scholarly journals Contested natures: Coca, the War on Drugs, and ecologies of difference in Colombia's Afro-Pacific

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Huezo
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Ethnic Difference ◽  
War On Drugs ◽  
Global South ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Global North ◽  
Ecological Difference ◽  
Descendant Communities

<p>While there is growing consensus that the 'war on drugs' has failed to decrease drug consumption in the Global North, we know much less about how drug production has impacted communities of the Global South. This is particularly true for the cultivation of coca leaf in Colombia, which is increasingly planted in isolated rural areas such as national parks and in the collectively titled lands of ethnic communities (indigenous and Afro-descendant) where it is both difficult to detect and to eradicate. This article explains how Afro-descendant communities in Colombia have resisted both coca cultivation and a controversial war on drugs strategy to eliminate coca –aerial eradication –  through a framework of ecological difference. It also explores why political ecologists can be important allies in this struggle and in the greater context of socio<em>-</em>environmental justice for rural communities in the Global South.  <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Key Words:</strong> rural, ethnic, difference, war, coca, Colombia</p>

Community Networks for Addressing Affordability of ICT Access in African Rural Areas

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Takavarasha Jr. ◽  
Carl Adams ◽  
Liezel Cilliers
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Community Networks ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Disadvantaged Communities ◽  
Digital Divides ◽  
Global North ◽  
Vexed Question

Mobile ICTs have addressed the digital divides between the global south and the global north. While a phenomenal mobile penetration in developing countries has enabled ICT4D innovations by connecting previously unconnected people, several communities suffer adverse inclusion or lack access altogether. Such digital divides within countries have been attributed to technical, social, and economic issues. As a result, many approaches to bridging the digital divides have been used by both academics and practitioners. This chapter, therefore, discusses the potential use of community networks for providing sustainable and affordable access to rural communities in developing countries. In addition to the advantages of community networks, the chapter presents the challenges thereof, and it contributes to the vexed question about how to harness ICTs to empower the disadvantaged communities in developing countries. A case study of Zenzeleni Makhosi community network in South Africa's Eastern Cape province is presented and analysed using Sen's capability approach.

scholarly journals Profiles of Ethiopian centenarians: A qualitative inquiry

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-136
Author(s):  
Samson Chane ◽  
Margaret E. Adamek
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Global South ◽  
Marital Stability ◽  
Qualitative Inquiry ◽  
Marriage Education ◽  
Global North ◽  
Adult Lives

As global aging advances, the number of centenarians worldwide is greatly increasing.   Most of what is known about centenarians comes the Global North.  It is not clear what factors contribute to longevity of centenarians in impoverished, mostly rural areas of Global South nations that still lack basic amenities. Cultural differences in the profile, lifestyles, and needs of centenarians in Africa have yet to be documented. Using a case study design, this descriptive inquiry investigated the profiles of centenarians in Ethiopia including religion, marriage, education, occupation, income, and living arrangement. Data were generated through in-depth interviews with nine centenarians (1 woman, 8 men) and were analyzed using descriptive narrative analysis. Respondents were between 100 and 108 years old. All nine were adherents of Orthodox Christianity, had been married, and were great-grandparents. Their adult lives were marked by both residential and marital stability. The Ethiopian centenarians persevered through many losses and hardships with the help of strong community-based social networks.. Unlike studies of centenarians in the Global North, most respondents were male and had strict religious upbringings. Understanding the unique profiles of centenarians in the Global South will help to inform research and practice with this growing population of the oldest-old.

scholarly journals Examining the Conflicting Relationship between U.S. National Parks and Host Communities: Understanding a Community’s Diverging Perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Lee ◽  
David Matarrita-Cascante ◽  
Ying Xu ◽  
Michael Schuett
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Park Management ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Community Stakeholders ◽  
Complex Relationships

The growing importance of participatory and collaborative approaches in resource management has resulted in an increased emphasis on identifying the complex relationships between natural national parks and neighboring rural communities. Given the limited number of studies dealing with parks beyond rural areas, our exploratory case study examines how conflict stemming from diverse community stakeholders’ perspectives and values in regard to the San Antonio Missions National Historical Park influences their involvement and attitudes toward park management. Thirty-two interviews were conducted and analyzed using a content-analysis methodology. Guided by the Progress Triangle conflict management framework, each stakeholder’s views, interests, and aspirations associated with the missions were organized according to the framework’s three dimensions: Substance, procedure, and relationship. The study findings discussed how stakeholders’ varying perspectives regarding cultural resources influenced their interactions with urban historical national parks and their attitudes toward park management. Furthermore, how stakeholders can reconcile their differences through a collaborative approach for better park management was discussed.

