scholarly journals Effect of Calsporin® (Bacillus subtilisC-3102) addition to the diet on faecal quality and nutrient digestibility in healthy adult dogs

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Schauf ◽  
N. Nakamura ◽  
C. Castrillo
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Food Supplementation ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Gut Health

SummaryThis study evaluated the effect ofBacillus subtilisC-3102 (Calsporin®) addition to the diet on faecal characteristics and nutrient digestibility in healthy adult dogs. Sixteen Beagles received either a low-energy control diet (CON; 3.35 Mcal metabolisable energy (ME)/kg with 21.8, 27.9, and 50.3% ME as protein, fat, and nitrogen-free extractives (NFE), respectively) or the same diet supplemented withBacillus subtilisat 1 × 109CFU/kg diet as probiotic (PRO) for four weeks in a parallel design (eight dogs per diet). In the prior two weeks, all dogs received a high-energy diet (Advance Medium Adult, Affinity Petcare®, 3.81 Mcal ME/kg ME with 24.8, 41.2, and 34% ME protein, fat, and NFE, respectively). Faecal consistency, dry matter (DM), pH, and NH3were analysed on fresh samples collected at the start and weekly throughout the study. Additional samples were collected for the determination of lactate and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) on days 0 and 21. In week four, a five–day total faecal collection was conducted in six dogs from each diet for the determination of nutrient apparent digestibility. Dogs fed the PRO diet had more firm faeces (P = 0.011) than control dogs and a higher faecal DM content in the first two weeks (P < 0.05). Feeding the PRO diet resulted in a decline in NH3over four weeks (P = 0.05) and in faecal pH in the first two weeks (P < 0.05) alongside an increase in SCFA content (P = 0.044), mainly acetate (P = 0.024). Faecal lactate did not differ between diets (P > 0.10). Dogs fed the PRO diet showed a higher apparent digestibility of fat (P = 0.031) and NFE (P = 0.038) compared to control dogs. Dog food supplementation with Calsporin®at 1 × 109CFU/kg improved faecal quality, enhanced fat and carbohydrate digestibility, and contributed to the gut health of dogs by reducing gut ammonia and increasing SCFA content.

Effect of dietary probiotic, antibiotic or combination on broiler performance, cecum microbial population and ileal development

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Ahmed Elbaz ◽  
Said El-sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Performance

Objective: To investigate the effect of antibiotics and/or probiotics on broiler performance, some serum metabolites, cecum microflora composition, and ileum histomorphology under the Egyptian conditions. Design: Randomized controlled experimental study. Animals: Two hundred forty 1-day-old Ross (308) chicks were reared till 35 days of age. Procedures: The birds were randomly allocated into four main groups: a control diet without additives (CON); probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus) supplemented diet (PRO); antibiotic (Avilamycin) supplemented diet (ANT) and a mix group (AP) that received antibiotic in the diet form 1 to 4 days of age and treated during the rest of the experimental period with probiotics. Results: Chickens fed on probiotic or antibiotic diets had linear improvement in live body weight (LBW) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with the control group, while the best LBW and FCR were in the AP group. An improvement in the nutrient digestibility was observed in the probiotic added groups (PRO and AP). Serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol contents decreased when antimicrobial (probiotic or antibiotic) supplementations were used, while there was an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol contents, serum total protein, and albumin levels. Among all groups, cecum Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli counts decreased; however, there was an increase in Lactobacillus count compared to the control group. In probiotic supplemented groups (PRO and AP), a significant (P<0.05) improvement in ilea architecture. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Using probiotic after initial treatment with an antibiotic in broiler diets had a positive effect on broiler growth performance, gut health (improved cecum microbial populations and ileum histomorphology), and nutrient digestibility.

scholarly journals Changes in mouse gastrointestinal microbial ecology with ingestion of kale

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Uyeno ◽  
S. Katayama ◽  
S. Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Ecology ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Major Fraction ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Bacterial Groups

