Infantile hemangioma explained in simple terms

Infantile hemangioma (IH) it is the most common benign vascular tumor in children of the first year, which is based on abnormal proliferation of endothelial cells under the influence of the main pro-angiogenic factors VEGF and FGF. It develops in the first weeks after birth, forming over 3–9 months with regression in the next 3–7 years. Three-quarters of infantile hemangiomas are nodular and are not accompanied by malformations. At the same time, segmental IH is most often associated with syndromic forms. Despite spontaneous regression (in 90% of cases), some forms and localization of IH can lead to the development of complications, local and endangering vital functions. In most cases, the diagnosis is based on anamnesis, characteristic features of the tumor, and clinical course. Additional studies (ultrasound DG, MRI/CT) are necessary in complicated forms and in doubtful clinical cases. The patient's parents agreed to use the information, including the child's photo, in scientific research and publications.

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Modern treatment of infantile hemangioma

Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology ◽

10.24287/1726-1708-2021-20-2-156-167 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 156-167

Author(s):

L. A. Khachatryan ◽

D. M. Nikolaeva

Keyword(s):

Spontaneous Regression ◽

Clinical Course ◽

Fibroblast Growth Factors ◽

Infantile Hemangioma ◽

Vascular Tumor ◽

First Year ◽

Vascular Endothelial ◽

Vital Functions ◽

Characteristic Features ◽

Endothelial Growth Factor

Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the most common benign vascular tumor in children of the first year, which is based on abnormal proliferation of endothelial cells under the influence of the main pro-angiogenic factors: vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factors (FGF). It develops in the first weeks after birth, forming over 3–9 months with regression in the next 3–7 years. Three-quarters of infantile hemangiomas are nodular and are not accompanied by malformations. At the same time, segmental IH is most often associated with syndromic forms. Despite spontaneous regression (in 90% of cases), some forms and localization of IH can lead to the development of complications, local and endangering vital functions. In most cases, the diagnosis is based on anamnesis, characteristic features of the tumor, and clinical course. Additional studies (ultrasound DG, MRI/CT, biopsy) are necessary in complicated forms and in doubtful clinical cases.

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Lasertechniques treatment of vascular malformations

Phlebologie ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1622304 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 39 (03) ◽

pp. 167-175

Author(s):

M. Poetke ◽

P. Urban ◽

H.-P. Berlien

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Cells ◽

Spontaneous Regression ◽

Vascular System ◽

Vascular Malformations ◽

Clinical Importance ◽

Vascular Structure ◽

Laser Application ◽

Vascular Morphogenesis ◽

Structural Abnormalities

SummaryVascular malformations are structural abnormalities, errors of vascular morphogenesis, which can be localized in all parts of the vascular system. All vascular malformations by definition, are present at birth and grow proportionately with the child; their volume can change. In contrast to the haemangiomas, which only proliferate from the endothelial cells the division in stages is of clinical importance. Vascular malformations are divided from the part of vascular system, which is affected.In principle the techniques of laser application in congenital vascular tumours like haemangiomas and in vascular malformations are similar, but the aim is different. In tumours the aim is to induce regression, in vascular malformations the aim is to destroy the pathologic vascular structure because there is no spontaneous regression. This means that the parameters for treatment of vascular malformations must be more aggressive than for vascular tumours.

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Platelet-Derived Exosomes Affect the Proliferation and Migration of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Via miR-126

Current Vascular Pharmacology ◽

10.2174/1570161116666180313142139 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 379-387 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Yan Sun ◽

Xiao-li Liu ◽

Dai Zhang ◽

Fang Liu ◽

Yu-jing Cheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Cells ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Real Time ◽

Umbilical Vein ◽

Angiogenic Factors ◽

Healthy Donors ◽

And Migration ◽

Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ◽

Tgf Β1 ◽

Proliferation And Migration

Background:Intraplaque angiogenesis, the process of generating new blood vessels mediated by endothelial cells, contributes to plaque growth, intraplaque hemorrhage, and thromboembolic events. Platelet-derived Exosomes (PLT-EXOs) affect angiogenesis in multiple ways. The ability of miR-126, one of the best-characterized miRNAs that regulates angiogenesis, carried by PLT-EXOs to influence angiogenesis via the regulation of the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells is unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of PLT-EXOs on angiogenesis by Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs).Methods:We evaluated the levels of miR-126 and angiogenic factors in PLT-EXOs from Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) patients and healthy donors by real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and western blotting. We incubated HUVECs with PLT-EXOs and measured cell proliferation and migration with the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and scratch assay, respectively. We also investigated the expression of miR-126 and angiogenic factors in HUVECs after exposure to PLT-EXOs by western blotting and real-time PCR.Results:PLT-EXOs from ACS patients contained higher levels of miR-126 and angiogenic factors, including Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF), and Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGF-β1), than those from healthy donors (p<0.05). Moreover, the levels of exosomal miR-126 and angiogenic factors were increased after stimulation with thrombin (p<0.01). HUVEC proliferation and migration were promoted by treatment with activated PLT-EXOs (p<0.01); they were accompanied by the over-expression of miR-126 and angiogenic factors, including VEGF, bFGF, and TGF-β1 (p<0.01).Conclusion:Activated PLT-EXOs promoted the proliferation and migration of HUVECs, and the overexpression of miR-126 and angiogenic factors, thereby elucidating potential new therapeutic targets for intraplaque angiogenesis.

