Global sociology: basic research strategies. Part II. Civilization approach
The civilization has a long history. It was formed in the framework of history and philosophy of history. In sociology it was used from time to time and only as a means of analysis of religion and culture. However in the middle of the XX century in the context of post-colonial studies it became evident that both the process of movement of different societies to modernity and the results of this movement show the lack of universalist patterns. It also become clear that one can use theory of civilization to explain all these phenomena. In fact the civilization approach turned out to be a useful alternative to the universalist approach as a way of understanding the contemporary global world especially of the processes of modernization.The civilization approach has made it possible to work out a new version of global sociology. It shows the way to investigate the culture-civilization complex which includes religion social institutes and identities.