scholarly journals Food Security and Climate Change: Differences in Impacts and Adaptation Strategies for Rural Communities in the Global South and North

2022 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhashni Raj ◽  
Sam Roodbar ◽  
Catherine Brinkley ◽  
David Walter Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United States ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global North

This research highlights the mismatch between food security and climate adaptation literature and practice in the Global North and South by focusing on nested case studies in rural India and the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. The United States is one of the wealthiest countries in the world, but also has one of the largest wealth gaps. Comparatively, India has one of the largest populations of food insecure people. To demonstrate how adaptive food security approaches to climate change will differ, we first review the unique climate, agricultural, demographic, and socio-economic features; and then compare challenges and solutions to food security posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. While both countries rely on rural, low-income farmworkers to produce food, the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted how agricultural and food security policies differ in their influence on both food insecurity and global hunger alike. Emphasis on agricultural production in developing regions where a majority of individuals living in rural areas are smallholder subsistence farmers will benefit the majority of the population in terms of both poverty alleviation and food production. In the Global North, an emphasis on food access and availability is necessary because rural food insecure populations are often disconnected from food production.

scholarly journals Comments on national parks and future relations with neighbouring communities

Koedoe ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fourie
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Affirmative Action ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
Community Relations ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Joint Decision ◽  
Conservation History ◽  
Action Programme

Considering the success of South Africa's conservation history, the question is asked why this achievement has failed to impress the major portion of the South African population. Reasons for this failure are discussed and in order to rectify the situation, key strategies of the National Parks Board for addressing the problem are dealt with. The process of stereotyping and the role that it played in establishing an unequal experience of the conservation history is investigated. This is followed by arguments why conservation agencies should get involved in the development of rural communities. The ability of conservation areas to act as engines of development in rural areas is highlighted. The conclusion is drawn that neighbouring communities need to be involved in joint decision-making and shared responsibility, and it is suggested that this process should be handled in a dialogic way. Lastly a broad view of affirmative action is advanced, which will allow for meaningful integration of community relations with an affirmative action programme. Proposals are made for an affirmative action programme for the National Parks Board.

scholarly journals The geopolitics of South–South infrastructure development: Chinese-financed energy projects in the global South

Urban Studies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 1368-1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giles Mohan ◽  
May Tan-Mullins
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Global South ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Energy Projects ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
Global North ◽  
Chinese Banks

Debates around infrastructure tend to focus on the global North, yet in the global South demand for infrastructure is huge and we see new and emergent actors engaged in finance and construction; China being pre-eminent among them. China’s interests in the global South have grown apace over the past decade, especially in terms of accessing resources and securing infrastructure deals. The role of Chinese banks and State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in financing and building the projects reveals a blurring between geopolitical and commercial interests and processes. The article situates China’s entry into the global South as part of a geopolitics that is simultaneously geoeconomic and interrogates these issues through case studies of Chinese-backed projects in Ghana and Cambodia. These projects are spatially and politically complex, with China adopting a range of financing models – often including an element of resource swaps – in which bank finance is critical and marks the Chinese as different from Western financiers. These international deals are secured at the political elite level and so bypass established forms of national governance and accountability in the recipient countries, while the turnkey construction projects remain locally enclaved. The cases also show that wider developmental benefits are limited, with ‘ordinary’ citizens – especially those in the rural areas – gaining relatively little from these major energy projects and the benefits accruing to urban-based elites.

scholarly journals Centenarians in the Global South: A View from Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 831-831
Author(s):  
Samson Chane ◽  
Margaret Adamek
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Global South ◽  
Marital Stability ◽  
Marriage Education ◽  
Global North ◽  
Adult Lives

Abstract As global aging advances, the number of centenarians worldwide is greatly increasing. Most of what is known about centenarians comes the Global North. It is not clear what factors contribute to longevity of centenarians in impoverished, mostly rural areas of Global South nations that still lack basic amenities. Cultural differences in the profile, lifestyles, and needs of centenarians in Africa have yet to be documented. Using a case study design, this descriptive inquiry investigated the profiles of centenarians in Ethiopia including religion, marriage, education, occupation, income, and living arrangement. Data were generated through in-depth interviews with nine centenarians (1 woman, 8 men) and were analyzed using descriptive narrative analysis. Respondents were between 100 and 108 years old. All nine were adherents of Orthodox Christianity, had been married, and were great-grandparents. Their adult lives were marked by both residential and marital stability. The Ethiopian centenarians persevered through many losses and hardships with the help of strong community-based social networks. Unlike studies of centenarians in the Global North, most respondents were male and had strict religious upbringings. Understanding the unique profiles of centenarians in the Global South will help to inform research and practice with this growing population of the oldest-old.

