Neurobehavioral and Psychosocial Functioning of Women Exposed to High Altitude in Mountaineering

1988 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole A. Petiet ◽  
Brenda D. Townes ◽  
Robert J. Brooks ◽  
Joel H. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Mental Functioning ◽  
Word Finding ◽  
Self Assessments ◽  
Chronic Hypoxemia ◽  
And Behavior

The effects of chronic hypoxemia upon cognition and behavior were studied in women exposed to high altitude in mountaineering. Neuropsychological tests and psychosocial and physiological questionnaires were given to eight women before, during, and immediately after a Himalayan climb to 20,500 feet. Cognitive functioning remained relatively intact with only two significant decrements, complex abstract reasoning and word-finding ability. Significant changes were found on all psychosocial and physiological questionnaires. Feelings of acceptance of others and anxiety declined significantly. Physical symptoms were greatest during the first five days of ascent. Subjects' self-ratings of mental functioning were significantly better after the expedition than either before or during the climb. Self-assessments were correlated with emotions and physical symptoms, not with actual performances on the test battery. It is suggested that complex cognitive tasks and psychosocial functioning be studied in more detail as these were most influenced by exposure to high altitude in mountaineering.

scholarly journals Psychosocial impairment in offspring of depressed parents

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1493-1503 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER M. LEWINSOHN ◽  
THOMAS M. OLINO ◽  
DANIEL N. KLEIN
Keyword(s):  
Social Competence ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Paternal Depression ◽  
Diagnostic Interviews ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depressed Parents

Background. Offspring of depressed parents experience impairment in a number of domains of functioning. Few studies have examined the impact of both maternal and paternal depression and co-morbid psychopathology on offspring functioning.Method. Oregon Adolescent Depression Project participants were administered diagnostic interviews and completed measures of psychosocial functioning during adolescence (mean=16·6, S.D.=1·19) and again during young adulthood (mean=24·5, S.D.=0·51). Diagnostic interviews were also conducted with the mothers and fathers of the target individual.Results. After controlling for relevant demographic characteristics, parental co-morbid psychopathology, and offspring psychopathology, maternal depression was associated with higher levels of physical symptoms (β=0·14, S.E.=0·07) during adolescence, and higher levels of minor stressors (β=2·52, S.E.=1·07) and a greater risk for using mental health services (OR 1·86, 95% CI 1·14–3·03) in young adulthood. Paternal depression was associated with offspring experiencing more major stressors (β=0·27, S.E.=0·07), having lower perceived social competence (β=−0·17, S.E.=0·08), and being more likely to attempt suicide (OR 2·65, 95% CI 1·19–5·92) during adolescence, as well as lower perceived social competence (β=−1·21, S.E.=0·49) in young adulthood.Conclusions. Offspring of depressed parents demonstrate impairment in a variety of domains, even after controlling for the effects of their own psychopathology. Further research on the mechanisms that lead to these impairments, as well as the role of these impairments in the subsequent development of psychopathology, is warranted.

A Novel Application of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Psychosocial Problems Associated with Multiple Sclerosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 200-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean C. Sheppard ◽  
John P. Forsyth ◽  
Edward J. Hickling ◽  
JeanMarie Bianchi
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment Therapy ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Defusion ◽  
Commitment Therapy ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Action Strategies ◽  
And Behavior

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic degenerative disease of the central nervous system for which there is no known cure. The condition is associated with a range of physical, psychological, and emotional difficulties and often results in reduced quality of life (QOL). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is a newer cognitive-behavior therapy that balances 1) mindfulness and acceptance processes with 2) commitment and behavior change processes in the service of reducing suffering while fostering engagement in value-guided actions. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of a half-day ACT workshop focused on teaching mindful acceptance, cognitive defusion, and value-guided action strategies to a group of individuals (N = 15) with MS. The usefulness of the workshop was evaluated in terms of its impact over a 3-month follow-up period on indices of MS-related impairment, emotional distress, and QOL. The results were mixed, with significant improvements observed in the areas of depression, extent of thought suppression, impact of pain on behavior, and QOL but no change in extent of physical symptoms and mindfulness. These results are discussed broadly in terms of developing and improving brief ACT interventions for MS and other chronic illnesses.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in the State of Volitional Regulation among Various Ethnic Groups of the Russian Federation and the CIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-152
Author(s):  
V.N. Shlyapnikov
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Action Control ◽  
The State ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Social Self ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Self Assessments ◽  
And Behavior