Kale, a cultivar of Brassica oleracea, has attracted a great deal of attention because of its health-promoting effects, which are thought to be exerted through modulation of the intestinal microbiota. The present study was performed to investigate the effects of kale ingestion on the gastrointestinal microbial ecology of mice. 21 male C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups and housed in a specific pathogen-free facility. The animals were fed either a control diet or experimental diets supplemented with different commercial kale products for 12 weeks. Contents of the caecum and colon of the mice were processed for the determination of active bacterial populations by a bacterial rRNA-based quantification method and short-chain fatty acids by HPLC. rRNAs of Bacteroides-Prevotella, the Clostridium coccoides-Eubacterium rectale group, and Clostridium leptum subgroup constituted the major fraction of microbiota regardless of the composition of the diet. The ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes was higher in the colon samples of one of the kale diet groups than in the control. The colonic butyrate level was also higher with the kale-supplemented diet. Overall, the ingestion of kale tended to either increase or decrease the activity of specific bacterial groups in the mouse gastrointestinal tract, however, the effect might vary depending on the nutritional composition.

scholarly journals The Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Aflatoxin B1 Residue, and Histopathological Changes of Broilers Exposed to Dietary Mycosorb

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-172
Author(s):  
C L. Nalle ◽  
M. A. J. Supit ◽  
A. H. Angi ◽  
N. S. Yuliani
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Diet Control

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most dangerous type of aflatoxin that can impair poultry productivity even in low concentrations. The harmful effects of AFB1 should be minimized. The present study was conducted to evaluate the performance, nutrient digestibility, AFB1 residue, and histopathological changes of broilers fed AFB1 diets supplemented with mycosorb. Two hundred-forty 1-day old broiler chicks were allocated randomly to 24 pens (10 birds/pen). The experimental design was a 4 x 2 factorial arrangement, with AFB1 level and yeast glucomannan (mycosorb) supplementation as the main factors.  The treatment diets were control diet; control diet + mycosorb; AFB1 diets (10.36 ppb); AFB1 diets (10.36 ppb) + mycosorb; AFB1 diets (26.97 ppb); AFB1 diets (26.97 ppb) + mycosorb; AFB1 diets (61.06 ppb); AFB1 diets (61.06 ppb) + mycosorb. The results showed that there was no interaction effect was found between the level of AFB1 and mycosorb on the performance and nutrient digestibility. The level of AFB1 did not affect dry matter digestibility coefficient but affected (p<0.05) crude fat digestibility coefficient of broilers. Except for proventriculus, level of AFB1 did not affect bird’s gut size. AFB1 residue was not detected in the broiler tissues fed all diets. Mycosorb alone ameliorated (p<0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) of growing birds. The birds fed 61.06 ppb AFB1 diets had darker liver than those fed similar diets added with mycosorb. The addition of mycosorb in AFB1 diets did not heal the hemorrhagic intestines of the birds. In conclusion, feeding low level of AFB1 diets added with mycosorb did not improve the bird’s performance, nutrient digestibility, or gut health. Mycosorb alone improved feed efficiency of the experimental birds.

scholarly journals Dose-Dependent Effects of Dietary Xylooligosaccharides Supplementation on Microbiota, Fermentation and Metabolism in Healthy Adult Cats

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (21) ◽  
pp. 5030
Author(s):  
Yang Lyu ◽  
Sandra Debevere ◽  
Hermann Bourgeois ◽  
Mavis Ran ◽  
Bart J.G. Broeckx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Abundance ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Microbiome Profile ◽  
Adult Cats ◽  
Fecal Ph ◽  
Host Metabolism ◽  
Dose Dependent

