scholarly journals The Boiling Circle, the Rotating Circle (Two kinds of symbols of the Circle in Islamic Tradition)

wisdom ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-175
Author(s):  
Ali BABAEI

 In theological sources, many symbols are used to explain the transcendent truths of existence. Among the shapes, the circle has the most use of a symbol which is important for Religious, philosophers, and mystics. However, what is refer mostly to the shape of a circle is the rotation of a circular line that begins at a point on a surface and ends at the same point; then, the most superficial and intermediate symbols of facts are explained with it. Contrary, the present article proposes a novel way of drawing a circle, and with this approach, examines some philosophical concepts. We call this drawing "Boiling Circle", because, the rays are coming out boiling from the center. We also have analyzed and introduced a unique example of a mystical-philosophical-religious Architectural building, during which a circular spring has been built. Its water comes out boiling of the center and fills the five circles within itself and twelve eyes around it. This article begins with the drawing of a boiling circle, continues with explaining the philosophical symbols of the boiling circle and boiling spring according to Islamic mysticism, and ends with comparing and expressing the differences between the symbols of the two circles.

Arabica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 339-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Nguyen ◽  
Francesco Chiabotti

Abstract The present article compiles and presents the textual legacy of the Sufi scholar Abū l-Qāsim ʿAbd al-Karīm b. Hawāzin al-Qušayrī (d. 465/1072), whose writings are especially significant for the fields of Islamic mysticism and theology. Every title that has been ascribed to Qušayrī is provided with an entry in which all known information is given; the contents are surveyed when possible, previous scholarly research concerning the text is noted, and the record of its publication or survival in manuscript is listed. The titles are organized alphabetically according to their respective English transliterations from the Arabic.


2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-475
Author(s):  
WILLIAM C. CHITTICK

This much-needed historical survey of the Sufi tradition brings together a great deal of specialized literature, especially the European scholarship that is often ignored in North America. The first eight chapters of the book discuss the beginnings of the tradition, early figures, gradual institutionalization, poetical and metaphysical expressions, and the foundations of the great tariqahs. Chapter 9 provides an overview of the later history of the tariqahs on a regional basis, in most cases coming into the 20th century. Chapter 10 discusses major concepts and practices. Given Knysh's keen awareness that the Sufi tradition cannot be isolated from the Islamic tradition as a whole, surprisingly little attention is paid to the roots of Sufism in the Qur[ham]an and the hadith. Then again, the survey is necessarily selective and aims only to highlight major figures and movements. Any serious attempt to be comprehensive would have given us a multi-volume study. Every specialist will be disappointed at the failure to discuss or at least mention certain figures, movements, themes, or topics.


2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine J. Igartua ◽  
Richard Montoro

Depuis la dépathologisation de l’homosexualité par les sociétés savantes en santé mentale, la formation des psychothérapeutes sur les minorités sexuelles comporte des lacunes. On préconise souvent de traiter les patients issus de ces minorités comme tous les autres. Or, le développement identitaire de ces personnes comporte des particularités qu’il est nécessaire de connaître pour adapter les évaluations et les interventions psychothérapeutiques comme il se doit. Le présent article propose un cadre théorique, des outils d’évaluation et des pistes thérapeutiques pour accompagner une personne issue d’une minorité sexuelle qui consulte un professionnel en santé mentale.Les concepts de non-binarité de genre, de construction sociale des rôles de genre, les dimensions distinctes de l’orientation sexuelle (attirance émotive, attirance physique, comportement et identité sexuelle), l’indépendance des attirances envers un sexe et envers l’autre, l’impact et les manifestations de l’homophobie ainsi que le processus identitaire sont décrits dans le présent article. Une attitude d’ouverture quant à la diaspora sexuelle est prônée afin d’accueillir le patient et de lui permettre une exploration ouverte dans un cadre thérapeutique sécurisant et sans danger.Les différentes facettes à explorer lors de l’évaluation de la sexualité sont énumérées. Des pistes de traitement psychoéducatif, cognitif et psychodynamique sont proposées, entre autres : déconstruire les mythes pour réduire l’homophobie ou la transphobie, panser les blessures narcissiques et relationnelles dues à l’homophobie, analyser le pour et le contre d’un mode de vie authentique, avec ou sans « sortie du placard » ou coming out.L’apport des interventions familiales et des thérapies de groupe est aussi exposé.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Ghassan el Masri (غسان المصري)

