scholarly journals Phytotoxicity of Three Sulfonyl Urea Herbicides on Twelve Ornamental Plant Species

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-210
Author(s):  
Janet C. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Shrub Species ◽  
Phytotoxic Effects ◽  
Sulfonyl Urea ◽  
Bedding Plant ◽  
Over The Top

Plants of ten woody shrub species, euonymus, winter jasmine, spirea, golden privet, crape myrtle, forsythia, hydrangea, redbud, viburnum, and weigela, and two bedding plant species, marigold (annual) and dianthus (perennial), were sprayed over the top with sulfosulfuron, trifloxysulfuron-sodium, or halosulfuron-methyl at two times the label rate or sulfosulfuron was sprayed over the top with the label rate and then sprayed with the label rate 30 days later to determine phytotoxic effects of the herbicides. All of the sulfonyl urea herbicides tested were safe to use on euonymus, but none should be used on redbud, weigela, spirea, or crape myrtle. Trifloxysulfuron-sodium typically caused more phytotoxicity on all species tested except euonymus, while halosulfuron-methyl was least likely. Sulfosulfuron also should not be used on privet, hydrangea, or winter jasmine.

scholarly journals SCREENING HERBICIDES FOR INJURY TO THREE CONTAINER-GROWN PANSY CULTIVARS

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 752a-752
Author(s):  
J. Raymond Kessler ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
Beth M. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Liquid Formulation ◽  
Woody Plant Species ◽  
True Blue ◽  
Phytotoxic Effects ◽  
Bedding Plant

Little information is available on phytotoxic effects to annual bedding plant species from herbicides commonly used on container-grown woody plant species. Viol×wittrockiana `Crystal Bowl True Blue', `Imperial Antique Shades', and `Maxim Orange' were grown in 2.54-liter (#1) containers using an amended 6 pine bark: 1 sand medium. Five days after containerizing, each cultivar was either hand-weeded or treated with one of 13 granular or spray, pre- or post-emergence herbicides, within recommended rates in two separate studies. Herbicide phytotoxicity ratings were made 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 d after treatment. Shoot dry weights were taken 120 d after treatment. Most injurious and persistently injurious herbicides were Rout 3G (oxyfluorfen + oryzalin), Pendulum 60 WDG (pendimethalin), and Ronstar 2G (oxadiazon). Low shoot dry weights closely correlated to injury rating. Least injurious herbicides included Pennant 7.8E (metolachlor), Surflan 4AS (oryzalin), Stakeout (dithiopyr), Pennant SG (metolachlor), and Derby SG (metolachlor + simazine). Southern Weedgrass Control, a granular formulation of pendimethalin, was among the least injurious, while Pendulum 60 WDG, a liquid formulation of pendimethalin, was most injurious. Evidence suggests that phytotoxic injury was greater on small, newly transplanted plants, though in some cases they were able to outgrow the injury.

Effects of photoperiod on leaf greenness of four bedding plant species

2003 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Langton ◽  
S. R. Adams ◽  
K. E. Cockshull
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Bedding Plant ◽  
Leaf Greenness

Ecosystem services and tradeoffs in the home food gardens of African American, Chinese-origin and Mexican-origin households in Chicago, IL

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Taylor ◽  
Sarah Taylor Lovell ◽  
Sam E. Wortman ◽  
Michelle Chan
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Mexican Origin ◽  
Chinese Origin ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Food Gardens

AbstractWith increasing urbanization and environmental degradation, urban landscapes are increasingly expected to provide a wide range of ecosystem services typically associated with rural areas, including biodiversity conservation and food production. Because residential landscapes constitute the largest single urban land use, domestic gardens have emerged as a topic of research interest and planning concern. The ecosystem services (or disservices) these landscapes provide, however, have not been rigorously measured, nor have tradeoffs between the services they provide been assessed. In this study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 59 African American, Chinese-origin or Mexican-origin households with on-lot or vacant lot food gardens in Chicago. Crop plants and cultivated ornamental plants on the lot were inventoried and mapped at the species level. A total of 123 edible plant taxa from 25 families and 288 ornamental plant species from 85 families were identified, for a combined total of 387 species from 90 families. Cumulatively, the gardens of African American households were relatively rich in ornamental plant species and families, while those of Chinese-origin households had a depauperate flora. Crop plant richness was more even across sample types. Shade trees and a developed shrub layer were absent from most gardens, possibly representing a tradeoff in ecosystem services in favor of food production. The richness of the aggregate 2.1 ha of residential property inventoried in this study was comparable with or exceeded that of a 34 ha prairie remnant west of Chicago. However, only 35 (9.6%) of the inventoried species were native to the Chicago area.

