scholarly journals Effect of sewage sludge ash filler on mode I and mode II interlaminar fracture toughness of S-glass/epoxy composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Alsaadi 1,2 ◽  
Ahmet Erkliğ 2
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Mode I ◽  
Mode Ii ◽  
Interlaminar Fracture Toughness ◽  
Sewage Sludge Ash ◽  
Interlaminar Fracture ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Sludge Ash

In this study, the influence of sewage sludge ash (SSA) waste particle contents on the mechanical properties and interlaminar fracture toughness for mode I and mode II delamination of S-glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites were investigated. Composite laminate specimens for tensile, flexural double-cantilever beam (DCB) and end-notched flexure (ENF) tests were prepared and tested according to ASTM standards with 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt% SSA filled S-glass/epoxy composites. Properties improvement reasons was explained based on optical and scanning electron microscopy. The highest improvement in tensile and flexural strength was obtained with 10 wt% content of SSA. The highest mode I and mode II interlaminar fracture toughness’s were obtained with 15 wt% content of SSA. The mode I and mode II interlaminar fracture toughness’s improved by 33 and 63.6%, respectively, compared to the composite without SSA.

scholarly journals Mixed-Mode Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Glass and Carbon Fibre Powder Epoxy Composites—For Design of Wind and Tidal Turbine Blades

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2103
Author(s):  
Christophe Floreani ◽  
Colin Robert ◽  
Parvez Alam ◽  
Peter Davies ◽  
Conchúr M. Ó. Brádaigh
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Mixed Mode ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Mode I ◽  
Mode Ii ◽  
Pure Mode ◽  
Interlaminar Fracture Toughness ◽  
Interlaminar Fracture

Powder epoxy composites have several advantages for the processing of large composite structures, including low exotherm, viscosity and material cost, as well as the ability to carry out separate melting and curing operations. This work studies the mode I and mixed-mode toughness, as well as the in-plane mechanical properties of unidirectional stitched glass and carbon fibre reinforced powder epoxy composites. The interlaminar fracture toughness is studied in pure mode I by performing Double Cantilever Beam tests and at 25% mode II, 50% mode II and 75% mode II by performing Mixed Mode Bending testing according to the ASTM D5528-13 test standard. The tensile and compressive properties are comparable to that of standard epoxy composites but both the mode I and mixed-mode toughness are shown to be significantly higher than that of other epoxy composites, even when comparing to toughened epoxies. The mixed-mode critical strain energy release rate as a function of the delamination mode ratio is also provided. This paper highlights the potential for powder epoxy composites in the manufacturing of structures where there is a risk of delamination.

scholarly journals Woven Glass Fiber Composites with Aligned Carbon Nanotube Sheet Interlayers

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hardik Bhanushali ◽  
Philip D. Bradford
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Mode I ◽  
Mode Ii ◽  
Interlaminar Fracture Toughness ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Interlaminar Fracture ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Short Beam ◽  
Woven Glass Fiber

This investigation describes the design, fabrication, and testing of woven glass fiber reinforced epoxy matrix laminates with aligned CNT sheets integrated between plies in order to improve the matrix dominated through thickness properties such as the interlaminar fracture toughness at ply interfaces. Using aligned CNT sheets allows for a concentration of millimeter long CNTs at the most likely point of laminate failure. Mode I and Mode II interlaminar fracture toughness of various CNT modified samples were investigated using double cantilever beam (DCB) and end notched flexure (ENF) experiments, respectively. Short beam strength (SBS) and in-plane tensile properties of the CNT modified samples were also investigated. Moderate improvement was observed in Mode I and Mode II fracture toughness at crack initiation when aligned CNT sheets with a basis weight of 0.354 g/m2were used to modify the ply interface. No compromise in the in-plane mechanical properties of the laminate was observed and very little improvement was observed in the shear related short beam strength of the CNT modified laminates as compared to the control samples. Integration of aligned CNT sheets into the composite laminate imparted in-plane and through thickness electrical properties into the nonconductive glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite laminates.

