Determination of plasma osmolality and agreement between measured and calculated values in healthy adult Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis)

2009 ◽  
Vol 235 (5) ◽  
pp. 579-579
Author(s):  
Mark J. Acierno ◽  
Mark A. Mitchell ◽  
Diana M. Freeman ◽  
Patricia J. Schuster ◽  
David Sanchez-Migallon Guzman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Plasma Osmolality

scholarly journals The Determination of Sphenoid Sinus Dimensions in Turkish Healthy Adult Subjects: An MRI Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Fatma Yasemin Öksüzler ◽  
Sema Polat ◽  
Mahmut Öksüzler ◽  
Ayse Gül Uygur ◽  
Ahmet Hilmi Yücel
Keyword(s):  
Sphenoid Sinus ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Mri Study

scholarly journals Effects of Dexamethasone, Metoclopramide or Acepromazine on Emesis in Cats Sedated with Xylazine Hydrochloride

2006 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Topal ◽  
N. Y. Gül
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Prior Treatment ◽  
Emetic Episode ◽  
Antiemetic Efficacy ◽  
Prophylactic Administration ◽  
Saline Treatment ◽  
Adult Cats

This study was designed to determine antiemetic efficacy of prophylactic administration of dexamethasone, metoclopramide or acepromazine and their influence on sedation in cats sedated with xylazine hydrochloride. Ten healthy adult cats (5 males and 5 females) were used. The prophylactic antiemetic effects of dexamethasone (4 mg/kg of body weight, IM), metoclopramide (0.4 mg/kg of body weight, IM), acepromazine (0.1 mg/kg of body weight, IM) or saline (0.9% NaCI) solution (0.1 ml/kg, IM) administered 1 hour before administration of xylazine hydrochloride (2 mg/kg, IM) was evaluated. Initially, the cats were given saline treatment (day 0); sequentially they were given dexamethasone, metoclopramide or acepromazine at 1 week intervals. After a xylazine injection, all cats were observed for 90 minutes for the assesment of frequency of emesis, and the time until the onset of the first emetic episode, and the determination of xylazine-induced sedation time. Prior treatment with 4 mg/kg of dexamethasone significantly reduced the frequency of emetic episodes but no alteration was observed in the time until the onset of the first emetic episode after the xylazine injection. Metoclopramide and acepromazine did not alter the frequency of emetic episodes but metoclopramide significantly prolonged the onset of the first emetic episode. Dexamethasone (4 mg/kg, IM) significantly decreased the frequency of emetic episodes without affecting the time until the onset of the first emetic episode, xylazine-induced sedation in cats.

scholarly journals Intraocular pressure following 18 hours of systemic dehydration in ocular normotensive healthy subjects

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faustina K. Idu ◽  
Gladys O. George ◽  
Leonard F.O. Obika
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Baseline Measurement ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Applanation Tonometer ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean

Aim: To investigate the effect of dehydration on intraocular pressure (IOP). Subjects: The study population comprised 50 subjects (27 men and 23 women) with a mean age of 42.84 ± 2.64 years.Method: The subjects dehydrated for 18 hours. IOP was assessed in both eyes using the Perkins handheld applanation tonometer. Baseline measurement of IOP was taken before the subjects dehydrated for 18 hours and repeated after dehydration. Blood samples were taken before and after dehydration for the determination of plasma osmolality and plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH) concentrations.Results: A statistically significant (p < 0.001) reduction in the mean weight of subjects occurred after dehydration. There was a significant reduction in IOP from 16.68 mmHg ± 0.32 mmHg to 13.08 mmHg ± 0.31 mmHg after dehydration (p < 0.001). Mean plasma osmolality showed a statistically significant increase (p < 0.05) from baseline of 290.02 mOsmol/kg ± 1.25 mOsmol/kg to 294.96 mOsmol/kg ± 1.33 mOsmol/kg after dehydration. There was also a significant increase (p < 0.05) in mean plasma ADH concentration from 5.36 pg/mL ± 0.21 pg/mL to 6.40 pg/mL ± 0.20 pg/mL after dehydration. There were no significant differences in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures before and after dehydration.Conclusion: Dehydration decreases IOP in healthy humans; this decrease probably results from an increase in plasma osmolality and plasma ADH concentrations.

scholarly journals Effect of Calsporin® (Bacillus subtilisC-3102) addition to the diet on faecal quality and nutrient digestibility in healthy adult dogs

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Schauf ◽  
N. Nakamura ◽  
C. Castrillo
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Food Supplementation ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Gut Health

