Erratum: Effect of epitendinous suture caliber on the tensile strength of repaired canine flexor tendons

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (7) ◽  
pp. 588-588
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Flexor Tendons

Helical 6-Strand Cruciate Tenorrhaphy: Description of a New Technique and Biomechanical Comparative Analysis With 2 Standard Techniques

Hand ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 155894471989713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Torres Fuentes ◽  
Francisco Sebastián Carvajal Flechas ◽  
Julián Andrés Hernández ◽  
Juan Sebastián Abaunza Ubaque ◽  
Dayana Beatriz Carmona García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Tendon Repair ◽  
Early Mobilization ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Biomechanical Study ◽  
Flexor Tendons ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Standard Techniques

Background: Multiple flexor tendon repair techniques have been developed over the last years. Despite all this, there is no standard technique that has proven to be superior to others, leading to great variability in the use of techniques in surgical practice. We describe a novel tendon repair technique and compare its biomechanical characteristics with 2 conventional techniques. Methods: Comparative experimental biomechanical study in ex vivo animal models. In all, 66 deep flexor tendons of the pig’s front legs were taken and it’s repair was performed by 1 of 3 techniques (helical 6-strand cruciate tendon repair, Adelaide tendon repair, or modified Kessler). These repairs were subjected to biomechanical study, measuring, and registering the ultimate tensile strength, load to 2-mm gap force, and stiffness. Results: The helical 6-strand cruciate tenorrhaphy compared with the Adelaide and modified Kessler techniques carries statistically significant greater ultimate tensile strength before failure (65.5, 46, and 36 N, respectively, P < .001). It also required a greater load to 2-mm gap force and is less stiff, allowing greater strain before failure. This technique does not generate significant changes in the dimensions of the tendons compared to the others, and there was no significant difference in the strength of repair between surgeons. Conclusions: The helical 6-strand cruciate tenorrhaphy is a novel technique, useful for the repair of flexor tendons in the hand that holds up the necessary forces to initiate early mobilization in the postoperative period and has better biomechanical properties than 2 standard techniques.

Early Breaking Strength of Repaired Flexor Tendon Treated with 5-Fluorouracil

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. CEROVAC ◽  
A. AFOKE ◽  
A. AKALI ◽  
D. A. McGROUTHER
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Adhesion Formation ◽  
Flexor Tendons ◽  
And Control

This study investigated the effect of a single intraoperative application of 5-fluorouracil, which may diminish peritendinous adhesion formation, on the tensile strength of repaired digital flexor tendons after 7, 14 and 21 days of healing. Twenty-seven deep flexor tendons from 14 rabbits were exposed to 5-fluorouracil (50 mg/ml) for 5 minutes immediately after repair whereas matched control tendons were exposed to normal saline. Tensile testing at 7, 14 and 21 days revealed no significant differences in the gap or ultimate strengths of the 5-fluorouracil treated and control tendons.

Effect of Suture Knots on Tensile Strength of Repaired Canine Flexor Tendons

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. AOKI ◽  
D. L. PRUITT ◽  
H. KUBOTA ◽  
P. R. MANSKE
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Tendon Repair ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Profundus ◽  
Repair Site ◽  
Flexor Tendons ◽  
The One ◽  
Flexor Digitorum

59 dog cadaver flexor digitorum profundus tendons were repaired with one or two knots inside or outside the tendon, using two, four and six suture strands. The ultimate tensile strength and gap strengths were compared. Locating the knots outside rather than within the tendon repair site showed significantly higher ultimate tensile strength for two, four, and six strand sutures. The strength was greater in one knot than in two knot sutures; the value of the six-strand suture using the one knot outside technique was the greatest. Similarly, increased gap strength was also obtained from the one-knot-outside technique. We concluded that the knots should be located away from the tendon repair site and there should be as few as possible.

scholarly journals A Horse of a Different Color?: Tensile Strength and Elasticity of Sloth Flexor Tendons

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A M Mossor ◽  
B L Austin ◽  
J A Avey-Arroyo ◽  
M T Butcher
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Flexor Tendons ◽  
Tensile Forces ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Bradypus Variegatus ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Muscle Contractile ◽  
Tendon Collagen

Abstract Tendons must be able to withstand the tensile forces generated by muscles to provide support while avoiding failure. The properties of tendons in mammal limbs must therefore be appropriate to accommodate a range of locomotor habits and posture. Tendon collagen composition provides resistance to loading that contributes to tissue strength which could, however, be modified to not exclusively confer large strength and stiffness for elastic energy storage/recovery. For example, sloths are nearly obligate suspenders and cannot run, and due to their combined low metabolic rate, body temperature, and rate of digestion, they have an extreme need to conserve energy. It is possible that sloths have a tendon “suspensory apparatus” functionally analogous to that in upright ungulates, thus allowing for largely passive support of their body weight below-branch, while concurrently minimizing muscle contractile energy expenditure. The digital flexor tendons from the fore- and hindlimbs of two-toed (Choloepus hoffmanni) and three-toed (Bradypus variegatus) sloths were loaded in tension until failure to test this hypothesis. Overall, tensile strength and elastic (Young’s) modulus of sloth tendons were low, and these material properties were remarkably similar to those of equine suspensory “ligaments.” The results also help explain previous findings in sloths showing relatively low levels of muscle activation in the digital flexors during postural suspension and suspensory walking.