Interlaminar fracture toughness of flax-epoxy composites

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Bensadoun ◽  
I Verpoest ◽  
AW Van Vuure
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Epoxy Composite ◽  
Flax Fibre ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Mode I ◽  
Mode Ii ◽  
Interlaminar Fracture Toughness ◽  
Interlaminar Fracture ◽  
Brittle Polymer ◽  
Tensile Toughness

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of fibre architectures on the interlaminar fracture toughness and tensile toughness of flax fibre epoxy composites. The fracture toughness was investigated for both Mode I (GIC) and Mode II (GIIC) for seven flax-epoxy architectures: one plain weave, two twill 2 × 2 weaves, a quasi-unidirectional and a unidirectional architecture, the UD’s being tested in both [0,90] and [90,0] composite lay-ups. The results of the Mode I and Mode II showed promising results of the flax-epoxy composite performance. The addition of flax fibre increases the GIC and GIIC of the composites over that of the unreinforced brittle polymer by at least two to three times. Further improvements are made with the use of woven textiles. The tensile toughness was found to be a good indicator of the capacity of a material to sustain perforation or non-perforation impact.

scholarly journals A Study of the Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Unidirectional Flax/Epoxy Composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef Saadati ◽  
Jean-Francois Chatelain ◽  
Gilbert Lebrun ◽  
Yves Beauchamp ◽  
Philippe Bocher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Mixed Mode ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Mode I ◽  
Mode Ii ◽  
Pure Mode ◽  
Interlaminar Fracture Toughness ◽  
Interlaminar Fracture

Having environmental and economic advantages, flax fibers have been recognized as a potential replacement for glass fibers as reinforcement in epoxy composites for various applications. Its widening applications require employing failure criteria and analysis methods for engineering design, analysis, and optimization of this material. Among different failure modes, delamination is known as one of the earliest ones in laminated composites and needs to be studied in detail. However, the delamination characteristics of unidirectional (UD) flax/epoxy composites in pure Mode I has rarely been addressed, while Mode II and Mixed-mode I/II have never been addressed before. This work studies and evaluates the interlaminar fracture toughness and delamination behavior of UD flax/epoxy composite under Mode I, Mode II, and Mixed-mode I/II loading. The composites were tested following corresponding ASTM standards and fulfilled all the requirements. The interlaminar fracture toughness of the composite were determined and validated based on the specific characteristics of natural fibers. Considering the variation in the composite structure configuration and its effects, the results of interlaminar fracture toughness fit in the range of those reported for similar composites in the literature and provide a basis for the material properties of this composite.

scholarly journals Improved Interlaminar Fracture Toughness and Electrical Conductivity of CFRPs with Non-Woven Carbon Tissue Interleaves Composed of Fibers with Different Lengths

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Xu ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
Lijie Feng ◽  
Dedong Huang ◽  
Min Xia
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Mode I ◽  
Mode Ii ◽  
Thickness Direction ◽  
Interlaminar Fracture Toughness ◽  
Filtration Method ◽  
Interlaminar Fracture ◽  
Pull Out

Non-woven carbon tissue (NWCT) with different fiber lengths was prepared with a simple surfactant-assistant dispersion and filtration method and used as interleaving to enhance both delamination resistance and electrical conductivity of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs) laminates. The toughing effect of NWCT on both Mode I and Mode II interlaminar fracture of CFRPs laminate is dependent on length of fibers, where the shorter carbon fibers (0.8 mm) perform better on Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness improvement whereas longer carbon fibers (4.3 mm) give more contribution to the Mode II interlaminar fracture toughness increase, comparing with the baseline composites, and the toughness increase was achieved without compromising of flexural mechanical properties. More interestingly, comparing with the baseline composites, the electrical conductivity of the interleaved composites exhibited a significant enhancement with in-plane and through-the-thickness direction, respectively. Microscopy analysis of the carbon tissue interleaving area in the laminate indicated that carbon fibers with shorter length can form into a 3D network with more fibers aligned along through-the-thickness direction compared with longer ones. The shorter fibers thus potentially provide more effective fiber bridges, pull-out and matrix deformation during the crack propagation and improve the electric conductivity significantly in through-the-thickness direction.

Interlaminar Fracture of CF/EP Composites Modified with Nano-Silica

2007 ◽  
Vol 121-123 ◽  
pp. 1403-1406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Qiang Deng ◽  
P. Rosso ◽  
Lin Ye ◽  
Klaus Friedrich
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Fracture Behaviour ◽  
Mode I ◽  
Mode Ii ◽  
Interlaminar Fracture Toughness ◽  
Nano Silica ◽  
Interlaminar Fracture ◽  
Transverse Tension ◽  
Tension Tests ◽  
Nano Additives

Fracture toughness and other mechanical properties of epoxies modified with nano-slica particles were measured to elaborate effects of nano-additives on fracture behaviour of the modified epoxies. Interlaminar fracture behaviours of the nano-silica modified CF/EP composites were subsequently investigated by conducting Mode-I and Mode-II interlaminar fracture toughness tests as well as transverse tension tests. It was found that the fracture toughness of the nano-silica modified epoxies and the interlaminar fracture toughness of nano-silica modified CF/EP composites have been increased significantly (>50%), while the strength and modulus of the materials remain unchanged or slightly higher. In particular, the nano-silica modified epoxies showed only very little reduction in the glass transition temperature (Tg).

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