Induced Motion and the Visual Vertical: Effects of Frame Size

1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1443-1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice N. Brooks ◽  
Michael F. Sherrick
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Orientation ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Frame Size ◽  
Frame Effect ◽  
Visual Vertical ◽  
Induced Motion ◽  
Perceived Motion ◽  
Extensive Involvement ◽  
Rod And Frame

Induced visual motion and the rod-and-frame effect have both been explained in terms of changes in the observer's spatial orientation. Accordingly, we examined the effects of large and small visual frames on the two phenomena in the present experiment, testing 8 male and 8 female undergraduates. During induced motion, subjects noted the perceived motion of a stationary central point of light and then moved this light back to its apparent original location. For the visual vertical, subjects aligned two points of light to indicate the perceived vertical in the presence of straight and tilted frames. As predicted, the larger frames generated more induced motion and greater displacement of the visual vertical. These results may have occurred because the larger frame had a greater effect on the subjects' spatial orientation, perhaps due to the more extensive involvement of the peripheral, or ambient, visual system.

On the Possible Causal Relation between Perceived Spatial Orientation and Induced Motion

1995 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 641-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony H. Reinhardt-Rutland
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Orientation ◽  
Causal Relation ◽  
Frame Effect ◽  
Induced Motion ◽  
Rod And Frame

In 1994 Brooks and Sherrick showed that both the rod-and-frame effect and frame-and-spot-induced motion increase as the inducing frame is made larger. This suggests that change in perceived spatial orientation causes induced motion. Here it is argued that the rod-and-frame effect is more appropriately compared with induced rotation, which differs from frame-and-spot-induced motion in a number of ways. It is argued that the rod-and-frame effect may inhibit induced rotation.

scholarly journals Perception of the dynamic visual vertical during sinusoidal linear motion

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 2499-2506 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pomante ◽  
L. P. J. Selen ◽  
W. P. Medendorp
Keyword(s):  
Vestibular System ◽  
Spatial Orientation ◽  
Linear Acceleration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Linear Motion ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Visual Vertical ◽  
The Brain

The vestibular system provides information for spatial orientation. However, this information is ambiguous: because the otoliths sense the gravitoinertial force, they cannot distinguish gravitational and inertial components. As a consequence, prolonged linear acceleration of the head can be interpreted as tilt, referred to as the somatogravic effect. Previous modeling work suggests that the brain disambiguates the otolith signal according to the rules of Bayesian inference, combining noisy canal cues with the a priori assumption that prolonged linear accelerations are unlikely. Within this modeling framework the noise of the vestibular signals affects the dynamic characteristics of the tilt percept during linear whole-body motion. To test this prediction, we devised a novel paradigm to psychometrically characterize the dynamic visual vertical—as a proxy for the tilt percept—during passive sinusoidal linear motion along the interaural axis (0.33 Hz motion frequency, 1.75 m/s2peak acceleration, 80 cm displacement). While subjects ( n=10) kept fixation on a central body-fixed light, a line was briefly flashed (5 ms) at different phases of the motion, the orientation of which had to be judged relative to gravity. Consistent with the model’s prediction, subjects showed a phase-dependent modulation of the dynamic visual vertical, with a subject-specific phase shift with respect to the imposed acceleration signal. The magnitude of this modulation was smaller than predicted, suggesting a contribution of nonvestibular signals to the dynamic visual vertical. Despite their dampening effect, our findings may point to a link between the noise components in the vestibular system and the characteristics of dynamic visual vertical.NEW & NOTEWORTHY A fundamental question in neuroscience is how the brain processes vestibular signals to infer the orientation of the body and objects in space. We show that, under sinusoidal linear motion, systematic error patterns appear in the disambiguation of linear acceleration and spatial orientation. We discuss the dynamics of these illusory percepts in terms of a dynamic Bayesian model that combines uncertainty in the vestibular signals with priors based on the natural statistics of head motion.

scholarly journals Determinants of the rod-and-frame effect: Role of organization and subjective contour

1980 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Streibel ◽  
Richard D. Barnes ◽  
George D. Julness ◽  
Sheldon M. Ebenholtz
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Contour ◽  
Frame Effect ◽  
Rod And Frame

Modulation of Spatial Orientation Processing by Mental Imagery Instructions: A MEG Study of Representational Momentum

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 569-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel-Ange Amorim ◽  
Wilfried Lang ◽  
Gerald Lindinger ◽  
Dagmar Mayer ◽  
Lüder Deecke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Imagery ◽  
Spatial Orientation ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Representational Momentum ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Body Tilt ◽  
Rotational Equilibrium ◽  
The Right