Abstract This paper advances the claim that an investigation into the significance of Qurʾānic terms must consider the semantic etymology of the elements under investigation, especially terms that have developed into technical concepts in Islamic theology and philosophy like the ethical variety investigated in this volume. The present article will give some of the salient reason for this imperative and demonstrate the value of semantic etymology in understanding the anthropological dimensions of theological concepts. Semantic etymology, the practice of uncovering the ‘original’ imposition of a word-thing relation (aṣl al-waḍʿ) by deducing the meaning of a word from the meaning of other words sharing the same lexeme was more than a descriptive linguistic science in the Arab-Islamic tradition. In late antiquity the Greek and Latin science of etymologia, like the Arabic ishtiqāq al-maʿná (later ʿilm al-waḍʿ), was a fully-fledged instrument of conceptual analysis for the reader and a powerful tool of discursive authority for both author and reader. Semantic etymology offers an account, not only of the original word-thing relation, but also the essential nature of the object. In our current moment in the history of philosophy where ‘essences’ and ‘essential qualities’ have lost almost all currency, the article opens the door for a reconsideration of the worth of ‘etymologies’ as sound and useful anthropological and philosophical objects of analysis.


2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-227
Author(s):  
Gabriel Said Reynolds

AbstractAccording to Islamic tradition the companions of Jesus in the Quran, theḥawāriyyūn, were faithful disciples. Critical scholars largely agree that the Quran means to present theḥawāriyyūnas such, and generally translateḥawāriyyūnas “apostles” or “disciples”. Some add thatḥawāriyyūnis related toḥawāryā, the Geʿez term used for the apostles in the Ethiopic Bible. In the present article I argue that while the Quran indeed means to signal the apostles of Christian tradition with the termḥawāriyyūn, it does not consider theḥawāriyyūnto have been faithful. The Quran praises theḥawāriyyūnfor their belief in Jesus (a belief that distinguishes them from other Israelites, i.e. the Jews) but reprimands them for abandoning his message. Hence emerges the exceptional position of Christians in the Quran: they are not condemned but rather exhorted to return to their prophet's teaching.


2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Delano De Jesus Silva Santos

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as principais características místicas de Maomé que fizeram dele a fonte mais importante da espiritualidade islâmica. Para o sufismo, a dimensão mística do islã, Maomé constitui-se na origem de toda a espiritualidade e seu exemplo tornou-se o paradigma da busca sufi para a união com Deus. Inicialmente, o artigo aborda alguns eventos que retratam as experiências espirituais do profeta do islã que colaboraram para a veneração de sua personalidade. Na segunda parte do texto, destacam-se os nomes, títulos e princípios espirituais de Maomé que apontam para sua posição única na tradição mística do islã. THE SPIRITUALITY OF MUHAMMAD IN SUFISM The present article aims to present the main mystical characteristics of Muhammad that made him the most important source of Islamic spirituality. To Sufism, the mystical dimension of Islam, Muhammad constitutes the origin of all spirituality and his example turned out to be the paradigm of the Sufi quest towards the union with God. Initially, the article approaches some events that portray the spiritual experiences of the prophet of Islam that contributed to the veneration of his personality. In the second part of the text, the names, titles and spiritual principles of Muhammad that point to his unique position in Islamic mysticism are highlighted.


2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Duriez ◽  
Claudia Appel ◽  
Dirk Hutsebaut

Abstract: Recently, Duriez, Fontaine and Hutsebaut (2000) and Fontaine, Duriez, Luyten and Hutsebaut (2003) constructed the Post-Critical Belief Scale in order to measure the two religiosity dimensions along which Wulff (1991 , 1997 ) summarized the various possible approaches to religion: Exclusion vs. Inclusion of Transcendence and Literal vs. Symbolic. In the present article, the German version of this scale is presented. Results obtained in a heterogeneous German sample (N = 216) suggest that the internal structure of the German version fits the internal structure of the original Dutch version. Moreover, the observed relation between the Literal vs. Symbolic dimension and racism, which was in line with previous studies ( Duriez, in press ), supports the external validity of the German version.


Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Kirchner ◽  
Benedikt Till ◽  
Martin Plöderl ◽  
Thomas Niederkrotenthaler

Abstract. Background: The It Gets Better project aims to help prevent suicide among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, and queer (LGBTIQ+) adolescents. It features personal video narratives portraying how life gets better when struggling with adversities. Research on the contents of messages is scarce. Aims: We aimed to explore the content of videos in the Austrian It Gets Better project regarding the representation of various LGBTIQ+ groups and selected content characteristics. Method: A content analysis of all German-language videos was conducted ( N = 192). Messages related to coming out, stressors experienced, suicidal ideation/behavior, and on how things get better were coded. Results: Representation was strong for gay men ( n = 45; 41.7%). Coming out to others was mainly positively framed ( n = 31; 46.3%) and seen as a tool to make things better ( n = 27; 37.5%). Social support ( n = 42; 62.7%) and self-acceptance ( n = 37; 55.2%) were prevalent topics. Common stressors included a conservative setting ( n = 18, 26.9%), and fear of outing ( n = 17; 25.4%). Suicidality ( n = 9; 4.7%) and options to get professional help ( n = 7; 8.2%) were rarely addressed. Limitations: Only aspects explicitly brought up in the videos were codeable. Conclusion: Videos do not fully represent gender identities and sexual orientations. Messaging on suicidality and professional help require strengthening to tailor them better for suicide prevention.


Author(s):  
Odile Husain

Le présent article tente d’effectuer un rapprochement entre un article européen de Rossel et Merceron et un livre américain de Reid Meloy, tous deux consacrés à l’analyse des organisations psychopathiques. Si tous les auteurs s’entendent sur l’économie narcissique du psychopathe, le choix de la population d’étude diffère quelque peu, en raison de l’approche structurale des premiers et de l’approche symptomatique du second. Tandis que l’étude suisse ne retient que des psychopathes du registre des états-limites, l’étude américaine inclut également des psychopathes de niveau psychotique. Par contre, la mésentente règne au niveau des outils d’analyse du discours psychopathique: analyse statistique et échelles validées chez Meloy; approche qualitative chez Rossel et Merceron. Aux premiers, l’on reprochera un certain réductionisme et appauvrissement du discours, prix à payer pour le respect de la standardisation et de la cotation. Aux seconds, l’on reprochera l’absence de toute quantification qui pose problème lorsque l’on aborde la question de la validité des données. Néanmoins, Européens et Américains s’entendent sur la notion d’un fonctionnement psychopathique. La relation d’objet est marquée par la pulsion agressive et ses dérivatifs, par la recherche de pouvoir et de contrôle. La lutte contre la dépendance est déduite chez Meloy de l’absence de réponse de texture et chez Rossel et Merceron de l’absence de contenus de dépendance. La qualité narcissique des représentations d’objet est mise en évidence, chez Meloy, par le biais de l’investissement du paraître, chez Rossel et Merceron par l’importance du processus d’externalisation. La dévalorisation des objets est aussi décrite. Ni les uns ni les autres ne font réellement référence à l’angoisse car cette angoisse qualifiable d’anaclitique s’exprime justement sous des manifestations tout à fait opposées. Le vide intérieur est déduit, chez Meloy, à partir de l’ennui que vit le psychopathe et, chez Rossel et Merceron, à partir de la survalorisation de la référence au réel. Une grande convergence existe entre les deux écrits au sujet des mécanismes de défense. Tous les auteurs s’accordent sur la prépondérance du clivage et du déni, un déni par le mot et l’acte chez Meloy, un déni hypomaniaque chez Rossel et Merceron. De part et d’autre de l’Atlantique, on s’accorde également pour attribuer une place importante à l’identification projective et à l’identification à l’agresseur. Par ailleurs, Rossel et Merceron démontrent comment à travers les caractéristiques de l’énonciation et les nuances de la verbalisation du psychopathe, il est possible d’inférer son non-investissement de la mentalisation et du savoir au profit d’un surinvestissement de l’agir. La complémentarité, voire la similarité, des commentaires dans les deux ouvrages devrait réconforter certains cliniciens, désarmés devant le fossé qui semble parfois régner entre la littérature des deux continents et confirmer, qu’indépendamment du type de méthodologie et de validation choisi, l’observation clinique du psychologue expérimenté demeure la pierre angulaire de toute recherche en psychopathologie.


2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
Bertram J. Cohler ◽  
Mathew R. Bahnson
Keyword(s):  

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