scholarly journals Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil Catalysed by Crystalline Copper Doped Zinc Oxide Nanocatalyst

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5798-5808
Author(s):  
Sandhya R ◽  
Velavan R ◽  
Ravichandran J
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Catalyst Type ◽  
Optimum Reaction

Biodiesel has its unique position in the field of renewable energy as alternate fuel to diesel due to fuel price, energy requirement and petroleum crisis. In this study, biodiesel was produced from Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) using Copper doped Zinc Oxide (CZO) nanocatalysts. The synthesized Copper doped Zinc Oxide nanocatalysts were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM). Design of experiment was framed using Taguchi method to limit the experiments and to find the optimum reaction conditions. The effect of process parameters such as oil-to-methanol ratio (O/M), catalyst type, catalyst concentration, temperature and time on the transesterification reactions using characterized Copper doped Zinc Oxide nanocatalyst were investigated. The 4% (weight /weight) nanocatalyst concentration, 1:5 Oil to methanol molar ratio at 60°C temperature and 40 minutes of reaction time were found to be optimum, in which the maximum biodiesel yield of 98 % (w/w) was obtained. Hence it was determined that nanocatalysts exhibited good catalytic activities on biodiesel production from Waste Cooking Oil (WCO).

Biodiesel Production through Direct Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil with Alcohol via Ultrasonic Wave

2013 ◽  
Vol 389 ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Yong Feng Kang ◽  
Hua Jin Shi ◽  
Lin Ge Yang ◽  
Jun Xia Kang ◽  
Zi Qi Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Ester Exchange Reaction

Biodiesel is prepared from waste cooking oil and methanol. The ester exchange reaction is conducted under ultrasonic conditions with alkali as the catalysts. Five factors influencing on the transesterification reaction of biodiesel production are discussed in this study, including the reaction time, reaction temperature, catalyst amount, methanol to oil molar ratio, ultrasonic power. A series of laboratory experiments were carried out to test the conversion of biodiesel under various conditions. The process of biodiesel production was optimized by application of orthogonal test obtain the optimum conditions for biodiesel synthesis. The results showed that the optimum reaction conditions were:molar ratio of oil to methanol 8:1,catalysts 1.2g KOH/100g oil,reaction temperature 70°C, reaction time 50 min,Ultrasonic power 400W. The conversion may up to 96.48%.

scholarly journals Optimization of Waste Cooking Oil’s FFA as Biodiesel Feedstock

Teknomekanik ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Sri Rizki Putri Primandari ◽  
Andril Arafat ◽  
Harumi Veny
Keyword(s):  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Feedstock ◽  
Temperature Irradiation ◽  
Acid Esterification ◽  
Central Composite

Waste cooking oil has high Free Fatty Acid (FFA). It affected on decreasing a biodiesel production. FFA reduction is one of important processes in biodiesel production from waste cooking oil. Thus, this study aimed to examine the optimum condition in FFA reduction. The process is assisted by using ultrasonic irradiation on acid esterification. Variables of the process are acid concentration, molar ratio of methanol and oil, and irradiation time. Meanwhile temperature irradiation on 45oC is a control variable. Process optimization is conducted by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD). The optimum conditions of response were 7.22:1 (methanol to oil molar ratio), 0.92% wt H2SO4, 26.04 minutes (irradiation time), and 45oC (irradiation temperature). Ultrasonic system reduced FFA significantly compared to conventional method.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Shell-Derived Calcium Oxide Catalysts for the Production of Biodiesel Esters from Cooking Oils

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Ngee Sing Chong ◽  
Francis Uchenna Okejiri ◽  
Saidi Abdulramoni ◽  
Shruthi Perna ◽  
Beng Guat Ooi
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Cooking Oils ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Percentage Conversion

Due to the high cost of feedstock and catalyst in biodiesel production, the viability of the biodiesel industry has been dependent on government subsidies or tax incentives. In order to reduce the cost of production, food wastes including eggshells and oyster shells have been used to prepare calcium oxide (CaO) catalysts for the transesterification reaction of biodiesel synthesis. The shells were calcined at 1000 °C for 4 hours to obtain CaO powders which were investigated as catalysts for the transesterification of waste cooking oil. The catalysts were characterized by Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. Reaction parameters such as methanol-to-oil molar ratio, CaO catalyst concentration, and reaction time were evaluated and optimized for the percentage conversion of cooking oil to biodiesel esters. The oyster-based CaO showed better catalytic activity when compared to the eggshell-based CaO under the same set of reaction conditions.

scholarly journals Waste cooking oil processing for fatty acid methyl ester and mono glycerides production with magnetite catalyst

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (S1) ◽  
pp. 220-226
Author(s):  
Widayat ◽  
Hadiyanto ◽  
D.A. Putra ◽  
Nursafitri I. ◽  
H. Satriadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Acid Methyl

The objective of this research was to produce biodiesel using waste cooking oil and various magnetite catalysts with the esterification-transesterification process. Magnetite catalysts tested were α- Fe2O3, α- Fe2O3/Al2O3, α- Fe2O3/ZSM-5 catalysts. Catalysts were prepared through chemical precipitation and calcination. The esterificationtransesterification process was carried out with the conditions WCO: methanol molar ratio of 15:1, catalyst (1% wt of oil), heated at 65℃ for 3 hrs. The results showed biodiesel production using α- Fe2O3-ZSM-5 catalyst obtained higher %FAME (83.28%), yield (91.915%) and monoglyceride content (16.72%) compared to others due to larger pore volume. Biodiesel produced passed the requirement of Indonesian National Standard (SNI) based on density, acid number and viscosity.

