Effect of Sleep Deficit, Knowledge of Results, and Stimulus Quality on Reaction Time and Response Force

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 563-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Jaśkowski ◽  
Dariusz Włodarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Response Force ◽  
Stimulus Quality ◽  
Force Amplitude ◽  
Knowledge Of Results ◽  
Sleep Deficit ◽  
Compensatory Effect

Some recent findings suggested that response force measured during reaction time experiments might reflect changes in activation. We performed an experiment in which the effect of sleep deprivation, knowledge of results, and stimulus quality on response force was studied in simple and choice reaction tasks. As expected, both simple and choice reaction times increased with sleep deficit. Further, simple and choice reactions were faster with knowledge of results and slowed down when stimulus quality was degraded. As sleep deprivation affects both arousal and activation, we expected a detrimental effect of sleep on force amplitude. On the other hand, knowledge of results was expected to increase force by its compensatory effect on arousal and activation. No effect of sleep deprivation on response force was found. Knowledge of results increased response force independently of sleep deprivation.

Influence of Sleep Deprivation and Auditory Intensity on Reaction Time and Response Force

2002 ◽  
Vol 94 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1101-1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Włodarczyk ◽  
Piotr Jaśkowski ◽  
Agnieszka Nowik
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Simon Task ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Choice Response ◽  
Response Force ◽  
Auditory Intensity ◽  
Response Choice ◽  
Sleep Deficit

Arousal and activation are two variables supposed to underlie change in response force. This study was undertaken to explain these roles, specifically, for strong auditory stimuli and sleep deficit. Loud auditory stimuli can evoke phasic over-arousal whereas sleep deficit leads to general underarousal. Moreover, Van der Molen and Keuss. (1979, 1981) showed that paradoxically long reaction times occurred with extremely strong auditory stimuli when the task was difficult, e.g., choice reaction or Simon paradigm. It was argued that this paradoxical behavior related to reaction time is due to active disconnecting of the coupling between arousal and activation to prevent false responses. If so, we predicted that for extremely loud stimuli and for difficult tasks, the lengthening of reaction time should be associated with reduction of response force. The effects of loudness and sleep deficit on response time and force were investigated in three different tasks: simple response, choice response, and Simon paradigm. According to our expectation, we found a detrimental effect of sleep deficit on reaction time and on response force. In contrast to Van der Molen and Keuss, we found no increase in reaction time for loud stimuli (up to 110 dB) even on the Simon task.

scholarly journals Prospecting the use of reaction times, response force and partial response force to estimate consumers’ willingness-to-pay.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasper Dezwaef ◽  
Wouter Dossche ◽  
Emiel Cracco ◽  
Jelle Demanet ◽  
Timothy Desmet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Response Force ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Dependent Variables

The present study employed an explicit reaction time task but measured several underlying cognitive processes in an attempt to provide implicit estimates of consumers’ willingness-to-pay (WTP). Participants were asked to evaluate product-price combinations as cheap or expensive. The prices of the products ranged from very cheap to very expensive. Crucially, participants had to complete the task under time pressure while the dependent variables of interest could not be influenced deliberately. This is because we explored whether the magnitude of the price stimulus interfered with the reaction times (RTs), response force (RF) and partial responses (PRs). The results of our study demonstrated that both RTs and RF are influenced by the magnitude of the price and it is postulated that these dependent measures indeed have the potential to investigate consumers’ WTP. Future studies need to further investigate the possibilities of these implicit variables and validate eventual estimates.

Impending Electrical Shock Can Affect Response Force in a Simple Reaction Task

1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 995-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Jaśkowski ◽  
Marek Wróblewski ◽  
Dorota Hojan-Jezierska
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Response Force ◽  
Simple Reaction Time Task ◽  
Electrical Shock ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
Reaction Task

For 20 subjects reaction times and force of response were measured on a simple reaction time task to visual stimuli while activation was manipulated by occasionally delivering a noninformative electrical shock. In blocks in which shocks were delivered, forces of response were larger than those in control blocks without shocks. The results are discussed in terms of Sanders' mode! of stress.

scholarly journals Sleep Hygiene for Optimizing Recovery in Athletes: Review and Recommendations

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (08) ◽  
pp. 535-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth C. Vitale ◽  
Roberts Owens ◽  
Susan R. Hopkins ◽  
Atul Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Tennis Serve ◽  
Sleep Extension ◽  
High Level ◽  
Time Accuracy