The hypothesis about the relationship between masculinity of national culture and the severity of gender differences in the state of volitional regulation among its representatives is tested. Men and women were compared among representatives of masculine (Kabardin, Ossetian, Armenians, Tatars, Bashkirs, Tajiks) and feminine (Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Komi, Mari, Koreans, Tuvans, Jews) ethnic groups. In total, 1453 people aged 18 to 30 years participated in the study. To diagnose the state of volitional regulation of the respondents, the following methods were used: “Action-control scale” by Yu. Kuhl, “Questionnaire for revealing the expression of self-control in the emotional sphere, activity and behavior”, self-appraisals of volitional qualities. It is shown that in masculine cultures, men and women significantly differ in terms of the “Action-control scale”, the severity of emotional, behavioral and social self-control, as well as self-assessments of volitional qualities, while in feminine cultures there are practically no differences. Men demonstrate qualities associated with the implementation of intentions in action, and women demonstrate qualities associated with the organization of their activities in accordance with the requirements of society.

Randomized Trial of Coordinated Psychosocial Interventions Based on Patient Self-Assessments Versus Standard Care to Improve the Psychosocial Functioning of Patients With Cancer

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (21) ◽  
pp. 4117-4125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue-Anne McLachlan ◽  
Ann Allenby ◽  
Jane Matthews ◽  
Andrew Wirth ◽  
David Kissane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Health Care Team ◽  
Care Team ◽  
Satisfaction With Care ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Self Assessments

PURPOSE: To determine whether making patient-reported cancer needs, quality-of-life (QOL), and psychosocial information available to the health care team, allowing coordinated specifically targeted psychosocial interventions, resulted in reduced cancer needs, improved QOL, and increased satisfaction with care received. METHODS: Self-reported cancer needs, QOL, and psychosocial information was collected from 450 people with cancer, using standardized questionnaires via a touch-screen computer. For a randomly chosen two thirds, this information was made available to the health care team who coordinated targeted psychosocial interventions. Information from the remaining one third was not seen. Patients were assessed 2 and 6 months after randomization for changes in their cancer needs, QOL, and psychosocial functioning and satisfaction with overall care received. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the two arms with respect to changes in cancer needs, QOL, or psychosocial functioning between the baseline and follow-up assessments, nor with respect to satisfaction with care. However, for the subgroup of patients who were moderately or severely depressed at baseline, there was a significant reduction in depression for the intervention arm relative to the control arm at the 6-month assessment (P = .001). CONCLUSION: Making patient-reported cancer needs, QOL, and psychosocial data available to the health care team at a single consultation together with coordinated psychosocial interventions does not seem to reduce cancer needs nor improve QOL, psychosocial functioning, or satisfaction with the care received. However, identification of patients with moderate or severe levels of depression may be valuable in reducing subsequent levels of depression.

Clinical Aspects of Alzheimer Disease

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Knopman
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Word Finding ◽  
New Information ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽  
Common Etiology ◽  
And Behavior

The clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer disease (AD) has been well established, but there is a widespread misunderstanding about the relationship between dementia (a syndrome) and AD (a cause of dementia). AD is the most common etiology that causes dementia in mid- and late life. The prototypical clinical presentation is that of a gradually worsening problem with learning new information, that is, a short-term memory deficit, accompanied by cognitive impairment in other domains, including language, spatial cognition, and executive functioning, as well as changes in personality and behavior. A key element of the diagnosis of dementia is that daily functioning is impaired. The concept of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as the earliest symptomatic presentation of a dementing illness is now widely accepted. MCI due to AD typically presents with isolated problems with learning and memory without substantial loss of ability to function in daily life.  Less common variants of AD are now recognized and include a disorder in which spatial and visual cognitive dysfunction occurs or in which word-finding problems predominate at the onset of symptoms. Although AD as a cause of dementia is the most common among etiologies, AD often co-occurs with other neurodegenerative diseases and with cerebrovascular disease. The presence of multietiology dementia in which AD is a contributor is particularly common in the eighth decade of life and beyond.  Key words: Alzheimer disease, cognitive impairment, dementia, mild cognitive impairment

Clinical Aspects of Alzheimer Disease

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Knopman
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Word Finding ◽  
New Information ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽  
Common Etiology ◽  
And Behavior

The clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer disease (AD) has been well established, but there is a widespread misunderstanding about the relationship between dementia (a syndrome) and AD (a cause of dementia). AD is the most common etiology that causes dementia in mid- and late life. The prototypical clinical presentation is that of a gradually worsening problem with learning new information, that is, a short-term memory deficit, accompanied by cognitive impairment in other domains, including language, spatial cognition, and executive functioning, as well as changes in personality and behavior. A key element of the diagnosis of dementia is that daily functioning is impaired. The concept of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as the earliest symptomatic presentation of a dementing illness is now widely accepted. MCI due to AD typically presents with isolated problems with learning and memory without substantial loss of ability to function in daily life.  Less common variants of AD are now recognized and include a disorder in which spatial and visual cognitive dysfunction occurs or in which word-finding problems predominate at the onset of symptoms. Although AD as a cause of dementia is the most common among etiologies, AD often co-occurs with other neurodegenerative diseases and with cerebrovascular disease. The presence of multietiology dementia in which AD is a contributor is particularly common in the eighth decade of life and beyond.  Key words: Alzheimer disease, cognitive impairment, dementia, mild cognitive impairment