In order to investigate the effect and appropriate dose of prebiotics, this study evaluated the effect of two levels of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) in cats. Twenty-four healthy adult cats were divided into three groups: no-XOS control diet with 1% cellulose; low XOS supplementation (LXOS) with 0.04% XOS and 0.96% cellulose; and high XOS supplementation (HXOS) with 0.40% XOS and 0.60% cellulose. Both XOS groups increased blood 3-hydroxybutyryl carnitine levels and decreased hexadecanedioyl carnitine levels. Both XOS treatments displayed an increased bacterial abundance of Blautia, Clostridium XI, and Collinsella and a decreased abundance of Megasphaera and Bifidobacterium. LXOS groups increased fecal pH and bacterial abundance of Streptococcus and Lactobacillus, decreased blood glutaryl carnitine concentration, and Catenibacterium abundance. HXOS group showed a more distinct microbiome profile and higher species richness, and an increased bacterial abundance of Subdoligranulum, Ruminococcaceae genus (unassigned genus), Erysipelotrichaceae genus, and Lachnospiraceae. Correlations between bacterial abundances and blood and fecal parameters were also observed. In conclusion, XOS could benefit feline gut health by altering microbiota; its effects dependant on the dose. The higher-dose XOS increased bacterial populations that possibly promoted intestinal fermentation, while the lower dose altered populations of carbohydrate-metabolic microbiota and possibly modulated host metabolism. Low-dose prebiotics may become a trend in future studies.

Altered fecal microbiota, IgA, and fermentative end-products in adult dogs fed prebiotics and a nonviable Lactobacillus acidophilus

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R Panasevich ◽  
Leighann Daristotle ◽  
Rebecca Quesnell ◽  
Gregory A Reinhart ◽  
Nolan Z Frantz
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
End Products ◽  
Fecal Ph

Abstract A study investigating the use of a nonviable Lactobacillus acidophilus (NVL: Culbac; TransAgra, Storm Lake, IA) and a mixed prebiotic (MP) blend (beet pulp, fructooligosaccharide (FOS), mannanoligosaccharide (MOS), inulin, and kelp) was done to evaluate changes in fecal microbiota, fermentative end products, and gut immune health in healthy female and male adult Beagle dogs (n = 24; 5.74 ± 2.18 yr; 9.30 ± 1.32 kg). The study protocol was first approved by the facility’s Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (Summit Ridge Farms; Susquehanna, PA) and followed throughout. Each of four test diets (control, NVL, MP, and MP + NVL [formulated to crude protein 25%, crude fat 14%, crude fiber 10% as-fed]) was fed once daily to maintain body weight for 21 d in a randomized-crossover design (four treatment periods and four washout periods). Fecal samples were collected on days 0 and 21 only for immunoglobulin A (IgA) and microbiota evaluation (16S rRNA V4 region and qPCR for Escherichia coli and Bifidobacterium), and fecal fermentative end-products and fecal pH were assessed only on day 21. Over the test periods, apparent total tract nutrient digestibility and stool quality were assessed. Data were analyzed by ANOVA (SAS v9.4, Cary, NC) or Kruskal–Wallis for between-diet effects, and paired t-test or Wilcoxon for time effects. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Apparent total tract nutrient digestibility revealed feeding MP-containing diets resulted in lower (P &lt; 0.05) crude protein and fat digestibility vs. control and NVL diets. When dogs were fed MP, they had lower (P &lt; 0.05) fecal pH compared with control and NVL diets, whereas fecal pH was lower in (P &lt; 0.05) MP + NVL- vs. NVL-fed dogs. Fecal E. coli was (P &lt; 0.05) lower at day 21 vs. day 0 when dogs were fed MP. Fecal Fusobacterium spp. was lower (P &lt; 0.05) in both MP diets vs. control. Fecal Lactobacillus spp. increased (P &lt; 0.05) from baseline with MP. Both diets with MP elicited greater (P &lt; 0.05) fecal acetate and propionate concentration vs. control diet. At day 21, fecal IgA was greater (P &lt; 0.05) in MP and MP + NVL compared with NVL diet. Only when dogs were fed MP did they have increased (P &lt; 0.05) fecal IgA from day 21 vs. day 0. The MP + NVL diet decreased (P &lt; 0.05) fecal isovalerate, isobutyrate, phenol, and indole vs. control. Overall, the MP elicited the most changes on microbiota, fermentative end-products, and IgA. Further investigation into NVL’s gut health benefits is warranted.

