficiency ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Educational Practices ◽  
The Mind

Tem como objetivo discutir a (não) aprendizagem de conceitos acadêmicos e de condutas e hábitos socialmente validados como parâmetro de (a)normalidade e, assim, de exclusão social. A argumentação base é a de que as definições de (a)normalidade, principalmente as que categorizam a deficiência mental, se atêm, primeiramente, a determinadas concepções do que é a mente, do que significa aprender e de quem é o sujeito cognoscente, antes que a atributos portados pelo "anormal" em si. Metodologicamente, a questão da constituição da (a)normalidade da aprendizagem é analisada sob três modelos de cognição: o cognitivismo, o conexionismo e o dinamicismo. Pelos resultados se levanta a reflexão de que, concebendo-se a cognição por referenciais teóricos ligados ao dinamicismo, as delimitações de anormalidade mental, ora existentes, se fragilizam. Como conclusão, longe de negar a existência da deficiência, se assevera que é possível conceber o deficiente como um ser não afastado da ordem, abrindo caminhos para pensar práticas socioeducacionais que lhe permitam constituir-se, de fato, como sujeito. Palavras-chave: aprendizagem; cognição; deficiência; sujeito cognoscente. Abstract The aim of this article is to debate the (non) learning of academic concepts, behaviors and habits socially validated as parameter of (ab)normality, and thus, of social exclusion. The basic claim is that the current definitions of (ab)normality, mainly the ones that categorize the mental deficiency, if abides firstly to definitive conceptions about "what is the mind", "what does it mean to learn" and "who is the cognoscenti being"; before that the attributes carried for the "abnormal person" himself. Methodologically speaking the question of the learning ab(normality) constitution is analyzed in three cognitive models: the cognitivism, the conexionism and the dynamicism. From the results, one reflects the following: when conceiving cognition on dynamicism, the existing theoretical bias of mental abnormality is powerless. Far from the denying the existence of the deficiency as conclusion, one claims that it is possible to conceive the person with special needs not as a being drawn away from the order, opening ways to think socio-educational practices that allows him to be, in fact, a being. Keywords: learning; cognition; deficiency; cognoscente being.

Please mind the brain, and brain the mind!

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1035-1036
Author(s):  
Friedemann Pulvermüller
Keyword(s):  
Associative Learning ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Learning Principles ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Language Cortex

True, there may be two language-processing systems, lexicon and syntax. However, could we not say more than that they are computationally and linguistically distinct? Where are they in the brain, why are they where they are, and how can their distinctness and functional properties be explained by biological principles? A brain model of language is necessary to answer these questions. One view is that two different types of corticocortical connections are most important for storing rules and their exceptions: short-range connections within the perisylvian language cortex and long-range connections between this region and other areas. Probabilities of neuroanatomical connections plus associative learning principles explain why different connection bundles specialize in rule storage versus exception learning. Linguistic issues related to language change and plural formation in German are addressed in closing.

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