Clinical Aspects of Alzheimer Disease

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Knopman
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Word Finding ◽  
New Information ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽  
Common Etiology ◽  
And Behavior

The clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer disease (AD) has been well established, but there is a widespread misunderstanding about the relationship between dementia (a syndrome) and AD (a cause of dementia). AD is the most common etiology that causes dementia in mid- and late life. The prototypical clinical presentation is that of a gradually worsening problem with learning new information, that is, a short-term memory deficit, accompanied by cognitive impairment in other domains, including language, spatial cognition, and executive functioning, as well as changes in personality and behavior. A key element of the diagnosis of dementia is that daily functioning is impaired. The concept of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as the earliest symptomatic presentation of a dementing illness is now widely accepted. MCI due to AD typically presents with isolated problems with learning and memory without substantial loss of ability to function in daily life.  Less common variants of AD are now recognized and include a disorder in which spatial and visual cognitive dysfunction occurs or in which word-finding problems predominate at the onset of symptoms. Although AD as a cause of dementia is the most common among etiologies, AD often co-occurs with other neurodegenerative diseases and with cerebrovascular disease. The presence of multietiology dementia in which AD is a contributor is particularly common in the eighth decade of life and beyond.  Key words: Alzheimer disease, cognitive impairment, dementia, mild cognitive impairment

Patterns of Neuropsychological Functioning Among Patients With Multi-Infarct and Alzheimer's Dementia: A Comparative Analysis

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard J. Erker ◽  
H. Russell Searight ◽  
Patricia Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Neuropsychological Battery ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Memory Scale ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence

Cognitive and neuropsychological tests are often employed to help describe the functioning of patients with multi-infarct dementia (MID) or patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT). In this study, the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery (HRNB), Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R), and Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) were completed by 20 MID patients and 62 patients with DAT. Total scores on these measures did not differentiate DAT and MID patients. Contrary to clinical observations, cognitive tasks assessing social judgment did not differentiate between the groups. However, MID patients demonstrated greater variability in test scores. Compared with DAT patients, the MID patients demonstrated better preserved memory as shown on the WMS in comparison to the WAIS-R IQ.

scholarly journals Physical and Psychosocial Recovery in the Year After Primary Treatment of Breast Cancer

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1101-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Ganz ◽  
Lorna Kwan ◽  
Annette L. Stanton ◽  
Julienne E. Bower ◽  
Thomas R. Belin
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Breast Cancer Survivors ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Chemotherapy Treatment ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Purpose The 2000 National Institutes of Health Consensus Conference on Adjuvant Therapy of Breast Cancer recommended chemotherapy for all women with invasive cancer greater than 1 centimeter. Studies of long-term breast cancer survivors have found poorer quality of life (QOL) in women who received adjuvant chemotherapy. The aim of this article is to characterize physical and psychosocial recovery as a function of chemotherapy receipt in the year after medical treatment completion. Patients and Methods Prospective longitudinal survey data (RAND SF-36 and Breast Cancer Prevention Trial [BCPT] Symptom Scales) collected from 558 women with breast cancer enrolled on the Moving Beyond Cancer (MBC) psychoeducational intervention trial were compared according to receipt of chemotherapy. MBC study enrollment occurred within 4 weeks after the end of primary treatment (eg, surgery, chemotherapy, radiation). Self-report questionnaire data collected at enrollment and at 2, 6, and 12 months thereafter were examined, controlling for intervention and with propensity score adjustment for imbalance of covariates. Outcome analyses were carried out by fitting linear mixed models by using SAS PROC MIXED. Results Longitudinal SF-36 scale scores did not differ by chemotherapy treatment exposure, and both groups improved significantly (P < .01) in the year after primary treatment ended. However, adjuvant chemotherapy treatment was associated with significantly more severe physical symptoms, including musculoskeletal pain (P = .01), vaginal problems (P < .01), weight problems (P = .01), and nausea (P = .03). Conclusion Physical and psychosocial functioning improved significantly after breast cancer treatment, independent of receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy. Women who received chemotherapy experienced more severe and persistent physical symptoms that should be more effectively managed as part of survivorship care.

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