scholarly journals Factors affecting boxwood blight spread under landscape conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
J. A. LaMondia ◽  
E. Allan-Perkins ◽  
S. Kodati
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fungicide Application ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Cultivar Susceptibility

Abstract We investigated the spread of boxwood blight in a simulated landscape under conducive natural conditions from 2017 to 2019. We used strict sanitation to greatly reduce or eliminate spread by contact. Movement of the pathogen from an infected source plant was limited to one plant, likely spread by means of water splash. Plants were mulched with composted hardwood chips and mulching likely was primarily responsible for limiting spread to only the adjacent plant. Boxwood (Buxus spp.) cultivar susceptibility and fungicide spray programs influenced the incidence of spread and severity of disease; in 2018 and 2019 the more susceptible cultivar had higher disease incidence and severity, respectively, than less susceptible cultivars. Fungicide application only caused a small reduction in disease incidence in 2018. We also demonstrated that spores in clumps could survive extended dry conditions, indicating the importance of sanitation procedures on reducing spread. This experiment demonstrates that boxwood blight can be controlled in a landscape by following best management practices including cultural, sanitation, host susceptibility and fungicide application tactics. Index words: epidemiology, fungicide management, Buxus, chemical disease management, mulch, resistance. Chemicals used in this study: chlorothalonil (Daconil WeatherStik 54.0% F), fludioxonil plus cyprodinil (Palladium 25% and 37.5% WDG), mancozeb (Manzate 80% WP), metconazole (Tourney 50% WDG), propiconazole (ProCon-Z 14.3 L), pyraclostrobin (Insignia 20 WG), pyraclostrobin plus fluxapyroxad (Orkestra Intrinsic 21.26 SC), tebuconazole (Torque 38.7 SC), thiophanate-methyl (Spectro90 50% WP). Species used in this study: boxwood (Buxus L.), boxwood blight (Calonectria pseudonaviculata (Crous, J.Z. Groenew. & C.F. Hill) L. Lombard, M. J. Wingf. & Crous.

scholarly journals Pachysandra Species and Cultivar Susceptibility to the Boxwood Blight Pathogen, Calonectria pseudonaviculata

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. LaMondia
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Detached Leaf ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Cultivar Susceptibility ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Selection Of

This research was conducted to answer grower questions regarding potential differences among Pachysandra species and cultivars in susceptibility to the boxwood blight pathogen, Calonectria pseudonaviculata. Five cultivars of P. terminalis, one cultivar of P. axillaris, and one selection of P. procumbens were evaluated using whole plants and detached leaves. Pachysandra species and cultivars differed somewhat in susceptibility to boxwood blight, with more significant differences observed between species and cultivars using whole plants than with detached leaf assays. All Pachysandra species and cultivars were susceptible to the pathogen and sporulation occurred on lesions; therefore, all of these cultivars may serve as inoculum reservoirs for the boxwood blight pathogen. Best management practices will need to take this into account in landscapes, garden centers, and nurseries to prevent additional spread of the pathogen.

scholarly journals Adoption of Best Management Practices for Grapevine Leafroll and Red Blotch Diseases: A Survey of West Coast Growers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MALCOLM HOBBS ◽  
Selena Vengco ◽  
Michelle Moyer ◽  
Stephanie Bolton ◽  
Larry Bettiga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Disease Ecology ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Vector Ecology ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Best Management ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Industry Professionals

Grapevine leafroll (GLD) and red blotch (RBD) diseases threaten the sustainability of the USA wine grape industry. To understand factors influencing the adoption of disease management practices, we surveyed wine grape industry professionals in California, Oregon, and Washington (n=154). Economic factors were the fundamental cost of implementing management practices and the ability to sell product from diseased vines (salability). Respondents with reduced salability were more likely to adopt virus testing, replace infected vines, and view these practices as economically favorable. Salability was a strong driver for adoption among Californian respondents, but lesser so in Washington where wineries appeared more willing to accept infected product. Respondents who had acquired technical knowledge of disease ecology were more likely to adopt management practices and to perceive them as economical. Conversely, when there was a lack of knowledge of GLD ecology, notably that mealybugs transmit the pathogen, , adoption was reduced and practices were considered less economical,. Factors affecting adoption were broadly generalizable across diseases. However, knowledge of GLD ecology was more strongly associated with adoption, likely reflecting the remaining knowledge gaps in RBD related to vector ecology and field spread. An emphasis on grower knowledge acquisition and the development of economical disease management practices can improve adoption of best management practices for viral diseases of grapevine.

scholarly journals Effectivity and Efficiency of Best Management Practices Based on a Survey and SWAPP Model of the Xiangxi River Basin

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 985
Author(s):  
Ruimin Liu ◽  
Yuexi Miao ◽  
Qingrui Wang ◽  
Lijun Jiao ◽  
Yifan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Upstream Region ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Xiangxi River ◽  
Piping Systems

A questionnaire survey was conducted among farmers in the Xiangxi River Basin to investigate the local livestock situation and the farmers’ understanding of and attitude towards pollution. The results showed that local farmers lacked environmental awareness and few livestock and poultry pollution treatment measures had been implemented. However, once farmers understood that livestock pollution would greatly influence their lives and interests, they would act to prevent Agricultural non–point source (ANPS) pollution. The farmers’ education level and satisfaction with the environment were the main factors affecting their awareness regarding ANPS pollution. The “Comprehensive Environmental Optimization Tool SWAT–APEX Interface” model (SWAPP) was used to simulate the reduction of ANPS by different best management practices (BMPs) and the construction cost was calculated. The results showed that compound bedding and piping systems and ponds were the most effective and economic measures for reducing ANPS pollution. Spatially, implementing BMPs in the upstream region was better for improving water quality. The nitrate reduction rate in upstream sub–basins reached 90%, which is 30% larger than that in downstream sub–basins with combined bedding and piping systems. Combining the farmers’ awareness of and engagement in livestock pollution with cost–effective BMPs can improve the BMPs’ effectivity and efficiency.

scholarly journals Agricultural Management Practices and Factors Affecting Technical Efficiency in Zimbabwe Maize Farming

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonas T. Bahta ◽  
Henry Jordaan ◽  
Gunda Sabastain
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Principal Component Regression ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Skills Transfer ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Bootstrap Approach

Integrating best management practices and improving the technical efficiency of smallholder maize farmers is critical in raising overall agricultural output. However, there is not much information, besides marginalization and high rehabilitation and maintenance costs, which adequately explains why productivity of smallholder irrigation farmers drop at very high rates. Therefore, this study measured technical efficiency, identified factors affecting technical efficiency, and identified best management practices adopted by smallholder maize irrigation farmers at Tokwane-Ngundu (Zimbabwe). The Data Envelopment Analysis, Double Bootstrap Approach in a Principal Component Regression was used. Primary data were gathered using a questionnaire. Empirical results revealed that the mean technical efficiency of the respondents was 77%, which indicated a potential for them to increase their efficiency by 30%. The factors that increased technical efficiency included human capital, extension contacts and compliance with best management practices. The policy implication of this study is the need for robust group incentive schemes to promote farmer-to-farmer skills transfer to boost the technical efficiency of smallholder maize irrigation farmers in Zimbabwe.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Phosphorous in Groundwater in an Alluvial Valley Aquifer: Implications for Best Management Practices

Water ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 540-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Flores-López ◽  
Zachary Easton ◽  
Larry Geohring ◽  
Peter Vermeulen ◽  
Van Haden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Alluvial Valley ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Best Management
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