Performance, nutrient digestibility and selected gut health parameters of broilers fed with black soldier fly, lesser mealworm and yellow mealworm

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
M.E. Van der Heide ◽  
J.V. Nørgaard ◽  
R.M. Engberg
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Yellow Mealworm ◽  
Lesser Mealworm ◽  
Health Parameters

This study aimed to investigate the effect of feeding three types of insect meal on broilers’ performance and selected gut health parameters. Day-old straight-run Ross 308 broilers (n=600) were group housed in 24 pens and fed diets containing 10% of either Tenebrio molitor (yellow mealworm, YMW), defatted Hermetia illucens (black soldier fly, BSF) or Alphitobius diaperinus (lesser mealworm, LMW), or a control (CTRL) diet for 35 days. Feed intake and gain were recorded at days 14, 28 and 35. On day 13, four broilers from each pen were placed in metabolic cages to determine apparent total tract digestibility after adaptation to 100% of one of three types of insect meal. Birds were killed, and intestinal content was collected on days 22 and 36 for determination of pH, selected groups of intestinal bacteria and short chain fatty acids (SCFA). Footpad lesions were scored on day 36. Birds fed LMW and YMW ate less than birds fed BSF or CTRL, but feed conversion ratio (FCR) was improved when birds were fed LMW. Dry matter digestibility was similar among insects, but differences were observed in ash and fat digestibility and nitrogen retention in which the BSF meal gave the highest digestibility of these nutrients. Birds fed any type of insect meal diet had higher levels of Clostridium perfringens in caecal and ileal digesta. Footpad dermatitis severity was similar between CTRL and insect-supplemented diets. Total SCFA levels as well as butyrate in digesta of birds fed BSF was lower than the levels of these SCFA in the other treatments. The propionate concentrations in caecal and ileal digesta were high for all diets containing insect meal. In conclusion, gain was maintained when feeding BSF but not LMW and YMW due to lower feed intake. Insect meal did not affect indicators of broilers’ gut health.

Health and nutrition in sheep receiving Bacillus thuringiensis

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1119
Author(s):  
F. C. Campos ◽  
P. S. Corrêa ◽  
A. L. Abdalla Filho ◽  
J. Issakowicz ◽  
R. G. Monnerat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Rumen Microorganisms ◽  
And Control

Performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, ruminal parameters, enteric methane (CH4) emission and blood parameters were studied in sheep receiving spores of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) in their diet. Twenty Santa Inês lambs (10 castrated males and 10 females) with 18.0 ± 3.50 kg initial bodyweight (BW) and 3 months of age were maintained in individual stalls in a completely randomised design. They were divided into two groups with five males and five females each (Bt 2036 group (n = 10) and control group (n = 10)). The animals of the Bt 2036 group received daily 2.5 × 106 spores of Bt 2036/kg BW and control animals received a placebo. The diet consisted of Tifton-85 (Cynodon spp.) hay ad libitum and 300 g/animal.day of concentrate mixture, which was adjusted according to growth requirements. During 53 days, animal performance was evaluated, with feed intake measured three times per week and lambs weighed fortnightly. Blood samples were taken every 15 days to evaluate hematological and biochemical parameters. Rumen fermentation was investigated in three stages (start, middle and end of the experimental period) using parameters such as pH, ammoniacal nitrogen, short chain fatty acids, and populations of Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, anaerobic fungi, methanogenic archaea and protozoa. At the end of the performance experiment, 18 lambs (Bt 2036 (n = 9), control (n = 9)) were selected for a digestibility trial, and placed in metabolic cages to estimate apparent nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance and microbial protein synthesis. Ten male (Bt 2036 (n = 5), control (n = 5)) lambs were used to evaluate CH4 production using the hexafluoride tracer technique. There was no effect (P &gt; 0.05) of Bt 2036 on any of the evaluated parameters. The daily addition of 2.5 × 106 spores/kg BW of Bt 2036 in the ruminant diet did not cause any negative effects on hematological traits or animal poisoning, nor did it interfere with fermentation by rumen microorganisms, apparent digestibility of nutrients or animal performance.