SummaryThis study evaluated the effect ofBacillus subtilisC-3102 (Calsporin®) addition to the diet on faecal characteristics and nutrient digestibility in healthy adult dogs. Sixteen Beagles received either a low-energy control diet (CON; 3.35 Mcal metabolisable energy (ME)/kg with 21.8, 27.9, and 50.3% ME as protein, fat, and nitrogen-free extractives (NFE), respectively) or the same diet supplemented withBacillus subtilisat 1 × 109CFU/kg diet as probiotic (PRO) for four weeks in a parallel design (eight dogs per diet). In the prior two weeks, all dogs received a high-energy diet (Advance Medium Adult, Affinity Petcare®, 3.81 Mcal ME/kg ME with 24.8, 41.2, and 34% ME protein, fat, and NFE, respectively). Faecal consistency, dry matter (DM), pH, and NH3were analysed on fresh samples collected at the start and weekly throughout the study. Additional samples were collected for the determination of lactate and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) on days 0 and 21. In week four, a five–day total faecal collection was conducted in six dogs from each diet for the determination of nutrient apparent digestibility. Dogs fed the PRO diet had more firm faeces (P = 0.011) than control dogs and a higher faecal DM content in the first two weeks (P < 0.05). Feeding the PRO diet resulted in a decline in NH3over four weeks (P = 0.05) and in faecal pH in the first two weeks (P < 0.05) alongside an increase in SCFA content (P = 0.044), mainly acetate (P = 0.024). Faecal lactate did not differ between diets (P > 0.10). Dogs fed the PRO diet showed a higher apparent digestibility of fat (P = 0.031) and NFE (P = 0.038) compared to control dogs. Dog food supplementation with Calsporin®at 1 × 109CFU/kg improved faecal quality, enhanced fat and carbohydrate digestibility, and contributed to the gut health of dogs by reducing gut ammonia and increasing SCFA content.

A Suggested Method for the Prediction of the Oxidation Resistance of Low Density Lipoprotein by Determination of the Lag Time

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Naghii
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Total Antioxidant

A simple clinical blood test, which measures the total antioxidant status of Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and therefore its vulnerability to oxidative stress is suggested, and as a first stage this was tried on a small sample of eight healthy adult males. The body's natural defence and repair systems try to handle all free radicals, but these systems are not hundred percent effective. Thereby, the role of antioxidants (particularly natural antioxidants) becomes evident and vitamins such as Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and compounds like beta-carotene are under especially extensive study. Vitamin C is the most abundant water-soluble antioxidant acting in extracellular fluid, while Vitamin E is the most abundant fat-soluble antioxidant, and it protects the polyunsaturated fatty acids within the LDL from oxidation and helps to prevent the process of atherogenesis. The determination of ‘lag-phase’ during continuous monitoring of oxidation of LDL in vitro is a convenient and objective procedure for determining the susceptibility of LDL from different donors towards oxidation as well as of pro- and anti-oxidants. The Lag-time for LDL samples, obtained from eight healthy adult males was found to be between 40–50 minutes. The measurement of this Lag-phase could be a highly promising routine method for measuring the total antioxidant status of LDL.

scholarly journals Exendin-4 effects on islet volume and number in mouse pancreas

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Layasadat Khorsandi ◽  
Fereshteh Nejad-Dehbashi
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Mouse Pancreas ◽  
Islet Mass ◽  
Final Injection ◽  
Islet Volume ◽  
Healthy Adult Male ◽  
Pancreas Volume

The aim of this study was to evaluate Exendin-4 (EX-4) effects on islet volume and number in the mouse pancreas. Thirty-two healthy adult male NMRI mice were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. EX-4 was injected intraperitoneally (i. p.) at doses of 0.25 (E1 group), 0.5 (E2 group), and 1 µg/kg (E3 group), twice a day for 7 consecutive days. One day after the final injection, the mice were sacrificed, and the pancreas from each animal dissected out, weighed, and fixed in 10% formalin for measurement of pancreas and islet volume, and determination of islet number by stereological assessments. There was a significant increase in the weight of pancreases in the E3 group. Islet and pancreas volumes in E1 and E2 groups were unchanged compared to the control group. The E3 group showed a significant increase in islet and pancreas volume (P < 0.05). There were no significant changes in the total number of islets in all three experimental groups. The results revealed that EX-4 increased pancreas and islet volume in non-diabetic mice. The increased total islet mass is probably caused by islet hypertrophy without the formation of additional islets.

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