scholarly journals AN ASSESSMENT OF PRESENT PLANT DIVERSITY ON THE NATEWA PENINSULA, VANUA LEVU, FIJI

REINWARDTIA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Powling
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
National Park ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Conservation Value ◽  
Ecological Diversity ◽  
Shrub Species ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Present Plant

POWLING, A. 2018. An assessment of present plant diversity on the Natewa Peninsula, Vanua Levu, Fiji. Reinwardtia 17(2): 125‒132. ‒‒ The Natewa Peninsula, part of the Fijian island of Vanua Levu, is naturally afforested but the forests have been extensively logged in the last 50 years. It is now planned to protect some of the forests from further logging by incorporating them into a National Park. A survey of plant species in the regenerating forests and surrounding land on the Peninsula was performed to assess the taxonomic and ecological diversity of the trees and shrubs, including figs and palms, and also the orchids presently to be found on the Peninsula. The degree of invasion by introduced plant species was also assessed. Of 67 tree and shrub species it was found that 17 were endemic to the Fijian islands, 40 others were indigenous and ten were introduced. The normal habitats of these species included dense, open and secondary forest, showing that trees with a range of ecological characteristics were still present. Endemic and indigenous species of both figs and palms were found, and also terrestrial and epiphytic orchids. No severe infestations of introduced species were observed. It is concluded that the forests of the Peninsula are of sufficient conservation value to justify National Park status. 

scholarly journals Plant Functional Groups Dominate Responses of Plant Adaptive Strategies to Urbanization

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yihua Xiao ◽  
Shirong Liu ◽  
Manyun Zhang ◽  
Fuchun Tong ◽  
Zhihong Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Adaptive Strategies ◽  
Resource Acquisition ◽  
Shrub Species ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Suburban Areas

Urbanization causes alteration in atmospheric, soil, and hydrological factors and substantially affects a range of morphological and physiological plant traits. Correspondingly, plants might adopt different strategies to adapt to urbanization promotion or pressure. Understanding of plant traits responding to urbanization will reveal the capacity of plant adaptation and optimize the choice of plant species in urbanization green. In this study, four different functional groups (herbs, shrubs, subcanopies, and canopies, eight plant species totally) located in urban, suburban, and rural areas were selected and eight replicated plants were selected for each species at each site. Their physiological and photosynthetic properties and heavy metal concentrations were quantified to reveal plant adaptive strategies to urbanization. The herb and shrub species had significantly higher starch and soluble sugar contents in urban than in suburban areas. Urbanization decreased the maximum photosynthetic rates and total chlorophyll contents of the canopies (Engelhardtia roxburghiana and Schima superba). The herbs (Lophatherum gracile and Alpinia chinensis) and shrubs (Ardisia quinquegona and Psychotria rubra) species in urban areas had significantly lower nitrogen (N) allocated in the cell wall and leaf δ15N values but higher heavy metal concentrations than those in suburban areas. The canopy and subcanopy (Diospyros morrisiana and Cratoxylum cochinchinense) species adapt to the urbanization via reducing resource acquisition but improving defense capacity, while the herb and shrub species improve resource acquisition to adapt to the urbanization. Our current studies indicated that functional groups affected the responses of plant adaptive strategies to the urbanization.

scholarly journals Plant diversity of the horticultural farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University

1970 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akbar Hossain ◽  
MAS Chowdhury ◽  
MST T Islam ◽  
PK Malaker ◽  
SM Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Bamboo Species ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
Unknown Species ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
Total Species

A taxonomic survey was carried out to assess the diversity of plant genetic resources in the Horticultural farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The data were collected during April 2004 to March 2005. A total of 25328 (including unidentified plant species) species were recorded in which trees, shrubs, herbs, climbers and woody grasses were 51.56, 27.60, 7.81, 10.41, and 2.61% of the total species, respectively. The total number of plants belongs to 98 families under 141 genera and 192 species (excluding unknown species). Among these, 65 fruit tree species under 38 genera and 25 families (of which 8 species were rare and endangered), 16 timber plant species under 12 genera and 9 families, 32 medicinal plant species under 29 genera and 24 families (of which 7 species were rate and endangered), 44 ornamental plant species under 34 genera and 25 families (of which 2 species were rare and endangered), 4 spices plant species under 4 genera and 4 families, 11 vegetables plant species under 9 genera and 6 families, 5 bamboo species under 2 genera and one family, 3 rattan (Bet) plant (which were rare and endangered) species under one genus and one family, 10 palm plant species under 10 genera and 2 families, and 2 rubber plant species under 2 genera and one family were recorded. Key Words: Plant diversity; taxonomic survey. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i2.5790Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(2) : 189-204, June 2009

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