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Wortmannin targeting phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase suppresses angiogenic factors in shear‐stressed endothelial cells

Journal of Cellular Physiology ◽

10.1002/jcp.29412 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 235 (6) ◽

pp. 5256-5269 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anderson M. Gomes ◽

Thais S. Pinto ◽

Célio J. Costa Fernandes ◽

Rodrigo A. Silva ◽

Willian F. Zambuzzi

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Cells ◽

Angiogenic Factors ◽

Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase ◽

Phosphatidylinositol 3

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Micropatterning of endothelial cells by guided stimulation with angiogenic factors

Biosensors and Bioelectronics ◽

10.1016/j.bios.2003.12.020 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 19 (11) ◽

pp. 1401-1407 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Sumant S. Kulkarni ◽

Reid Orth ◽

Mauro Ferrari ◽

Nicanor I. Moldovan

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Cells ◽

Angiogenic Factors

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Urea‐modulated UT‐B urea transporter internalization is clathrin‐ and caveolae‐dependent in infantile hemangioma‐derived vascular endothelial cells

Journal of Cellular Biochemistry ◽

10.1002/jcb.27789 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 120 (4) ◽

pp. 5128-5136 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Li Xiao ◽

Dakan Liu ◽

Song Zuo ◽

Xiaoshuang Zhu ◽

Yanlin Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Cells ◽

Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽

Infantile Hemangioma ◽

Vascular Endothelial ◽

Urea Transporter

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Endothelial cells derived from patients with diabetic macular edema recapitulate clinical evaluations of anti-VEGF responsiveness through the Neuronal Pentraxin 2 pathway

10.2337/figshare.12732944 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ada Admin ◽

Marta Vila Gonzalez ◽

Magdalini Eleftheriadou ◽

Sophia Kelaini ◽

Hojjat Naderi-Meshkin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Cells ◽

Macular Edema ◽

Diabetic Macular Edema ◽

Vision Loss ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Gene Expression Profiles ◽

First Year ◽

Differential Outcomes ◽

Anti Vegf ◽

Neuronal Pentraxin

Diabetic macular edema (DME) remains a leading cause of vision loss worldwide. DME is commonly treated with intravitreal injections of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) neutralising antibodies. Anti-VEGFs are effective but not all patients fully respond to them. Given their potential side effects, inconvenience and high cost, identifying who may not respond appropriately to anti-VEGFs and why is essential. <p>Herein, we determine first the response to anti-VEGFs in a cohort of DME patients using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography scans obtained throughout the first year of treatment. We found that in 28% of eyes full clearance of fluid occurred at any time during the first year (“full responders”); in 66% fluid cleared only partly (“partial responders”); in 6% fluid remained unchanged (“non-responders”). To understand this differential response, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) from “full responders” and “non-responders” and from diabetic subjects with no DME and age-matched non-diabetic volunteers and differentiated them into endothelial cells (iPS-ECs). Monolayers of iPS-ECs derived from diabetics showed marked and prolonged increased permeability upon exposure to VEGF when compared with non-diabetic controls; the response was significantly exaggerated in iPS-ECs from “non-responders” when compared with “full responders”. Moreover, phosphorylation of key cellular proteins in response to VEGF, including VEGFR2, and gene expression profiles, such as Neuronal Pentraxin 2 (NPTX2) expression, differed between “full responders” and “non-responders”. </p> <p>In the current study, iPS were used to predict patient response to anti-VEGF and identify key mechanisms underpinning the differential outcomes observed in the clinic. This approach has identified NPTX2 as playing a significant role in patient-linked responses and has potential as a new therapeutic target for DME. </p>

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THE NEPHROTIC SYNDROME IN THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.25.6.967 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 967-976

Author(s):

R. A. Parker ◽

Carolyn F. Piel

Keyword(s):

Nephrotic Syndrome ◽

Cortical Area ◽

Clinical Course ◽

Renal Pathology ◽

Electrolyte Imbalance ◽

First Year ◽

Renal Lesions ◽

Susceptibility To Infection ◽

First Year Of Life

The clinical course of nephrosis in five infants with onset of disease before 7 months of age is presented, together with evaluation of renal lesions seen at necropsy. The problems of the management of nephrosis susceptibility to infection and water and electrolyte imbalance were found to be exaggerated by the young age of the patients. The renal pathology observed in these five infants consisted of persistence of immature glomeruli and dilatation of the tubules in the cortical area. Later, the immature glomeruli and associated tubules appear to atrophy and the remaining glomeruli to hypertrophy. Long-term adrenocorticosteroid therapy seems to be contraindicated, not only on the basis of the pathologic changes, but because it greatly exaggerates the problems of management and does not effect a remission of the disease.

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