AbstractFor elite athletes who exercise at a high level, sleep is critical to overall health. Many studies have documented the effects of sleep deprivation in the general population, but few studies exist regarding specific effects in the athlete. This review summarizes the effects of sleep deprivation and sleep extension on athletic performance, including reaction time, accuracy, strength and endurance, and cognitive function. There are clear negative effects of sleep deprivation on performance, including reaction time, accuracy, vigor, submaximal strength, and endurance. Cognitive functions such as judgment and decision-making also suffer. Sleep extension can positively affect reaction times, mood, sprint times, tennis serve accuracy, swim turns, kick stroke efficiency, and increased free throw and 3-point accuracy. Banking sleep (sleep extension prior to night of intentional sleep deprivation before sporting event) is a new concept that may also improve performance. For sports medicine providers, the negative effects of sleep deprivation cannot be overstated to athletes. To battle sleep deprivation, athletes may seek supplements with potentially serious side effects; improving sleep quality however is simple and effective, benefiting not only athlete health but also athletic performance.

scholarly journals 0224 Optogenetic Manipulation of Basal Forebrain Parvalbumin Neurons Modulates Vigilant Attention and Rescues Sleep Deprivation Induced Impairments

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A87-A87
Author(s):  
F L Schiffino ◽  
J M McNally ◽  
A N Hassler ◽  
R E Brown ◽  
R E Strecker
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Basal Forebrain ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Light Onset ◽  
Lever Release

Abstract Introduction Sleep disruption leads to attention impairments, excessive daytime sleepiness, and is a major contributor to accident rates and decreased workplace productivity. The basal forebrain (BF) region has long been associated with promoting cortical arousal and wakefulness. Recently, selective excitation of BF parvalbumin (PV) GABAergic neurons has been shown to produce high frequency cortical activation and brief periods of wakefulness. Here we test the hypothesis that BF PV neurons are involved in vigilant attention using bidirectional optogenetic manipulations in a signaled reaction time task. Methods Brief optogenetic excitation (ChR2) and inhibition (ArchT) of BF PV neurons was applied during a lever release version of the rodent psychomotor vigilance task (rPVT). Mice were trained to hold a lever down to initiate a trial and after a random delay, a 200ms cue light signaled the mouse to quickly release the lever within 1s to receive a sucrose pellet reward. The reaction time between cue light onset and lever release was the primary measure of attentional performance. Sleep deprivation (8h) produced by gentle handling was also investigated. Laser parameters: brief (1s) of continuous (non-pulsatile) laser stimulation was delivered beginning 500ms prior to cue light onset (5mW 473nm blue light for ChR2-mediated excitation; 10mW 530nm green light for ArchT-mediated inhibition). Results BF PV excitation led to faster reactions times (N=6, 14% faster, p<.001), interpreted as an enhancement of attention. Sleep deprivation slowed reaction times (20% slower, p<.01) and BF PV excitation rescued the sleep deprivation induced impairments. BF PV inhibition significantly slowed reaction times (25% slower, p<.02), an effect that resembled the effects of sleep deprivation. Conclusion This is the first demonstration of a role for BF PV neurons in attention and in the attention deficits produced by sleep deprivation. Support T32 HL007901, I01 BX002774, P01 HL095491, R01 MH039683, I01 BX004500, IK2 BX002130, Stonehill College SURE program, I01 BX001356

Modeling Within-Person Variance in Reaction Time Data of Older Adults

GeroPsych ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Rast ◽  
Daniel Zimprich
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Reaction Time Data ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Time Task ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Second Wave

In order to model within-person (WP) variance in a reaction time task, we applied a mixed location scale model using 335 participants from the second wave of the Zurich Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Aging. The age of the respondents and the performance in another reaction time task were used to explain individual differences in the WP variance. To account for larger variances due to slower reaction times, we also used the average of the predicted individual reaction time (RT) as a predictor for the WP variability. Here, the WP variability was a function of the mean. At the same time, older participants were more variable and those with better performance in another RT task were more consistent in their responses.

The Level of Reaction Time Determines the ERP Correlates of Auditory Negative Priming

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Mayr ◽  
Michael Niedeggen ◽  
Axel Buchner ◽  
Guido Orgs
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Negative Priming ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Negative Priming Effect ◽  
Episodic Retrieval ◽  
Time Level ◽  
Fast Reactions ◽  
Priming Condition

Responding to a stimulus that had to be ignored previously is usually slowed-down (negative priming effect). This study investigates the reaction time and ERP effects of the negative priming phenomenon in the auditory domain. Thirty participants had to categorize sounds as musical instruments or animal voices. Reaction times were slowed-down in the negative priming condition relative to two control conditions. This effect was stronger for slow reactions (above intraindividual median) than for fast reactions (below intraindividual median). ERP analysis revealed a parietally located negativity of the negative priming condition compared to the control conditions between 550-730 ms poststimulus. This replicates the findings of Mayr, Niedeggen, Buchner, and Pietrowsky (2003) . The ERP correlate was more pronounced for slow trials (above intraindividual median) than for fast trials (below intraindividual median). The dependency of the negative priming effect size on the reaction time level found in the reaction time analysis as well as in the ERP analysis is consistent with both the inhibition as well as the episodic retrieval account of negative priming. A methodological artifact explanation of this effect-size dependency is discussed and discarded.

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