scholarly journals Surfactant Imprinting Hyperactivated Immobilized Lipase as Efficient Biocatalyst for Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang ◽  
Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Burkholderia Cepacia ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Enzymatic Production ◽  
Burkholderia Cepacia Lipase ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Highly Active

Enzymatic production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil (WCO) could contribute to resolving the problems of energy demand and environment pollutions.In the present work, Burkholderia cepacia lipase (BCL) was activated by surfactant imprinting, and subsequently immobilized in magnetic cross-linked enzyme aggregates (mCLEAs) with hydroxyapatite coated magnetic nanoparticles (HAP-coated MNPs). The maximum hyperactivation of BCL mCLEAs was observed in the pretreatment of BCL with 0.1 mM Triton X-100. The optimized Triton-activated BCL mCLEAs was used as a highly active and robust biocatalyst for biodiesel production from WCO, exhibiting significant increase in biodiesel yield and tolerance to methanol. The results indicated that surfactant imprinting integrating mCLEAs could fix BCL in their active (open) form, experiencing a boost in activity and allowing biodiesel production performed in solvent without further addition of water. A maximal biodiesel yield of 98% was achieved under optimized conditions with molar ratio of methanol-to-WCO 7:1 in one-time addition in hexane at 40 °C. Therefore, the present study displays a versatile method for lipase immobilization and shows great practical latency in renewable biodiesel production.

Thermodynamic and kinetic approach of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using nano-catalysts

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saima Noreen ◽  
Iqra Sahar ◽  
Nasir Masood ◽  
Munawar Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Zahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Nano Catalysts

Abstract This study focusses on the production of biodiesel by reacting the heterogeneous based nano-catalysts with used cooking oil in the presence of methanol. The CZO nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by co-precipitation method and characterized by different techniques. Biodiesel was characterized by the gas chromatograph (GC) and Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR). Optimum conditions for the maximum biodiesel yield (90%) were 0.2% (w/w) catalyst dose, 3:1 methanol to oil ratio, 50 °C reaction temperature, 150 min reaction time and 136 rpm stirring speed. The kinetic modeling and the thermodynamic factors like enthalpy (ΔH), activation energy (Ea), entropy (ΔS) and free energy (ΔG) were operated on all the data. Mean and standard deviation was used for analysis of data. The results indicate the maximum biodiesel yield under the optimum reaction conditions, which is promising to reduce the pollution such as air pollution and greenhouse effect for sustainable environmetal development.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Waste Eggshell-Based Montmorillonite Clay Catalyst for Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ayoub ◽  
Suzana Yusuf ◽  
Abrar Inayat ◽  
Sami Ullah ◽  
Maliha Uroos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Montmorillonite Clay ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Highly Active

The depletion of resources and increase in demand for fossil fuel raise concerns as it is natural and non-renewable. Therefore, it will cause limitation on its availability and continuous reduction. This issue has led to the search for more economic, sustainable, and environmentally friendly alternatives which is biodiesel. The major drawback that reduces the possibility of biodiesel commercialization is the high cost of oil feedstock as it covers 75% of its total production cost. The waste cooking oil is used as feedstock in continuous transesterification as it is the primary option to lower the cost of biodiesel production. Biodiesel can be prepared using waste cooking oil and catalyst through transesterification reaction. In this research, the focus is on the utilization of chicken and quail waste eggshell to synthesize highly active Calcium Oxide (CaO)-based heterogenous catalyst with montmorillonite clay to catalyze efficient conversion of waste cooking oil to biodiesel. The formation of CaO/montmorillonite catalyst was confirmed based on the outputs from X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The physio-chemically characteristics of catalysts exhibited a BET surface area from the ranging from 9.2-9.5 m2/g and presence of around 87% of elemental calcium as constituent through XRF characterization. In addition to this, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis is used to determine the conversion of biodiesel using conventional and microwave heating method which revealed a maximum biodiesel production yield of 98%. This optimum biodiesel yield was obtained at reaction temperature, molar ratio of waste cooking oil to methanol, and catalyst amount of 60 ºC, 2 h, 1:12, 2.5 wt.% and 5 wt.% for both eggshells, respectively.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZING REACTION CONDITIONS OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM WASTE COOKING OIL USING GREEN SOLID CATALYST

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
I Nengah Simpen ◽  
I Made Sutha Negara ◽  
Sofyan Dwi Jayanto
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
One Step

Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil in two steps reaction of esterification and transesterification is low efficient, due to twice methanol consumption and need more reaction time. Optimizing reaction conditions of CaO as a matrix of solid catalyst prepared from crab shell (green CaO) and modified by K2O/TiO2 for converting waste cooking oil to biodiesel have been carried out. Catalytic process of waste cooking oil to biodiesel took place in one step reaction of esterification and transesterification. The research result showed that optimum conditions in its one step reaction such as methanol to oil molar ratio was 9:1, amount of CaO/K2O-TiO2 catalyst to oil was 5% and reaction time of 60 minutes with biodiesel yield was 88.24%. Physical and chemical properties of biodiesel which produced from one step reaction of esterification and transesterification of waste cooking oil were suitable with Indonesian National Standard (SNI-04-7182-2006) namely density at 40oC of 850 kg/m3, kinematic viscosity at 40oC of 3.32 cSt, water content of 0.046%, iodine number of 59.25 g I2/100g and acid value of 0.29 mg KOH/g. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of biodiesel formed fatty acid methyl esters from conversion of waste cooking oil.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document