Under appropriate conditions, an observer's memory for the final position of an abruptly halted moving object is distorted in the direction of the represented motion. This phenomenon is called “representational momentum” (RM). We examined the effect of mental imagery instructions on the modulation of spatial orientation processing by testing for RM under conditions of picture versus body rotation perception and imagination. Behavioral data were gathered via classical reaction time and error measurements, whereas brain activity was recorded with the help of magnetoence-phalography (MEG). Due to the so-called inverse problem and to signal complexity, results were described at the signal level rather than with the source location modeling. Brain magnetic field strength and spatial distribution, as well as latency of P200m evoked fields were used as neurocognitive markers. A task was devised where a subject examined a rotating sea horizon as seen from a virtual boat in order to extrapolate either the picture motion or the body motion relative to the picture while the latter disappeared temporarily until a test-view was displayed as a final orientation candidate. Results suggest that perceptual interpretation and extrapolation of visual motion in the roll plane capitalize on the fronto-parietal cortical networks involving working memory processes. Extrapolation of the rotational dynamics of sea horizon revealed a RM effect simulating the role of gravity in rotational equilibrium. Modulation of the P200m component reflected spatial orientation processing and a non-voluntary detection of an incongruity between displayed and expected final orientations given the implied motion. Neuromagnetic properties of anticipatory (Contingent Magnetic Variation) and evoked (P200m) brain magnetic fields suggest, respectively, differential allocation of attentional resources by mental imagery instructions (picture vs. body tilt), and a communality of neural structures (in the right centro-parietal region) for the control of both RM and mental rotation processes. Finally, the RM of the body motion is less prone to forward shifts than that of picture motion evidencing an internalization of the implied mass of the virtual body of the observer.

Comparison of Five Methods of Presenting the Rod-and-Frame Test

1969 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gene Lester
Keyword(s):  
Frame Effect ◽  
Undergraduate Women ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

Fifty undergraduate women were tested with 5 versions of the Rod-and-frame Test. One method yielded a significantly smaller variance than any other. The same method also gave a smaller frame effect than has previously been noted for female Ss.

scholarly journals The gap between rod and frame influences the rod-and-frame effect with small and large inducing displays

1993 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierluigi Zoccolotti ◽  
Gabriella Antonucci ◽  
Donatella Spinelli
Keyword(s):  
Frame Effect ◽  
Rod And Frame

Induced Motion Considered as a Visually Induced Oculogyral Illusion

Perception ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B Post
Keyword(s):  
Optokinetic Nystagmus ◽  
Optokinetic Stimulation ◽  
Fixation Target ◽  
Illusory Motion ◽  
Reverse Phase ◽  
Ocular Pursuit ◽  
Stationary Stimulus ◽  
Oculogyral Illusion ◽  
Induced Motion ◽  
Perceived Motion

The possibility that nystagmus suppression contributes to illusory motion was investigated by measuring perceived motion of a stationary stimulus following the removal of an optokinetic stimulus. This was done because optokinetic nystagmus typically outlasts cessation of an optokinetic stimulus. Therefore, it would be expected that a stationary fixated stimulus should appear to move after removal of an optokinetic stimulus if illusory motion results from nystagmus suppression. Illusory motion was reported for a stationary fixation target following optokinetic stimulation. This motion was reported first in the same direction as the preceding induced motion, then in the opposite direction. The two directions of illusory motion following optokinetic stimulation are interpreted as resulting from the use of smooth ocular pursuit to suppress first one phase of optokinetic afternystagmus and then the reverse phase. Implications for the origins of induced motion are discussed.

The Rod-and-Frame Effect: The Whole is Less than the Sum of its Parts

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p5411 ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 699-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxun Li ◽  
Leonard Matin
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Mass Action ◽  
Induction Effect ◽  
Frame Effect ◽  
Object A ◽  
Tilted Frame ◽  
Additive Combination ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Rod And Frame ◽  
Individual Line

Since the discovery of the influence of the tilted frame on the visual perception of the orientation perceived as vertical (VPV), the frame has been treated as a unitary object—a Gestalt. We evaluated the effect of 1-line, 2-line, 3-line, and 4-line (square frame) stimuli of two different sizes, and asked whether the influence of the square frame on VPV is any greater than the additive combination of separate influences produced by the individual lines constituting the frame. We found that, for each size, the square frame is considerably less influential than the additive combination of the influences of the individual lines. The results conform to a mass action rule, in which the lengths and orientations of the individual line components are what matters and the organization of the lines into a square does not—no higher-level Gestalt property is involved in the induction effect on VPV.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document