The strengths of one-, two-, and three-weave Pulvertaft tendon repairs

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1051-1054
Author(s):  
Abby Choke ◽  
Wong Yoke Rung ◽  
Duncan A. McGrouther ◽  
Hamid Rahmatullah Bin Abd Razak
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Flexor Tendons ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Tendon Elongation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tendon Grafts

We tested the tensile strength of the proximal juncture of tendon grafts with Pulvertaft tendon repairs in 18 cadaveric digital flexor tendons. These tendons were divided into three groups of six: single, two, or three weaves. Each of the interlacing weaves was secured with eight anchoring sutures. The specimens were loaded in a biomechanical tester until failure. The ultimate tensile strength did not show any significant differences across all three groups with statistical power of 0.77. The mean tendon elongation before repair failure showed significant difference at 10 mm (standard deviation (SD) 2), 16 mm (SD 3), and 15 mm (SD 3), respectively. All specimens failed by intra-tendinous pull-out of the weaves. We conclude that the two-weave Pulvertaft construct demonstrated comparable tensile strength to three weaves and tendon elongation was similar when two or three weaves were used.

Bioreactor optimization of tissue engineered rabbit flexor tendons in vivo

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Thorfinn ◽  
I. K. Angelidis ◽  
L. Gigliello ◽  
H. M. Pham ◽  
D. Lindsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Cyclic Strain ◽  
Flexor Tendons ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Zone Ii

Tissue-engineered rabbit flexor tendons reseeded with cells are stronger in vitro after culture in a bioreactor. It is not known whether this effect persists in vivo. Tenocytes from New Zealand white rabbits were seeded onto rabbit rear paw flexor tendons that were deprived of cells and exposed to cyclic strain in a bioreactor. Reseeded constructs that were kept unloaded in a medium for 5 days were used as controls. The tendons were implanted to bridge a zone II defect in the rabbit. After explantation 4 weeks later, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elastic modulus (EM) were determined. Tendon constructs that were exposed to cyclic strain had significantly improved UTS and EM. Histology showed that cellularity was increased in the bioreactor tendons.

The tensile strength of various peripheral circumferential repair techniques in canine flexor tendons

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideaki Kubota ◽  
Mitsuhiro Aoki ◽  
Donald L. Pruitt ◽  
Paul R. Manske ◽  
Yoichi Sugioka
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Flexor Tendons ◽  
Repair Techniques

An Exploratory Study Using Semi-Tabular Plate in Zone II Flexor Tendon Repair

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (04) ◽  
pp. 547-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoke-Rung Wong ◽  
Ita Suzana Mat Jais ◽  
Min-Kai Chang ◽  
Beng-Hai Lim ◽  
Shian-Chao Tay
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Tendon Repair ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Profundus ◽  
Flexor Tendon Repair ◽  
Flexor Tendons ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Zone Ii

Background: This study evaluated the feasibility of using a low-profile titanium (Ti) plate implant, also known as the Ti-button, for Zone II flexor tendon repair. We hypothesize that the use of the Ti-button can distribute the tensile force on the digital flexor tendons to achieve better biomechanical performance. Methods: Twenty lacerated porcine flexor tendons were randomly divided into two groups and repaired using Ti-button or 6-strand modified Lim-Tsai technique. Ultimate tensile strength, load to 2 mm gap force, and mode of failure were recorded during a single cycle loading test. We also harvested twelve fingers with lacerated flexor digitorum profundus tendons from six fresh-frozen cadaver hands and repaired the tendons using either Ti-button method or modified Lim-Tsai technique. A custom-made bio-friction measurement jig was used to measure the gliding resistance and coefficient of friction of the tendon sheath interface at the A2 pulley. Results: The ultimate tensile strength, load to 2 mm gap force, stiffness, and gliding resistance of the Ti-button repairs were 101.5 N, 25.7 N, 7.8 N/mm, and 2.2 N respectively. Ti-button repairs had significantly higher ultimate tensile strength and stiffness than the modified Lim-Tsai repair. However, Ti-button also increased the gliding resistance and coefficient of friction but there was no significant difference between the two repair techniques. Conclusions: Ti-button repair displayed comparable mechanical properties to the traditional repair in terms of 2-mm gap formation and gliding resistance, but with a stronger repair construct. Thus, this deepened our interest to further investigate the potential of using Ti-button implant in Zone II flexor tendon repair by studying both the mechanical and biochemical (tendon healing) properties in more in-depth.

Effect of epitendinous suture caliber on the tensile strength of repaired canine flexor tendons

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 510-515
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Duffy ◽  
Yi-Jen Chang ◽  
Matthew B. Fisher ◽  
Aidan R. Chambers ◽  
George E. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Flexor Tendons
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