Re-organizing Peasant Labour for Local Resilience in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sit Tsui ◽  
Erebus Wong ◽  
Lau Kin Chi ◽  
Wen Tiejun
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Global South ◽  
Domestic Investment ◽  
Political Upheaval ◽  
Local Resilience ◽  
Basic Infrastructure

The recurrent crises of financial capitalism that has erupted within core countries have resulted in a double cost-transfer to countries in the Global South in conditions where the South suffers from political upheaval, economic down turns and social unrest. Encountering the challenges of global financialization and de-industrialization, the Global South needs to strengthen national sovereignty over common resources and enhance its capability of reorganizing the labour force, in order to protect the livelihood of the majority. Other than the usual approach of providing more urban jobs, an alternative more socially and culturally beneficial to society in the long term is to enhance local resilience against globalization and reactivate rural communities to promote jobs as well as reincorporate young people. Though the Chinese government’s central policy of ‘New Socialist Countryside’ attempts to absorb the crises of overproduction and unemployment through large scale domestic investment in basic infrastructure and social welfare in rural areas, it does not necessarily strengthen local resilience. Local resilience evolves through initiatives from below for social transformation through self-organization, popular participation, reciprocity and ecological practices.

Oceans and Landless Farms: Linking Southern and Northern Shadow Places of Industrial Livestock (1954–1975)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floor Haalboom
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Global South ◽  
Humboldt Current ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Boom And Bust ◽  
History Of ◽  
Global North

This article argues for more extensive attention by environmental historians to the role of agriculture and animals in twentieth-century industrialisation and globalisation. To contribute to this aim, this article focuses on the animal feed that enabled the rise of ‘factory farming’ and its ‘shadow places’, by analysing the history of fishmeal. The article links the story of feeding fish to pigs and chickens in one country in the global north (the Netherlands), to that of fishmeal producing countries in the global south (Peru, Chile and Angola in particular) from 1954 to 1975. Analysis of new source material about fishmeal consumption from this period shows that it saw a shift to fishmeal production in the global south rather than the global north, and a boom and bust in the global supply of fishmeal in general and its use in Dutch pigs and poultry farms in particular. Moreover, in different ways, the ocean, and production and consumption places of fishmeal functioned as shadow places of this commodity. The public health, ecological and social impacts of fishmeal – which were a consequence of its cheapness as a feed ingredient – were largely invisible on the other side of the world, until changes in the marine ecosystem of the Pacific Humboldt Current and the large fishmeal crisis of 1972–1973 suddenly changed this.

TURNING FARMERS INTO SOCIAL FARMER ENTREPRENEURS FOR DISADVANTAGED PEOPLE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remus Runcan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Development Programme ◽  
Rural And Urban

According to Romania’s National Rural Development Programme, the socio-economic situation of the rural environment has a large number of weaknesses – among which low access to financial resources for small entrepreneurs and new business initiatives in rural areas and poorly developed entrepreneurial culture, characterized by a lack of basic managerial knowledge – but also a large number of opportunities – among which access of the rural population to lifelong learning and entrepreneurial skills development programmes and entrepreneurs’ access to financial instruments. The population in rural areas depends mainly on agricultural activities which give them subsistence living conditions. The gap between rural and urban areas is due to low income levels and employment rates, hence the need to obtain additional income for the population employed in subsistence and semi-subsistence farming, especially in the context of the depopulation trend. At the same time, the need to stimulate entrepreneurship in rural areas is high and is at a resonance with the need to increase the potential of rural communities from the perspective of landscape, culture, traditional activities and local resources. A solution could be to turn vegetal and / or animal farms into social farms – farms on which people with disabilities (but also adolescents and young people with anxiety, depression, self-harm, suicide, and alexithymia issues) might find a “foster” family, bed and meals in a natural, healthy environment, and share the farm’s activities with the farmer and the farmer’s family: “committing to a regular day / days and times for a mutually agreed period involves complying with any required health and safety practices (including use of protective clothing and equipment), engaging socially with the farm family members and other people working on and around the farm, and taking on tasks which would include working on the land, taking care of animals, or helping out with maintenance and other physical work”

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