scholarly journals Effect of thyme essential oil on rumen parameters, nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen balance in wethers fed high concentrate diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 573-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.D.B. Ribeiro ◽  
M.V.C. Ferraz Junior ◽  
D.M. Polizel ◽  
A.A. Miszura ◽  
J.P.R. Barroso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Feedlot Lambs

ABSTRACT This trial aimed to evaluate the effects of thyme essential oils (EO) on rumen parameters, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance in wethers fed with high-concentrate diet. Twenty rumen-cannulated wethers were blocked according to body weight (BW= 64.0±2.1kg), and received one of the following treatments: 25mg of monensin/kg of dry matter (DM; MON) or doses of thyme EO (1.25, 2.50 or 3.75g/kg of DM). The diet was composed of 90% concentrate. Thyme EO was composed mainly by thymol (46.6% of DM) and p-cymene (38.9% of DM). The nutrient intake and apparent digestibility were similar among treatments. The inclusion of 3.75g of thyme EO tended (P= 0.07) to increase butyrate compared to MON and 1.25OE and wethers fed with 1.25g of thyme EO tended (P= 0.07) to decrease ruminal pH on the 14th day compared to MON. The treatments did not affect acetate:propionate ratio, total short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and nitrogen retention. Results from this study suggest that adding thyme EO to high-concentrate diets may be used as an alternative to monensin as feed additive in feedlot lambs.

scholarly journals Comparison of methods for determination of nutrient digestibility of a dry kibble diet for ocelots

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 71-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson L. de Carvalho ◽  
Vladimir de Oliveira ◽  
Wanderlei de Moraes ◽  
Zalmir S. Cubas ◽  
Alcides R. Rinaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Leopardus Pardalis ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Usual Diet

In this experiment, methods of total fecal collection (TFC) and internal markers (acid-insoluble ash - AIA, crude fiber - CF, and acid-detergent fiber - ADF) were compared for determination of the coefficients of apparent digestibility (CAD) for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), nitrogen-free extracts (NFE), and gross energy (GE) of commercial feline dry kibble for ocelots (Leopardus pardalis). Six adult animals, weighing 12.45±1.37 kg, gradually received experimental kibble in their usual diet until the beginning of the experiment and were submitted to an adaptation period ten days prior to the collection period. CAD obtained by TFC, AIA, CF, and ADF were, respectively, 73.7, 76.83, 62.01, and 46.03% for dry matter; 81.9, 84.8, 75.8, and 63.8% for crude protein; 85, 86.7, 78.5, and 69.1% for ether extract; 78.52, 79.55, 69.11, and 53.04% for nitrogen-free extracts; and 80.5, 82.2, 71.4, and 58.4% for gross energy. The AIA method showed to be efficient in determining coefficients of apparent digestibility and may contribute to investigations on the digestibility of diets for wild felines. In comparison to the items of ocelot's usual diet, the kibble used in this paper provided an adequate nutritional supply with reduced daily costs per animal.

scholarly journals Dietary supplementation of coated butyrate in healthy dogs: effect on apparent digestibility, faecal flora and faecal volatile fatty acids

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hesta ◽  
S. Arnouts ◽  
G.P.J. Janssens
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Faecal Flora ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Health Related

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of dietary addition of coated butyrate on gut health related faecal traits in dogs. A food with or without coated butyrate was tested in a crossover study with 17 dogs. Faecal samples were collected and frozen until analysis for proximate components. Fresh faecal samples were collected for bacterial culturing and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) analysis. The addition of coated butyrate to a dog diet had neither effect on faecal consistency score, dry matter content and faecal production nor on digestibility coefficients. Absolute and relative faecal contents of SCFA were not different for the two foods. The bacterial nitrogen (N) content of the faeces was significantly lower after butyrate addition compared to the control diet. In conclusion, the addition of butyrate to a dog food had no effect on faecal characteristics but the faecal bacterial protein content was significantly reduced by butyrate addition.

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